6,101 research outputs found
Characterisation of the human lung fibroblasts ability to act as an antigen presenting cell for T helper cells of the immune system
No full textT helper cells of the immune system are critical in mediating immune responses in the lung. Through the release of cytokines, T helper cells direct the wider immune response against a range of pathogens and are considered indispensible for effective immunity. T cell activation is governed by the interaction with antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which mediate antigen-specific T cell activation and thus control immune responses in areas such as the lung. While T helper cell activation by APCs such as dendritic cells is well established, the role of fibroblasts in T helper cell activation in the lung is poorly understood. Fibroblast antigen presentation was hypothesised to be a mechanism leading to activation of bacterial-specific lung T helper cells.Characterisation of T cell populations within the human distal lung was carried out. focusing upon examining the memory T cell populations. In addition, the cytokine production profile of T cells as a whole population and in response to specific lung bacterial antigen was examined.Distal lung T cells were primarily CD4 T helper cells of an effector memory phenotype. IFNγ producing, Th1-type cells were the most abundant effector subset present in all T cell populations examined, while initial responses to the common lung bacteria nontypeable haemophilus influenza were more heterogeneous.Human lung fibroblasts obtained from the distal lung were examined for expression of immune synapse molecules both ex vivo and in vitro using flow cytometry. The ability of lung fibroblasts to internalize environmental antigen was also investigated via flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Using autologous lung fibroblasts and T helper cells, the ability of fibroblasts to present bacterial antigens non-typeable haemophilus influenza was examined. T helper activation was measured via the production of cytokines associated with the major T helper effector subsets.Lung fibroblasts expressed HLA-DR ex vivo, and were shown to upregulate HLA-DR and ICAM-1 by IFNγ treatment in vitro, but did not express CD80 or CD86. Fibroblasts were also able to internalize environmental antigen. Fibroblasts exposed to both IFNγ and a heat-killed form of non-typeable haemophilus influenza are shown to activate IFNγ and IL-17A producing T helper cells in an antigen dependent manner.This study demonstrates that lung fibroblasts are able to function as an inducible APC and activate proinflammatory T helper cells. This previously unknown relationship between fibroblast and T cell may represent a key mechanism in lung immune responses to bacterial populations
Father Andrew Mullen 1790-1818: a study in early nineteenth century spirituality
No full textThis thesis is laid out in three parts: Part I. The life and death of Andrew Mullen. The life is based, to a large extent, on a long letter to his mother, Catherine Mullen, dated 7 January 1810. The letter gives a definite insight into his spirituality based on his membership of the Archconfraternity of the Blessed Sacrament. There is a hint that he had a premonition of an early death. Part II. The burial of Andrew Mullen and the immediate cult to him This is based on documentary evidence. Part III. Most of this part is a catalogue of testimonies taken from 1993 onwards. Then there is the conclusion on the popular devotion to Andrew Mullen stressing the theological aspect of the subject. In the course of writing the thesis it was decided to separate the documentary evidence from the oral tradition. This was advantageous in developing the thesis, and the documents provided a secure basis for the oral tradition. Two pieces of information were found in March 1997. They are death notices: 2 January 1819, The Leinster Journal and 7 January 1819, The Car low Morning Post. There is a slight discrepancy between the two on the date of his death. Also this discrepancy shows a slight difference from the date of the tombstone
Manning the barricades: lung fibroblasts and CD4+ T cells as the last line of defence against bacterial invasion?
No full textFibroblasts are a major structural cell in the human lung, being responsible for the production of extracellular matrix components that provide the intricate structure necessary for correct lung function. Generally located in the submucosa, fibroblasts do not usually directly interact with the commensal microbes we now know are resident in the airways. However, during situations where alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells are impaired, for example during severe viral infections leading to pneumonia, bacteria can invade the lung mesenchyme. In these circumstances, fibroblasts may represent another immunological barrier to bacterial invasion, not just as innate immune effectors but also by interacting with migrating and tissue-resident adaptive immune cell populations, such as CD4+ T cells. The cytokines produced by CD4+ T helper cells are integral in directing appropriate innate and adaptive immune responses against bacteria but the nature of fibroblast-CD4+ cell interaction, unlike the CD8+ T cell interaction, is not clearly established. Here, we review the responses of lung fibroblasts to bacteria and discuss emerging data indicating a key role for these cells in directly presenting bacterial antigens to CD4+ T cells
What I know about my ancestors, and their families : also, some account of my wife's ancestors, and their families /
No full textIncludes index."This book is donated by Dr. Victor J. Andrew, great grandson of the author, who copied it from the original manuscript which is in the possession of Mr. Morton O. Perkins, grandson of the author, and who still lives on the author's farm."Reprint of: What I know about my ancestors, and their families : also some account of my wife's ancestors, and their families / Edward Perkins. Weymouth, Ohio : Perkins, 1888.Mode of access: Internet
Amphidoxa lavinia Hutton 1883
No full textAmphidoxa lavinia Hutton, 1883 Pl. 7, fig. B Hutton, 1883. The New Zealand Journal of Science, 1: 476. Type material. Syntypes (2), NMNZ M.1754 (dry shells). Label details. ‘ Palmerston North, T.W. Kirk’. Type locality. Stated by Hutton (1883g: 476, 1884b: 180) to be ‘Palmerston North’, but this is incorrect (see below). Remarks. Type material of Amphidoxa lavinia is illustrated here for the first time in pl. 7 fig. B. Hutton submitted a description of this species to the Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute issue for 1883, but publication was delayed until May 1884 (Hutton 1884b: 180), and was pre-empted by a brief description in an account of a meeting of the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury (Hutton 1883g: 476). These descriptions were based on specimens that T.W. Kirk sent to Hutton, and which putatively had been collected at Palmerston North, north of Wellington. However, there have been no other records of this species from New Zealand, and the locality details given by Kirk were undoubtedly incorrect. Suter (1913: 683) considered that Amphidoxa lavinia Hutton, 1883 was a junior synonym of Helix capillacea Férussac, 1832, from Australia, as did Iredale (1938: 119). Smith (1992: 299) stated that A. lavinia was “not known to occur in Australia ”, but this was probably based on a misinterpretation of Iredale’s synonymy. Re-examination of type material indicates that Amphidoxa lavinia Hutton, 1883 is actually a synonym of Helix sinclairi Pfeiffer, 1846. The latter taxon was described from one or more specimens collected by Dr. Andrew Sinclair in ‘Van Diemensland’ (= Tasmania, Australia). The lectotype (NHMUK 1842.11.2.23), fixed by inference of holotype (ICZN Article. 74.6) by Smith (1992: 304), is illustrated here for the first time in pl. 7, fig. C. Helix sinclairii is the type species of the genus Tasmaphena Iredale, 1933, in the family Rhytididae, by original designation. It is endemic to mid-northern, central and southern Tasmania (Smith & Kershaw 1981: 69, map 36; Stanisic et al. 2018: 98). Taxonomy. Treated here as a subjective junior synonym of Tasmaphena sinclairii (Pfeiffer, 1846) N. syn.Published as part of Brook, Fred J., Kennedy, Martyn, King, Tania M., Ridden, Johnathon, Shaw, Matthew D. & Spencer, Hamish G., 2020, Catalogue of New Zealand land, freshwater and estuarine molluscan taxa named by Frederick Wollaston Hutton between 1879 and 1904, pp. 1-73 in Zootaxa 4865 (1) on pages 57-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4865.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/442842
Factors associated with adverse perinatal outcome in the Term Breech Trial
No full textCaroline Crowther is listed as a member of the Term Breech Trial Collaborative GroupMin Su, Lynne McLeod, Susan Ross, Andrew Willan, Walter J Hannah, Eileen Hutton, Sheila Hewson; Mary E Hannah for The Term Breech Trial Collaborative Grouphttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/623277/description#descriptio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Maternal outcomes at 2 years after planned cesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: The international randomized Term Breech Trial
No full textCaroline Crowther is a contributor to the 2-year maternal follow-up Term Breech Trial Collaborative GroupMary E. Hannah, Hilary Whyte, Walter J. Hannah, Sheila Hewson, Kofi Amankwah, Mary Cheng, Amiram Gafni, Patricia Guselle, Michael Helewa, Ellen D. Hodnett, Eileen Hutton, Rose Kung, Darren McKay, Susan Ross, Saroj Saigal, Andrew Willan, for the 2-year maternal follow-up Term Breech Trial Collaborative Grou
Andrew Jenson
No full textAndrew Jenson (1850-1941) was a historian, author, assistant LDS Church historian, and president of the Utah State Historical Society
Andrew Jenson
No full textAndrew Jenson (1850-1941) was a historian, author, assistant LDS Church historian, and president of the Utah State Historical Society
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