140 research outputs found
Personalized Risk Schemes and Machine Learning to Empower Genomic Prognostication Models in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
No full textMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by variable clinical manifestations and outcomes. Several prognostic systems relying on clinical factors and cytogenetic abnormalities have been developed to help stratify MDS patients into different risk categories of distinct prognoses and therapeutic implications. The current abundance of molecular information poses the challenges of precisely defining patients’ molecular profiles and their incorporation in clinically established diagnostic and prognostic schemes. Perhaps the prognostic power of the current systems can be boosted by incorporating molecular features. Machine learning (ML) algorithms can be helpful in developing more precise prognostication models that integrate complex genomic interactions at a higher dimensional level. These techniques can potentially generate automated diagnostic and prognostic models and assist in advancing personalized therapies. This review highlights the current prognostication models used in MDS while shedding light on the latest achievements in ML-based research
A Comprehensive Review of the Genomics of Multiple Myeloma: Evolutionary Trajectories, Gene Expression Profiling, and Emerging Therapeutics
No full textMultiple myeloma (MM) is a blood cancer characterized by the accumulation of malignant monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. It develops through a series of premalignant plasma cell dyscrasia stages, most notable of which is the Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS). Significant advances have been achieved in uncovering the genomic aberrancies underlying the pathogenesis of MGUS-MM. In this review, we discuss in-depth the genomic evolution of MM and focus on the prognostic implications of the accompanied molecular and cytogenetic aberrations. We also dive into the latest investigatory techniques used for the diagnoses and risk stratification of MM patients
Comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of near infrared absorbing copolymers based on dithienosilole
No full textInternational audienceIn recent contributions [H. Medlej, H. Awada, M. Abbas, G. Wantz, A. Bousquet, E. Grelet, K. Hariri, T. Hamieh, R. C. Hiorns and C. Dagron-Lartigau, Eur. Polym. J., 2013, 49, 4176; W. Khelifi, H. Awada, K. Brymora, S. Blanc, L. Hirsch, F. Castet, A. Bousquet and C. Lartigau-Dagron, Macromolecules, 2019, 52, 4820], we reported a series of low band gap copolymers with the objective of shifting the absorption from the visible to the near infrared range. This polymer family is based on the combination of the dithienosilole (DTS) electron-rich unit with different electron-withdrawing units, namely benzothiadiazole (BT), 4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DTBT), diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and diazapentalene (DAP). In the present report, we extend this family by designing a new copolymer alternating the DTS donor with the thienoisoindigo (TII) acceptor. The experimental characterization studies are rationalized by means of DFT calculations, which provide structure–property relationships linking absorption properties of the various copolymers to the electronic structure of the ground and first excited states. To enable more complete analyses, we also carried out DFT calculations on ten supplementary copolymers based on electron-rich monomer analogues of DTS, cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) and dithienopyrrole (DTP). Electrochemical and optical properties of the DTS-TII copolymer are compared to those of copolymers incorporating BT, DTBT, DPP and DAP accepting units. We show that this new copolymer exhibits improved near infrared light harvesting in both solution and thin films, which makes this a material of interest for a variety of optoelectronic applications
Analysis of Higher Education Correlation with the Labour Market and its Main Problems in Israel and the Republic of Moldova
No full textAWADA, Saleh. Analiza corelării învățământului superior cu piața muncii și principalelor problem ale acestuia din Israel și Republica Moldova = Analysis of Higher Education Correlation with the Labour Market and its Main Problems in Israel and the Republic of Moldova. In: Economica. 2022, nr. 2(120), pp. 49-59. ISSN 1810-9136.Cu toate că sistemul de învățământ din Uniunea Sovietică și principiile acestuia nu mai există, mulți părinți, bunei încă regretă că nu-și pot instrui urmașii în instituții superioare de tip sovietic, iar piața muncii atât din Republica Moldova, cât și cea din Israel, stimulează aceste aspirații. În prezenta cercetare, autorul încearcă să identifice problemele actuale ale învățământului superior și să sugereze câteva soluții pentru rezolvarea acestora. Cercetarea ce se bazează pe studierea intensivă a literaturii, articolelor și lucrărilor științifice de specialitate cu privire la piața muncii din Israel și Republica Moldova, încercând să compare raportul dintre oferta educațională a învățământului superior și cererea pieței muncii din ambele țări, să dezvăluie probleme și să propună soluții posibile, bazate pe experiența internațională. CZU: [378:331.552](478+569.4); JEL: I21, I25, J23, N30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/econ.2022.120.049
************************************************************************************************************************************* Although the Soviet Union education system and its principles do not exist anymore, many parents and grandparents still regret that they cannot train their descendants in higher education institutions of a soviet-style and the labour market of both Moldova and Israel stimulate these aspirations. In this research, the author tries to find out current problems of Higher Education and suggest some solutions for solving them. The research is based on intensive study of literature, articles and scientific papers on the labour market in Israel and the Republic of Moldova, trying to compare the ratio between the educational supply of higher education and the demand of the labour market in both countries, to reveal problems and propose some possible solutions, based on international experience. CZU: [378:331.552](478+569.4); JEL: I21, I25, J23, N30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53486/econ.2022.120.04
On Being an Arab Student in the UK: An Autoethnographic Study on the Experiences of Overseas Students in the UK
No full textThis dissertation uses autoethnography to provide a rich illustration of the difficulties that face overseas students in the UK higher educational system. I write several stories to present the key difficulties that I, as an Arab student, faced during my undergraduate and postgraduate studies in England. The focus of the stories is on the social and academic difficulties that result from the differences in my home and host countries cultural values and educational systems. The main aim of the dissertation, therefore, is to benefit UK universities and students aiming to pursue their higher degree education abroad, particularly in the UK. For these practical benefits, this dissertation contributes to literature by enriching the predictable problems that are covered in literature and demonstrating some hidden difficulties that are faced by overseas students
Fostering Social Equity in Planning and Urban Design with Children
No full textThis research paper explores the idea of fostering social equity in planning and urban design with a focus on children. It argues that the built environment significantly influences a child\u27s development, health, and well-being. The paper emphasizes the importance of incorporating children\u27s rights and child-friendly design into urban planning to address the issue of children being overlooked and lacking the opportunity to understand the effects of urban development on the growth of children. It highlights the benefits of developing child-friendly cities, enhancing urban playability and spaces, and encouraging civic participation among children. Moreover, it discusses the challenges and complexities of creating inclusive and sustainable cities that meet everyone\u27s needs while prioritizing advantageous aspects of child-friendly cities in urban design. By focusing on children, planners can create environments that nurture the well-being of all community members, leading to healthier, happier, and more equitable communities
Synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids for phovoltaic applications
No full textThe performance and life time of organic solar cells are critically dependent on the properties of active layer materials and device interfaces. In this manuscript, we developed new organic-inorganic hybrid materials to create intimate contact between donor and acceptor phases and facilitate the interfacial electronic charge transfer through the device. First, the synthesis of versatile triethoxysilane-terminated poly(3-hexylthiophene) P3HT for direct anchoring (grafting-onto) in one step procedure to various metallic oxides was reported. Electro-optical analysis showed an efficient charge transfer from the polymer to nanoparticles; suggesting that these materials are suitable candidates for photovoltaic application. In the second part, we demonstrate for the first time the elaboration of low band gap polymer brushes on metallic oxide surfaces via surface initiated step growth polymerization (grafting-through). In both cases, a higher grafting density, better packing of polymer chains and enhanced optical properties were observed due to the grafting methodology and polymer characteristics. Finally, P3HT brushes were elaborated on indium tin oxide surface (ITO) as hole transporting layer of organic solar cells. Photovoltaic performances showed that P3HT self-assembled monolayer (SAMs) could be promising alternatives to PEDOT:PSS.Les performances et la durée de vie des cellules solaires organiques sont fortement dépendantes de la qualité des matériaux de la couche active et des interfaces dans le dispositif. Dans ce manuscrit, nous avons développé des nouveaux matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques pour favoriser le contact entre les matériaux donneur/accepteur d’électrons et ainsi faciliter le transfert de charges à travers le dispositif. Tout d'abord, la synthèse de poly(3-hexylthiophène) P3HT fonctionnalisé par le triéthoxysilane a permis le greffage direct (« grafting-onto ») sur des oxydes métalliques. L’analyse des propriétés électro-optiques montre un transfert de charge efficace du polymère aux nanoparticules; ce qui suggère que ces matériaux sont des candidats potentiels pour l'application photovoltaïque. Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons montré pour la première fois, l’élaboration de brosses de polymères dits à faible bande interdite sur des surfaces d’oxydes métalliques par la technique « grafting-through ». Une densité de greffage élevée, un meilleur empilement des chaines de polymères et des propriétés optiques améliorées ont été obtenus grâce à la technique de greffage et aux caractéristiques du polymère greffé. Enfin, des brosses de P3HT ont été élaborées sur la surface d’oxyde d'indium et d’étain (ITO) en tant que couche de transport de trous de cellules solaires organiques. Les performances photovoltaïques ont montré que les monocouches auto-assemblées de P3HT (SAM) peuvent être une alternative au PEDOT: PSS
On Being an Arab Student in the UK: An Autoethnographic Study on the Experiences of Overseas Students in the UK
No full textThis dissertation uses autoethnography to provide a rich illustration of the difficulties that face overseas students in the UK higher educational system. I write several stories to present the key difficulties that I, as an Arab student, faced during my undergraduate and postgraduate studies in England. The focus of the stories is on the social and academic difficulties that result from the differences in my home and host countries cultural values and educational systems. The main aim of the dissertation, therefore, is to benefit UK universities and students aiming to pursue their higher degree education abroad, particularly in the UK. For these practical benefits, this dissertation contributes to literature by enriching the predictable problems that are covered in literature and demonstrating some hidden difficulties that are faced by overseas students
Hepatitis C Infection Associated with Acquired Pure Red Cell Aplasia
No full textAcquired pure red cell aplasia is a rare bone marrow failure disorder characterized by many underlying etiologies. The hallmark bone marrow feature is the near absence of erythroid precursors that otherwise exhibit normal cellularity, which has been attributed to both immune- and cellular-mediated mechanisms. Besides being merely speculative and considering the rarity of the disorder, the description of acquired pure red cell aplasia clinical associations represents a unique occasion to improve our current clinical knowledge of the disease, reveal clues on its pathogenesis, and guide therapeutic decisions. The varied clinical scenarios and common acquired pure red cell aplasia associated conditions (i.e., thymoma, T cell/NK-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia, B cell dyscrasia) suggest a heterogeneity of pathogenic routes. Viral etiologies must always be considered and worked up in the initial assessment of newly diagnosed acquired pure red cell aplasia patients. In this report, we present two cases of hepatitis-C-related acquired pure red cell aplasia and successful use of anti-viral strategies in the achievement of a complete response
A Focus on Intermediate-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Sub-Classification Updates and Therapeutic Challenges
No full textAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic neoplasms deriving from the abnormal proliferation of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow. Patients with AML may have highly variable outcomes, which are generally dictated by individual clinical and genomic characteristics. As such, the European LeukemiaNet 2017 and 2022 guidelines categorize newly diagnosed AML into favorable-, intermediate-, and adverse-risk groups, based on their molecular and cytogenetic profiles. Nevertheless, the intermediate-risk category remains poorly defined, as many patients fall into this group as a result of their exclusion from the other two. Moreover, further genomic data with potential prognostic and therapeutic influences continue to emerge, though they are yet to be integrated into the diagnostic and prognostic models of AML. This review highlights the latest therapeutic advances and challenges that warrant refining the prognostic classification of intermediate-risk AML
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