6 research outputs found
Use of molecular techniques for the analysis of foam-causing bacteria in Al Bireh oxidation ditch, Palestine
No full textMuhammad,Ratib:
Al-Sa'Ed,Rashed:
,Roest K.:Activated sludge foaming, a worldwide problem, usually consists of filamentous bacteria occurring
predominantly in the mixed liquor. Because of a lack of pure cultures of most filamentous bacteria
and the limited amount of characterisation data, molecular approaches were used to investigate dominant
filamentous bacterial strains associated with foaming in Al Bireh Wastewater Treatment Plant in
Palestine. Applying denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), 16S rRNA cloning and sequencing
showed the dominance of several filamentous bacteria including Microthrix parvicella, Nocardia
sp., Hyphomicrobium facilis, Chloroflexi, Candidates TM7 and Nocardioides oleivoran
BUDAYA BERATIB DI PALEMBANG: STUDI KASUS NASKAH LAMA RATIB SAMMAN DI MASA KINI
No full textAbstract
Beratib culture is a collective zikir cuture which expresses a gratitude to God. The culture has an old script as a source, they are: Ratib Samman, an old Ratib Samman text was on eight manuscripts. They were in Palembang, Jakarta National Library, and in Leiden library. It shows that Ratib Samman is quite well known in its time. The existence of Ratib Samman Palembang manuscripts emerged with a different version from Leiden and Jakarta collection, which causes its own charm. What is the content of ratib Samman Palembang manuscript? How does the process of Ratib Samman Palembang manuscript become beratib culture? and how does the implementation of Ratib Samman on Palembang society?. This research is aimed at publishing text; analyzing the process of Ratib Samman manuscript in becoming Beratib culture, and analyzing the implementing of Ratib Samman manuscript on Palembang society.
This is a qualitative research. An old Ratib Samman manuscripts becomes a primary data source with two aspects area study, for examining the first aspect, which related to text criticsm, and it is used a philology method. A second aspect is an aspect that related to manuscript content. On this aspect, Ratib Samman Palembang edited manuscript which has analyzed by a cultural research method, covers setting of Beratib culture users, and technique of data collection, sampling and informants, participant observations, and in-depth interview.
The research result shows that the two manuscripts of Ratib Samman entitled ‘Urwatu al-Wusqa’ and Silsilah and Tawassul was an adaption of Ratib Samman manuscript of Syeikh Samman al-Madani writing. Furthermore, Ratib Samman Palembang were written by different author. They are Syeikh Abdu Samad al-Falimbani and Kemas Haji Ahmad Azhari bin the late As Syekh Muhammad Azhari. Ratib Samman manuscript took Reza Pahlevi collection by reasoning that the text has not edited yet. It has a red sultanate official stamp, and it has an information of the text. Another text becomes standard of comparison which noted at footnote if reading variation happened. Ratib Samman Palembang manuscript currently was in the form of a guidebook, which edited from an old text entitled “Urwatu al-Wusqa and Silsilah and Tawassul by Kemas H. Andi Syarifudin, S. Ag. Reading Beratib, and was considered as an activity which spirituality value that will improve character, open a good fortune, easy to plan intention, and deflect a misfortune.
الملخص
BITAREB الثقافة في باليمبانج: دراسة حالة علي النصحة راتب السمان اليوم
BitareB هي واحدة من التراث الثقافي في باليمبانج التي تحتاج إلى الحفاظ عليها والحفاظ عليها. يستخدم ثقافة BitareB قراءات من النص القديم، وهي: راتب السمان )وتسمى فيما بعد .)TR المعلومات الموجودة في العديد من النصوص المصورة والنصوص الطويلة TR الواردة في ثمانية )8( النصي. ثالث )3( نص المستشفى القديم في باليمبانج واثنين )2( مخطوطة في جاكرتا والعالقة يمكن أن يكون إثنين )2( مخطوطة في ليدن. فإنه يدل على أن TR المخطوطات القديمة هو معروف جيدا في وقته. وجود المخطوطات القديمة TR باليمبانج الذي جاء مع إصدار مختلف مع مجموعة TR اليدن، وجاكرتا، مما تسبب في سحرها الخاص، وعلى أي حال TR جمع من المكتبة الوطنية في اندونيسيا وجمع ايدن وقد تم التحقيق من قبل أ. isitdawaeoe ونشرها في شكل كتاب في عام .2002 وبالنسبة لل وركزت هذه الدراسة على مخطوطة قديمة TR باليمبانج، من خالل تحليل ما مضمون نص TR باليمبانج؟ كيف تصبح العملية النص الثقافي TR BitareB باليمبانج؟ وما هي اآلثار المترتبة على المجتمع TR باليمبانج؟ انها تهدف الى نشر TR باليمبانج ليكون على بينة من محتوياته. تحليل عملية باليمبانج في النص الثقافي TR BitareB و TR النص باليمبانج تحليل اآلثار المترتبة على المجتمع.
هذا البحث النوعي. والتركيز على البحوث في دراسة المخطوطات القديمة TR باليمبانج وتحليل المحتوى. نص المستشفى القديم كمصدر للبيانات األولية فحص جانبين من جوانب الدراسة، األولىلدراسة الجوانب المتعلقة نقد النص، وتستخدم أساليب فقه اللغة. الخطوات التي يجري اتخاذها هي: TR المخطوطات القديمة جردها من خالل برنامج نصي التسويقي، الوصف، المقارنة وتحرير النص TRوالمواصفات الثانية هي الجوانب المتصلة محتوى النص. في هذا الجانب من النص TR باليمبانج تحرير تحليلها بواسطة طريقة البحث الثقافي يغطي المستخدمين )اإلعداد( ثقافة BitareB، وتقنيات جمع البيانات: أخذ العينات والمخبرين. المالحظة بالمشاركة. مقابالت متعمقة، بما في ذلك حزمة Kemas H. itareBB ditorew Andi Syarifuddin المسجدAgung ومجموعة من الجهات الفاعلة BitareB في باليمبانج. BitareB التحليل الثقافي للبيانات التجريبية في شكل عملية تقييم المقابالت والمالحظات والوثائق التي تم جمعها، ثم من صحة وموثوقية البيانات المستخدمة من قبل المصداقية الفنية.
عثر على ثالث )3( نص المستشفى القديم في باليمبانج، وهي: اثنين )2( نص آلعروة-آلوثقي و))1 برنامج نصي واحد األنساب والتوسل للتكيف من تركيب النص مخطوطة راتب السمان السمان الشيخ مدني. TR باليمبانج ثالثة نصوص كتبه المؤلف / الكاتب مختلفة. كانت مكتوبة اثنان منها على يد الشيخ عبد الصمد الفالمنانج واحدة مكتوبة من قبل حزمة أزهري بن حاجي أحمد الشيخ الراحل محمد واألزهري. كل ثالثة من المخطوطات القديمة، في دراسة المخطوطات فقه اللغة لمزيد من الدراسة، والذي هو بعنوان: آلعروة-آلوثقي لتحرير النص المختار TR جمع المخطوطات رضا بهلوي، بحجة أن هذا النص لم يتم تحريرها، كما أن لديها ختم مطاطي سلطنة األحمر والحصول على معلومات حول النص )بيانات النسخ(. بينما لوحظت جمع المخطوطات تستخدم حزمة حاجي اندى شرف الدين للمقارنة في الحواشي في حالة من القراءات. ظهر TR باليمبانج اليوم في شكل كتاب صغير للتعامل مع الحجاج. مقتبسة هذا الكتيب من نص TR القديمة باليمبانج العروة آلوثقي" و "النسب والتوسل" حسب ditorew تم إنشاؤها وفقا الحتياجات المجتمع. يتكون المجتمع BitareB من التجار ورجال األعمال وموظفي الخدمة المدنية حتى األطفال الذين يأتون المواطنين باليمبانج والمقيمين الذين استقروا منذ فترة طويلة في باليمبانج. وقد أصبحت هذه الثقافة العرفية قراءة وراثية بعد صالة العشاء أو في بعض األحداث في باليمبانج، وهي: بعد حفل زفاف، نقل منزل جديد، نذري، والخالص وغيرها. تعتبر BitareB TR قراءات لديهم القيم الروحية التي يمكن أن تحسن مزاجه، وتوسع الرزق، وتسهيل التبول وتجنب السيئة
RAPD Assessment of In Vivo Induced Genotoxicity of Raw and Treated Wastewater to Albino Rat
No full textQuality assessment of roof-harvested rainwater in the West Bank, Palestinian Authority
No full textRain harvesting is becoming more common in the Palestinian Territories as a result of drinking water
scarcity. Although it might pose serious human health risk, this water is being consumed without
treatment in many areas of the West Bank. The present study evaluates the physicochemical and
microbial quality of harvested rainwater that is used as potable water in the West Bank. Samples
from roof-harvested rainwater storage tanks (n ¼ 42) were collected in summer (SS) 2006/winter
(WS) 2007. Physicochemical parameters measured were: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity,
salinity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, nitrate, copper and lead. With few exceptions, all these
parameters were within WHO guideline values. All samples (100%) were found to contain coliforms
and to be heavily contaminated with heterotrophic bacteria. About 67% of all samples were
contaminated with fecal coliforms. Specific PCR technique confirmed the presence of five
pathogenic microorganisms that can be ordered according to their prevalence as: Citrobacter
(83%) > Acinetobacter (78%) > Aeromonas (52%) > Pseudomonas and Campylobacter (7%).
Prevalence of microorganisms in SS was higher than in WS. Although the physicochemical quality of
most harvested rainwater samples was in accordance with WHO guidelines for drinking water,
stored rainwater was significantly contaminated with bacteria resulting in significant human health
risk from infectious diseases
An analysis of the Concept of Freedom and its Implications for Educational Theory and Practice in Egypt, 1805-2000
No full textThe current study attempts to analyse the learners' right to freedom in education in order to determine the nature and content of their education. This analysis will be in relation to the philosophy of education in Egypt to improve the efficiency of the educational system. In this sense the aims of the study can be determined as follows: first to propose a theoretical framework of freedom in education in relation to its meaning, conditions, restrictions and
value, secondly, to develop this theoretical framework of education based on freedom so that it suits Egyptian society, can improve the efficiency of the educational system through the idea of freedom, and thirdly, to identify the difficulties and challenges that might
confront the claim to freedom in education in Egypt.
To achieve these aims the study contains seven chapters, an introduction, a conclusion and appendix that are necessary to achieve its aims and answer its questions. The introduction discusses the general outline of the study and the major issues, questions, aims, methodology and plan of the study. The main aim of chapter one is to analyse the concept of freedom in western and Islamic thought to build a theoretical framework of the meaning of freedom, its conditions and value, which is necessary and important to construct a theoretical framework of the meaning, conditions and value of freedom in education for
learners at school level. Chapter two aims to construct a theoretical framework of freedom in education that will depend on the analysis of the concept of freedom made in chapter one. This analysis will deal with the implications of freedom in education with respect to its conditions, restrictions and value in education. Through this analysis, chapter two aims also to analyse and examine the learners' rights to be free regarding their education. To have a
complete theoretical framework of freedom in education, chapter three discusses other implications with respect to restrictions which might limit learners' freedom by being
subject to state authority.
Chapter four investigates and analyses freedom in educational theory and practice in the history of Egypt from 1805 to 1991, whereas chapter five focuses on the period from 1992 to 2000. Following the analysis of the concept of freedom and its implications in education that will be made in the first five chapters, it would be sensible to construct a framework of educational theory based on freedom that, on one hand, should suite the Egyptian context in chapter six, on the other hand, that guarantees a range of freedom that allows learners and
society derive benefit from its value in education. Having proposed a framework of a theory of education based on freedom that suits the Egyptian context to improve the
efficiency of its educational system chapter seven will discover and examine the conditions and difficulties which need to be considered for the successful implementation of freedom in education. Also, the study will attempt to give some suggestions that might help to reduce the gap between the educational situation, its circumstances and the conditions that must be satisfied for the successful implementation of freedom in education
How terrorism ends : understanding the outcomes of violent political contestation
No full textExisting scholarship suggests terrorism is an ineffective method of political contestation; groups rarely achieve their political objectives and are often disrupted by the security services. These findings invite us to look again at the dominant rational choice paradigm, which suggests that terrorism is selected as the best strategy to achieve predetermined goals. Unpicking the assumptions underpinning this model using historical case studies, comparative analysis and typology development, this thesis broadens our interpretation of what those who use terrorism seek to achieve. It does so via a tripartite framework. First, employing a new reading of American pragmatist thought, interpreting militant group goals as culturally and socially mediated problems opens up a new vista of outcomes, in particular examining the way terrorism seeks to change relations between people. Second, using Social Movement Theory as its organising framework, an empirically derived typology of militant groups sets out the background political conditions and organisational characteristics of 28 dormant groups. Using existing models of interpreting outcomes to assess these historical cases demonstrates the unmet challenges of providing robust explanations for why terrorism ends and what it achieves. Third, the thesis explores the promise of a mechanism and process-led approach to explaining outcomes. It does so through in-depth examination of two historical case studies: Kach and the Aden-Abyan Islamic Army. Despite being classified as failures, using largely neglected primary sources, the case studies reveal a range of fascinating and important outcomes that still resonate in Israel and Yemen today. Most of these methodological and conceptual tools are being applied to the question of terrorism’s outcomes for only the first or second time. In doing so, this thesis offers greater depth than existing scholarship on how terrorism ends, by looking beyond measures such as success and failure in interpreting outcomes, whilst affording greater breadth through its ability to make comparative assessments at the level of mechanisms and processes. The result is a more detailed and robust set of explanations as to how terrorism ends and what it achieves, illustrated through detailed historical case studies of two interesting, yet often neglected, groups
