1,721,135 research outputs found
Application of Addawa’ul Humma Preparation for the Treatment of Typhoid Fever
No full textThe study assessed the efficacy of Addawa’ul humma for the treatment of typhoid fever. Addawau’l humma is a name given to a herbal preparation consisting of (Mango, Neem, Orange, Lemons, and Guava extract). The preparation was tested and compare with the standard drug Ciprofloxacin as control experiment. Results of phytochemical screening showed the presence of Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Tannins, Glycosides, Anthraquinone, Saponins and Steroid. There is no significance difference between Addawa’ul humma and the standard drug Ciproflxacin (P<0.05). However, the physicochemical analysis result of Addawa’ul humma shows that it has the highest concentration of phosphate and sulphate (0.72 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg respectively). Results of the FT-IR indicated that the preparation consists of unsaturated with Alkanol functional group plus additional carbonyl group as shown by the FT-IR Spectra
Humma-yi Yevmī Ismāʿīl D̲j̲urd̲j̲ānī’s Work Entitled Dhakhīra-i Khwārazmshāhī
Get PDFOrtaçağ İslam dünyasında ve tıp alanındaki çalışmalarda umumiyetle ateşlik hastalıkları ifade etmek için kullanılan humma çeşitli sebeplerle ortaya çıkan bir hastalık türüdür. Vücutta oluşan alerjik reaksiyonlar, ağrılar, açlık ve susuzluk, güneş çarpması ve kokuşmuş sular gibi pek çok sebep hummanın ortaya çıkmasına neden olur. Bununla birlikte hummanın belirtileri de tedavileri de değişir. Nitekim farklı türleri olan hummanın her türünün tanımı, belirtileri ve uygulanan tedavileri birbirinden farklılık arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada hummanın bir türü olan humma-yi yevmî yani günlük humma İslam tıbbının en önemli isimlerinden ve Hârizmşahlar döneminin meşhur hekim ve cerrahı Seyyîd İsmâil Cürcânî’nin (ö. 531/1137) Farsça ilk tıp ansiklopedisi kabul edilen Ẕaḫîre-i Ḫârizmşâhî (Hârizmşah’ın Hazinesi) adlı eseri üzerinden incelenmiştir. Müellif 5. Kitapta 27 bab halinde anlattığı günlük hummanın tanımı, belirtileri ve tedavileri konularında oldukça faydalı bilgiler verir. Öyle ki bu bilgilerin çoğu bugün dahi güncelliğini korumakta ve modern tıp uygulamaları için yol gösterici olmaktadır.Bu çalışmada Ẕaḫîre-i Ḫârizmşâhî üzerinden Ortaçağ dünyasının en yaygın hastalıklarından biri olan hummanın izi sürülecek ve tıp çalışmalarında yeterince teveccüh gösterilmemiş bu eserin önemi ortaya koyulmaya çalışılacaktır
LANCL2 and ERRα Interaction and Functional Collaboration in Cardiomyocytes
No full textAbscisic acid (ABA), a terpenoid phytohormone classically associated with plant stress responses, has emerged as an endogenous mammalian hormone with a conserved role in energy metabolism and immune regulation. In mammals, ABA modulates glucose homeostasis, mitochondrial function, and oxidative metabolism through its receptors, lanthionine synthetase C–like proteins LANCL1 and LANCL2. The orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is a master transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolic flexibility in tissues with high energetic demand, including muscle and immune cells. Although both ABA/LANCL signaling and ERRα independently control cellular energy metabolism, their potential functional interplay has not been previously investigated. The objective of this doctoral research was to investigate the molecular and functional collaboration between the ABA/LANCL hormone–receptor system and ERRα signaling in cardiomyocytes and immune cells, with particular emphasis on nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, mitochondrial function, and transcriptional regulation. By integrating cellular, molecular, biochemical, and advanced imaging approaches, this study aimed to investigate the possible role of ERRα as a downstream effector of ABA/LANCL signaling and to explore the relevance of this axis in both metabolic and immune contexts.
Using rat embryonic H9c2 cardiomyocytes as a cell model, ABA stimulation and genetic modulation of LANCL1/2 expression were combined with ERRα silencing or overexpression. ROS production was quantified using H2DCFDA and mitochondrial superoxide–specific MitoSOXTM assays, while NO signaling was evaluated through analysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. Transcriptional and protein-level changes were assessed by qPCR and Western blotting. Confocal microscopy and FRET–FLIM imaging were employed to investigate the subcellular localization and physical proximity of LANCL2 and ERRα, providing evidence of their spatial and functional association. In parallel, recombinant human ERRα was expressed and purified in Escherichia coli and reintroduced by plasmid transfection into LANCL2-overexpressing cardiomyocytes to validate causality in signaling responses. The results demonstrate that the ABA/LANCL1–2 system regulates NO and ROS metabolism in cardiomyocytes through an ERRα-dependent mechanism. ABA stimulation enhanced eNOS transcription and NO production, while concomitantly limiting excessive ROS generation, thereby promoting a metabolically efficient and redox-balanced phenotype. ERRα silencing significantly blunted these effects, establishing ERRα as a critical mediator of ABA/LANCL signaling. Confocal and FRET–FLIM analyses revealed co-localization and close molecular interaction between LANCL2 and ERRα in H9c2 supporting the existence of a functional signaling hub linking membrane-associated ABA perception to nuclear transcriptional control of mitochondrial metabolism. To extend these findings to the immune system, LANCL2 expression was selectively silenced or increased in human CD14+ monocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). These experiments confirmed the feasibility of modulating the ABA/LANCL axis in immune cells and provided initial evidence that LANCL2 expression levels influence cellular metabolic and signaling competence, consistent with the established role of ERRα in immune cell activation and metabolic reprogramming. Together, these data suggest that the ABA/LANCL–ERRα axis represents a conserved metabolic signaling pathway operative in both cardiomyocytes and immune cells.
In conclusion, this thesis identifies ERRα as a novel downstream effector and functional partner of the ABA/LANCL hormone–receptor system, linking extracellular metabolic cues to transcriptional programs controlling mitochondrial function, redox homeostasis, and energy metabolism. These findings provide new mechanistic insight into insulin-independent, ABA-mediated metabolic regulation and highlight the ABA/LANCL–ERRα axis as a promising therapeutic target for metabolic disorders, cardiomyopathies, and immune-metabolic dysregulation. Future perspectives include in vivo validation of this signaling pathway, exploration of its role in blood glucose homeostatis, metabolic and inflammatory diseases, and the development of pharmacological or nutraceutical strategies aimed at selectively modulating ERRα activity downstream of ABA signaling
An appraisal of Unani fundamentals in the management of Humma (fever)
No full textThe fever has been described in Unani System of Medicine in a very elaborative manner. Besides controlling raised body temperature, the management also comprises other measures to achieve holistic treatment. The basic modes of treatment viz. Ilaj bil Ghiza (dietotherapy), Ilaj bil Tadbeer (regimenal therapy) and Ilaj bil Dawa (pharmacotherapy) are taken into account as per the basic principles of treatment in Unani medicine. Use of cold water and other drinks (mashroob) reduces body temperature, while use of easily digestible and jayyadul kemoos diet like maul asl, ma’ul shaeer, kashak-us-shaeer, aash-e-jau etc. are given in small amounts, just to provide strength to tabiát and to avoid further increase in morbid matter. Various types of drug used to manage different kinds of fever are Dafe Humma, Muarriqat, Musaffiyat wa Muaddilat, Mubarridat wa Musakkinat, Mudirrat, Muqawwi Kabid and Mufarrehat.
Keywords: Humma, Fever, Unani, Management, Basic Principle
Role of Abscisic Acid in the Whole-Body Regulation of Glucose Uptake and Metabolism
No full textAbscisic acid (ABA) is a hormone with a long evolutionary history, dating back to the earliest living organisms, of which modern (ABA-producing) cyanobacteria are likely descendants, which existed long before the separation of the plant and animal kingdoms, with a conserved role as signals regulating cell responses to environmental challenges. In mammals, along with the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective function of ABA, nanomolar ABA regulates the metabolic response to glucose availability by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue via an insulin-independent mechanism and increasing metabolic energy production and also dissipation in brown and white adipocytes. Chronic ABA intake of micrograms per Kg body weight improves blood glucose, lipids, and morphometric parameters (waist circumference and body mass index) in borderline subjects for prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. This review summarizes the most recent in vitro and in vivo data obtained with nanomolar ABA, the involvement of the receptors LANCL1 and LANCL2 in the hormone’s action, and the importance of mammals’ endowment with two distinct hormones governing the metabolic response to glucose availability. Finally, unresolved issues and future directions for the clinical use of ABA in diabetes are discussed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
