1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Ett kontraktspråk för modulär specifikation och verifikation av temporala egenskaper
No full textDeductive software verification is used to prove correctness of programs with respect to contracts. Contracts are commonly expressed on procedures of a program using Hoare logic. Such contracts consist of a precondition, specifying a condition that must hold before the procedure is executed, and a postcondition which specifies what is guaranteed in return. A contract can be considered an agreement between the user of a procedure and its developer. It is important that the process of verifying that the procedures of a program satisfy their respective contracts is scalable. Scalability can be achieved by making sure verification is procedure-modular, which means that every procedure call can be replaced by the contract of the called procedure directly instead of being evaluated. The axioms of Hoare logic makes it a good basis for procedure-modular reasoning. But Hoare logic is not well-suited for reasoning about a procedure’s behaviour over a sequence of states. The stated questions are how a contract language for specifying such temporal properties can be designed, and how a procedure can be verified to satisfy contracts expressed in such a contract language in a procedure-modular way. To answer the question, a simple programming language with procedures is presented first. The intent is that contracts are expressed on programs written in this programming language. Two contract languages are presented. It is shown how contracts can be formulated in these languages to specify temporal properties of procedures, and how procedures can be verified to satisfy such temporal contracts. The first contract language is limited in terms of its expressivity, but its contracts can be automatically verified. The second language can be used to express more complex properties, but its verification problem turns out to be undecidable. Alternative approaches to its verification problem are discussed.Deduktiv mjukvaruverifikation används för att bevisa korrekthet av program med avseende på kontrakt. Kontrakt uttrycks ofta på procedurer i ett program med användning av Hoare-logik. Sådana kontrakt består av ett förvillkor som specificerar ett villkor som måste gälla innan proceduren exekveras och ett eftervillkor som uttrycker vad som garanteras i gengäld. Ett kontrakt kan ses som en överenskommelse mellan användaren av en procedur och dess utvecklare. Det är viktigt att det på ett skalbart sätt går att verifiera att procedurer i ett program uppfyller deras respektive kontrakt. Skalbarhet kan uppnås genom att se till att verifikationen är procedur-modulär, vilket innebär att varje proceduranrop direkt ersätts med kontraktet som tillhör den anropade proceduren i stället för att proceduranropet utvärderas. Hoare-logikens axiom gör den till en bra grund för procedur-modulära resonemang. Men Hoare-logik är inte välanpassad för att resonera kring en procedurs beteende under en sekvens av tillstånd. Frågorna som ställs är hur ett kontraktspråk för att specificera sådana temporala egenskaper kan utformas samt hur en procedur kan verifieras att uppfylla kontrakt uttryckta i ett sådant kontraktspråk på ett procedur-modulärt sätt. För att besvara frågan presenteras först ett enkelt programmeringsspråk med procedurer. Syftet är att kontrakt uttrycks på program skrivna i detta programspråk. Två kontraktspråk presenteras. Det visas hur kontrakt kan formuleras i dessa språk för att specificera temporala egenskaper av procedurer samt hur procedurer kan verifieras att uppfylla sådana temporala kontrakt. Det första kontraktspråket är begränsat med avseende på dess uttrycksfullhet, men dess kontrakt kan automatiskt verifieras. Det andra språket kan användas för att uttrycka mer komplicerade egenskaper, men dess verifikationsproblem visar sig vara oavgörbart. Alternativa tillvägagångssätt för att hantera dess verifikationsproblem diskuteras
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
