101,822 research outputs found
Saleemul Huq (1952-2023), défenseur de la justice climatique
No full texthttps://esprit.presse.fr/actualites/This Bengali climatologist has been a spokesman for those left behind by climate change, from less developed countries and island states. As co-principal author of assessment reports for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Saleemul Huq was the promoter of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals on climate action and partnerships. In this way, he played a key role in devising global climate action, for which the IPCC was collectively awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007.Ce climatologue bengali a été le porte-parole des laissés-pour-compte du changement climatique, issus des pays moins développés et des États insulaires. Co-auteur principal de rapports d’évaluation du Groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’évolution du climat (Giec), Saleemul Huq fut le promoteur des objectifs de développement durable des Nations unies sur l’action climatique et les partenariats. Ainsi a-t-il joué un rôle essentiel dans la conception d’une action globale en faveur du climat, pour laquelle le Giec a reçu collectivement le prix Nobel de la paix en 2007
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
No full textIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
Oxygen vacancy localization and anisotropic oxygen anion transport in Sr1−xYxCoO3−δ(x = 0.1, 0.2) under solid oxide fuel cell cathode conditions
No full textIn-situ neutron diffraction was utilized to study the influence of Y-doping on the crystal structure, oxygen non-stoichiometry, and oxygen anion transport pathways in Sr1−xYxCoO3−δat temperatures and oxygen partial pressures typical of SOFC cathode conditions, from 500 °C to 800 °C, and oxygen partial pressure, pO2, between 10−3atm and 1 atm. The resulting diffraction patterns of Sr0.9Y0.1CoO3−δand Sr0.8Y0.2CoO3−δwere fit to tetragonal space groups P4/mmm and I4/mmm, respectively. While prior reports have suggested a degree of superstructuring in these materials at room temperature, our elevated temperature data demonstrates that this is not present under SOFC conditions. Both materials show similar oxygen stoichiometry with preferential oxygen vacancy formation at the equatorial sites of the Co-centered octahedra. While these equatorial sites are equivalent in Sr0.9Y0.1CoO3−δ, further vacancy localization within Sr0.8Y0.2CoO3−δleads to a structure consisting of vacancy rich and vacancy poor Co-centered octahedra alternating in the c-axis direction. Both structures suggest a sinusoidal oxygen anion transport pathway via the high vacancy sites, further localized to the alternating vacancy rich layers in Sr0.8Y0.2CoO3−δ. A secondary vacancy ordered Brownmillerite phase was observed at 600 °C and below at the lowest pO2for Sr0.9Y0.1CoO3−δ
Wave turbulence of a rotating array of quantized vortices in the T → 0 temperature limit
No full textThe dynamics of quantized vortices in the zero temperature limit is currently of great interest, particularly in the case of the Fermi superfluid He-B. Here we study wave turbulence, generated by the librating motion of a rotating cylindrical container filled with He-B, in the limit of vanishing viscous forces at temperatures . The polarization of the quantized vortices with respect to the axis of rotation is measured using non-invasive NMR techniques. We observe a decrease of the polarization when the librating motion is started, and a two-stage relaxation process when the modulation of the rotation velocity is stopped. The first relaxation process is associated with the dissipation of large-scale flow stored in inertial waves and the solid body rotation of the vortex array. From the decay of these energy reservoirs we determine the rate of energy dissipation of large-scale flow. The later second process is related to the relaxation of Kelvin waves on individual vortices. This process is monitored by the recovery of the polarization. The existence of a Kelvin wave cascade at the lowest temperatures is currently a central open question. We supply some evidence for the cascade
Effect on human cells of environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains carrying type III secretion system 2
No full textV. parahaemolyticus is an inhabitant of estuarine and marine environments that causes seafood-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. Recently, a type 3 secretion system (T3SS2) able to secrete and translocate virulence factors into the eukaryotic cell has been identified in a pathogenicity island (VP-PAI) located on the smaller chromosome. These virulence-related genes have previously been detected only in clinical strains. Classical virulence genes for this species (tdh/trh) are rarely detected in environmental strains which are usually considered to lack virulence potential. However, during screening of a collection of environmental V. parahaemolyticus isolates obtained in the North Adriatic Sea in Italy, a number of marine strains carrying virulence-related genes, including genes involved in the T3SS2, were detected. In this study we investigated the pathogenic potential of these marine V. parahaemolyticus strains by studying their adherence ability, their cytotoxicity, their effect on zonula occludin protein1 (ZO-1) of the tight junctions and their effect on transepithelial resistance (TER) in infected Caco-2 cells. By performing a reverse transcription-PCR we also tested the expression of the T3SS2 genes vopT and vopB2 encoding an effector and a translocon protein, respectively. Our results indicate that, similarly to clinical strains, marine V. parahaemolyticus strains carrying vopT, vopB2 and other genes included in the VP-PAI are capable of adhering to human cells and of causing cytoskeletal disruption and loss of membrane integrity in infected cells. On the basis of data here presented, environmental V. parahaemolyticus strains should be included in coastal water surveillance plans as they may represent a risk for human health
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