1,720,975 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Enhancing Cytotoxic T Cell Killing By Pten Depletion
Get PDFThe immunological synapse (IS) is a dynamic structure formed between lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells. Previous work has shown that enhancing PI3K signaling by depletion of the lipid phosphatase PTEN increases the size of the IS. In addition, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) lacking PTEN exhibit increased killing capacity in vitro. We discovered that CTL force exertion across the IS is coordinated with the release of the toxic proteins perforin and granzyme and is correlated with specific lysis of target cells. We connected these two observations and proposed a model in which T cells use mechanical force at the IS to alter the tension of the target cell plasma membrane, increasing target cell susceptibility to perforin. Adoptive T cell therapies have shown the potential to transform the treatment of some forms of cancer and are of great interest to clinicians. We hypothesized that increasing the killing efficacy of the transferred T cells would increase the effectiveness of these treatments. Accordingly, we assessed the potential of PTEN deficiency to boost anti-cancer responses in a subcutaneous transplantable tumor model. We found that depletion of PTEN in CTLs resulted in reduced tumor rejection relative to wild type control CTLs. Our work indicated that this decrease in tumor rejection stemmed from reduced persistence of PTEN deficient CTLs in vivo. We examined the contributions to persistence from migration, survival, and homeostatic proliferation. We found that PTEN deficient CTLs have reduced migration and homeostatic proliferation, which results in diminished persistence in vivo. Our work highlights the importance of migration and homeostatic proliferation in developing an anti-tumor response
Photochemical Approaches To Control Cell Surface Receptor Activation With Spatiotemporal Specificity
Get PDFOver the last decade, there have been remarkable technological advances that have revitalized the age old idea that biology is first and foremost an observational science. Nowhere has this Galisonian ideal of scientific discovery been more realized than in the study of cell biology and signaling processes that govern a cell’s functionalities. Imaging techniques, beginning with the advent of genetically encoded fluorescent proteins, to the more recent single molecule imaging techniques that allow for observation of biological processes at resolutions below the diffraction limit of light, have given scientists the ability to gaze deep into living cells and discern molecular processes. These technologies have more than ever illustrated that the cell is not merely an aqueous mixture of proteins and molecules enclosed in a lipid bilayer membrane, but rather a tightly organized structure where signaling processes can be highly anisotropic. Detailed observations of cellular processes, afforded by these new imaging techniques, have given rise to a host of new questions regarding the orchestrating mechanisms underlying complex signaling events, the answers to which require precise perturbations that induce very specific and controlled changes. Given the complex spatial organization of the cell cytoplasm and the strict temporal order of molecular signaling events, traditional experimental methods to probe and dissect cellular signal transduction suffer from major drawbacks. Genetic manipulation techniques such as knockdown, overexpression and mutation, while powerful for identifying important proteins in a given signaling circuit, are often slow and pleotropic in their effects and therefore lack the spatiotemporal specificity needed to make predictive spatial and temporal models of signaling networks. Small molecule inhibitors, when there’s good target specificity, can act fast but lack inherent spatial control due to their rapid diffusion throughout the cell cytoplasm. Light-gated protein modules and other molecules offer both spatial and temporal control of proteins’ subcellular localization and functions. Recent years have witnessed a rapid expansion of these technologies which have already begun to produce spectacular advances in the understanding of cell biology, animal physiology, and behavior. This thesis is written in two parts. The first part, consisting of one chapter, gives an overview of the current light-gated technologies to control protein functions. The second part which is divided in two separate chapters describes the development and testing of two novel technologies that make use of light to control cell surface receptors activation in a spatiotemporal specific manner. These chapters will also discuss the potential applications of these technologies to address outstanding questions in cellular signal transduction
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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