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A Study on the Relationship between Emotional Labor and Burnout: Using Teacher Self-efficacy and Personality as Moderators
No full text教育是國家進步的原動力，而教育的執行者為教師，社會對教師在情緒的表現上有一定的要求，使得教師被歸類為高情緒勞務的一種工作，而教師的情緒問題與其所導致的工作倦怠對教學品質與學子的學習狀況有相當大的影響，對於國家教育與未來發展影響甚深。有鑑於此，本研究首先探討情緒勞務對工作倦怠的影響，再以教師自我效能與人格特質為調節變項，探討其對情緒勞務與工作倦怠關係之調節現象。經由實證分析，本研究之主要發現如下： 1. 教師之情緒勞務對工作倦怠有正向影響。當教師被要求表現出符合社會期待的情緒表現時，其情緒勞務負荷越高，則所造成的工作倦怠程度越高。 2. 教師自我效能中，教學策略效能、班級經營效能、學生參與效能對情緒勞務與工作倦怠之關係皆有正向的調節現象。透過培養教師對教學策略、班級經營、學生參與等方面的自信，能有效的降低教師工作倦怠的程度。然而，高教師自我效能者在情緒勞務上升時，工作倦怠攀升的程度會較低效能者更快。 3. 人格特質中，親和性對情緒勞務與工作倦怠之關係有正向的調節現象。教育單位或校方於甄選教職員時應以適當之衡量方式挑選最適合之人選。高親和性之教師工作倦怠程度較低，但於情緒勞務負荷攀升時，工作倦怠感上升的程度會較低親和性的教師高。 4. 人格特質中，神經質傾向對情緒勞務與工作倦怠之關係有負向的調節現象。低神經質傾向之教師工作倦怠程度較低，但於情緒勞務負荷上升時，其工作倦怠程度攀升的速度會較高神經質傾向的教師快。Education is the source of motivation of the country. Teachers, the executor of education, are often requested to show appropriate emotions by the society, which makes teacher a high emotional labor job. Also, a teacher’s emotional problems and the burnouts caused by these problems often have a great influence on teaching quality and the learning situation of students. For these purposes, this study examined the relationship between emotional labor and burnout firstly. Then use teacher self-efficacy and personality as moderators to discuss the moderating effect. The result indicated the following conclusions: 1. A teacher’s emotional labor and burnout has a positive relationship. When teachers are asked to perform expected emotional expressions, the higher the burden of emotional labor, the higher the level of burnout. 2. Under teacher self-efficacy, efficacy of instructional strategies, classroom management and student engagement all have a positive moderating effect in the relationship between emotional labor and burnout. Through cultivating a teacher’s confidence in these three aspects, the level of burnout of the teacher can be effectively decreased. However, when emotional labor rises, the increasing rate of burnout level of a high-efficacy teacher tend to be faster than that of a low-efficacy teacher. 3. Under the big five personalities, agreeableness has a positive moderating effect in the relationship between emotional labor and burnout. Authorities concerned should use a proper way to choose suitable teachers. With high agreeableness, the level of burnout tends to be lower. However, when emotional labor rises, the increasing rate of burnout level of a high-agreeableness teacher tend to be faster than that of a low-agreeableness teacher. 4. Under the big five personalities, neuroticism has a negative moderating effect in the relationship between emotional labor and burnout. With low neuroticism, the level of burnout tends to be lower. However, when emotional labor rises, the increasing rate of burnout level of a low-neuroticism teacher tend to be faster than that of a high-neuroticism teacher
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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