1,721,312 research outputs found
Obstacles à l'inclusion du patient dans les décisions de réanimation
No full textLe choix d’une tentative de réanimation cardio-pulmonaire est un enjeu médicoéthique auquel le médecin hospitalier est quotidiennement et inévitablement confronté. Idéalement, le choix d’un patient face à la tentative de réanimation cardio-pulmonaire est le résultat d’un processus communicationnel et décisionnel par étapes nommé projet de soins anticipé, incluant une réflexion approfondie sur les valeurs personnelles et les objectifs de vie. Savoir comment inclure le patient dans le choix d’une tentative de réanimation cardio-pulmonaire en fonction de son état clinique et de sa volonté est un défi majeur dans un contexte hospitalier caractérisé par des relations thérapeutiques médecin-malade fugaces et transitoires. Cette recherche s’est intéressé à la perspective des médecins hospitaliers tessinois. Elle a démontré une réalité caractérisée par une inclusion des patients dans les discussions sur la tentative de réanimation cardio-pulmonaire suboptimal pour plusieurs raisons et des discussions qui se font de manière concise avec une communication suggestive. Cette image claire et complète de la situation permettra de développer des mesures dans la pratique clinique qui valorisent le principes éthiques d’autonomie et de bienfaisance/non malfaisance face au choix de réanimer ou pas un patient
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Repenser le consentement éclairé dans le contexte des analyses génétiques par séquençage à haut débit
No full textLe séquençage à haut débit permet l'analyse de grands panels de gènes, de l'exome ou du génome, facilitant considérablement le diagnostic des maladies mendéliennes. Cependant, cette technique aboutit également à des résultats inattendus au sujet desquels il est crucial que les patients soient informés. Le présent travail s'intéresse au consentement éclairé des patients entreprenant une analyse par séquençage à haut débit. Nous avons, d'une part, proposé une catégorisation des résultats inattendus, basée sur leur actionnabilité. Puis, nous avons discuté des conditions rendant le choix des patients autonome et avons argumenté pour le recours à des définitions de l'autonomie plus exigeantes que celle mise en œuvre par le droit suisse, comme la version de Gerald Dworkin et de Joseph Raz. Finalement, une étude empirique a confirmé et élargi notre catégorisation de l'actionnabilité et a apporté des pistes pour améliorer le respect de l'autonomie des patients en pratique clinique
Unjust Inequality of Access to Assisted Suicide: Cases and Theory
No full textThis dissertation investigates the relationship between structural injustice, equality, and access to assisted dying. It shows that structural injustice, while mostly used in the literature on the ethics of assisted dying as an argument against legalization due to the increased vulnerability and subsequent reduced autonomy of its victims, can be used to illuminate morally problematic cases of unequal access to the procedure. Structural injustice is shown to have the potential to jeopardize access to otherwise legally eligible individuals, and thus the dissertation calls for increased attention to lawmakers in jurisdictions where legalizing aid-in-dying is being considered or where it has already been legalized in order to ensure fair and non-discriminatory practices. As such, this dissertation is located at the interface of normative political theory and bioethics.</p
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