1,721,010 research outputs found
Cost optimisation of supermarket refrigeration system with hybrid model
No full textRefrigeration systems based on vapour compression cycle are one of the largest energy consumers in supermarkets. In this paper a hybrid model of a refrigeration system is developed, in order to estimate the benefits of energy optimisation measures. The refrigeration model comprises the refrigerated display case dynamics, food products dynamics, evaporation model, and ice formation model, and is further extended with the discrete events that are typical for normal operation of a refrigeration system (i.e. customer interactions, product refilling, defrosting). Model parameters are identified from the measured data, equipment specifications and estimations of some conditions in a supermarket case study. The simulation software AnyLogic is used to realise an agent-based model of the display case that allows us to extend the model to the entire store-wide refrigeration system. The analysis demonstrates the use of the model for system optimisation purposes. The defrosting schedule of a single display case as well as for the complete store is optimised considering the overall running costs, food quality, and maximum peak power. Moreover, several energy optimisation measures are compared and evaluated in terms of their contribution to the overall savings and food quality degradation
Evaluation of a building management system in reference to smart readiness indicator
No full textMagistrska naloga obravnava indikator pripravljenosti na pametne sisteme SRI, ki omogoča ocenjevanje zmogljivosti zgradbe ali stavbne enote za prilagoditev njenega delovanja potrebam uporabnika in omrežja ter izboljšanje njene energijske učinkovitosti in splošne učinkovitosti med uporabo. Vključuje funkcije za večje prihranke energije, primerjalno analizo in prožnost ter izboljšane funkcionalnosti in zmogljivosti, ki jih zagotavljajo bolj medsebojno povezane in inteligentne naprave. Oceno pripravljenosti za pametne sisteme je možno izboljšati z uporabo sistemov za upravljanje zgradb. Namen te naloge je ovrednotenje zmogljivosti izbranega sistema za upravljanje zgradb z vidika indikatorja pripravljenosti na pametne sisteme.
Osrednji del magistrske naloge predstavljajo izračuni ocen pripravljenosti na pametne sisteme. Ti so izvedeni na treh različnih primerih dvonadstropne stanovanjske hiše, ki vključuje različne tehnične stavbne sisteme in izbrani sistem za upravljanje zgradb. Izračuni so izvedeni v skladu z SRI metodologijo ocenjevanja, ki temelji na ocenjevanju funkcionalnih nivojev pametnih storitev in izraža pripravljenost zgradb na pametne sisteme na podlagi vnaprej opredeljenih ključnih pametnih funkcionalnosti, vplivnih kategorij in tehničnih domen. Rezultati posameznih SRI ocen pričajo o maksimalni stopnji pripravljenosti na pametne sisteme, ki jo lahko dosežemo z izbranim sistemom za upravljanje zgradb. Ugotovitve kažejo, da se izbrani sistem najslabše odreže na področju energijske prilagodljivosti, ki vključuje tudi udeležbo zgradbe pri odzivu na povpraševanje. Na podlagi primerjalne analize rezultatov je ovrednoten tudi vpliv metodologije ocenjevanja na rezultate posameznih SRI ocen. V zadnjem delu magistrske naloge je opravljena analiza zmogljivosti izbranega sistema za upravljanje zgradb z vidika nivojev funkcionalnosti posameznih SRI storitev. Izpostavljene in predlagane so tehnične izboljšave sistema, ki bodo vodile k doseganju višje ocene indikatorja pripravljenosti na pametne sisteme.The master\u27s thesis discusses the smart readiness indicator SRI which enables the assessment of the capabilities of a building or building unit to adapt its operation to the needs of the occupant and the grid and to improve its energy efficiency and overall in-use performance. It includes features for increased energy savings, benchmarking and flexibility, and enhanced functionalities and capabilities provided by more interconnected and intelligent devices. Smart readiness score can be improved by the use of building management systems. The purpose of this master\u27s thesis is to evaluate the performance of the selected building management system about smart readiness indicator.
The central part of the master\u27s thesis represents assessment calculations of smart readiness scores. These calculations are performed on three different examples of a two-story residential building, which includes different technical building systems and a selected building management system. The calculations are carried out following the SRI evaluation methodology which is based on the assessment of functionality levels of smart services and expresses the smart readiness of buildings along predefined key functionalities, impact criteria, and technical domains. Results of individual SRI assessments show the maximum level of smart readiness that can be achieved with the selected building management system. Findings show that the selected system performs the worst in the field of energy flexibility which also includes the building\u27s participation in demand response. Based on the comparative analysis of the results, the impact of the assessment methodology on the results of individual SRI assessments is also evaluated. In the last part of the master\u27s thesis, the performance analysis of the selected building management system is performed with reference to the functionality levels of individual SRI services. Technical improvements of the system are highlighted and proposed, which will lead to achieving a higher smart readiness indicator score
Speech-to-text and foreign language translation tools for pedagogical process
No full textNamen diplomskega dela je raziskava in primerjava orodij za pretvorbo govora v besedilo in prevod v tuje jezike, s ciljem uporabe pri pedagoškem procesu. Orodje, ki bi to funkcijo zadovoljivo opravljalo, bi se lahko uporabljalo za študente na mednarodnih izmenjavah, ki še ne zmorejo slediti predavanjem v jeziku gostiteljske države.
V prvem delu diplomskega dela je opisan razvoj orodij za razpoznavo in pretvorbo govora od najstarejših sistemov do najnovejših tehnologij, kot sta Alexa in Siri. Predstavljen je tudi razvoj orodij za strojni prevod v tuje jezike – od začetnih prevodov s pomočjo slovarjev do najbolj sodobnega načina prevoda, ki deluje s pomočjo nevronskega omrežja.
V nadaljevanju je razloženo delovanje orodij za pretvorbo govora in prevod. Poglobimo se v tri orodja, tj. orodje Google Dokumenti s funkcijo glasovnega tipkanja, orodje Google Prevajalnik s funkcijo pogovornega načina in tolmač Online Notes. Zadnjega je razvila skupina raziskovalcev pod vodstvom Fakultete za računalništvo in informatiko v sodelovanju s Centrom za jezikovne vire in tehnologije Univerze v Ljubljani.
Po predstavitvi vseh treh orodij je prikazana uspešnost njihovega delovanja. Navedene so specifikacije ocenjenih posnetkov in končni rezultati meritev. V analitičnem delu so prikazana opažanja pri izvajanju testov in praktični primeri napak razpoznave govora in prevoda. Iz rezultatov je razvidno, da se orodja pri prevodu tehniških in naravoslovnih predavanj izkažejo veliko slabše kot pri prevodu družboslovnih predavanj.
Za konec je narejena primerjava uporabnosti vseh treh orodij. Ugotovimo, da sta najbolj komercialni orodji še najmanj primerni za uporabo v pedagoškem procesu.The aim of this thesis is to investigate and compare tools for speech-to-text conversion and foreign language translation in the teaching process. A tool that performs this function correctly enough could be used for people studying abroad, who have not yet fully mastered the language of the lecturers.
The first part of the thesis describes the development of speech recognition and conversion tools from the oldest systems to the latest technologies, such as Alexa and Siri. This is followed by a presentation of the development of tools for machine translation into foreign languages – from the initial translations using dictionaries to the most modern translation method using a neural network.
The following section explains how speech-to-text conversion and translation tools work. We look at all three tools discussed in the thesis, i.e., Google Docs with voice typing, Google Translate with conversation mode and Online Notes. The latter was developed by a team of researchers led by the Faculty of Computer and Information Science in collaboration with the Centre for Language Resources and Technologies of the University of Ljubljana.
After the presentation of the three tools, we see the success of their performance. We are given the specifications of the evaluated recordings followed by the results of the usage tests.
In the analytical part, observations from the tests and practical examples of speech recognition and translation errors are presented. It is evident that the tools perform much worse in the translation of science-based than social-based lectures.
Finally, a comparison of the usability of the three tools is made. We find that the two most commercial tools are the least suitable for pedagogical use
Identification of batteries for distributors for peak shifting or adjusting to more favorable electricity prices
No full textIdeja za nalogo se je porodila iz izvornega problema današnjega časa. Zaradi podnebnih sprememb je vse več podjetij usmerjeno na zeleni prehod. Na vseh področij je treba korenito spremeniti pogled na uporabo virov z zamenjavo z alternativnimi viri trajnostnega razvoja. Električna energija dandanes porablja veliko naravnih virov, za katere se pričakuje v bližnji prihodnosti pomanjkanje in izraba. Fosilne, plinske in bencinske vire pridobivanja električne energije že dobro nadomeščajo sončne celice in tudi drugi alternativni viri. Temelj naše naloge bo, kako lahko od sončne svetlobe pridobimo energijo, uporabno za končne uporabnike. Končni cilj in rezultat, ki ga želimo doseči, bo premik konic ali bolje rečeno zadovoljiti potrebam porabe k ugodnejšim cenam.
V uvodu bodo na kratko opisani problem, definicija in morebitne nove, izpopolnjene rešitve, ki bi lahko prišle v poštev v prihodnosti poleg že obstoječih. Zaradi vse večjega povpraševanja sončnih elektrarn prihaja v ospredje tesno povezana oprema, baterije na eni strani, ki se jih bo v prihodnje vse več uporabljalo. Trenutni trend kaže, da jih uporablja samo okoli 25 %. Na drugi strani, tako imenovani razsmerniki električne energije, ki skrbijo za pretvorbo izvorne enosmerne energije, ki jih pridobivajo sončne celice, do izmenične električne energije, ki jih potrebujejo viri porabnikov v domovih.
Jedro bo zato namenjeno baterijam in razsmernikom. Naštete bodo vse lastnosti in tipi potrebne opreme, celice in materiali, povezave, montaža in standardi.
V zaključku bo zaobjeta identifikacija potrebne opreme (baterije in razsmernikov) za naše zahteve in tudi uporaba za distributerje. Izvedena bo analiza, rezultati in učinkovitost izbranega sistema, za katerega sem se odločil.The idea arises from the root problem of our times. Climate change is driving more and more companies towards the green transition. In all areas, there is a need to radically change the way we look at resource use by replacing it with alternative sources of sustainable development. Electricity as such, today consumes a lot of natural resources that are expected to become scarce and to be used up in the near future. Instead of fossil, gas and petrol sources of electricity generation, solar panels and other alternative sources are already well substituted. How to extract usable energy from sunlight that can be used by end-users will be the basis of this debate. The ultimate goal and result we want to achieve will be to shift peaks, or rather to meet consumption needs, towards more affordable prices.
The introduction will briefly describe the problem, the definition and possible new and improved solutions that could be considered in the future in addition to the existing ones. The increasing demand for solar power plants is leading to the development of closely coupled equipment, batteries on the one hand, which will be used more and more in the future. The current trend shows that only around 25% use them. On the other hand, so-called inverters (power-splitters), which take care of converting the original DC power generated by solar panels to the AC power needed by the consumer\u27s sources in the home.
The core will therefore be dedicated to batteries and direction indicators. It will list all the features and types of equipment needed, cells and materials, connections, installation, standards.
Finally, the identification of the necessary equipment (batteries and inverters) for our requirements and also the use for distributors will be covered. The analysis, results and performance of the selected system will be carried out
Smart home management
No full textHiter razvoj tehnologije je prinesel koncept pametnih domov, kjer so različni gospodinjski
aparati medsebojno povezani, kar uporabnikom omogoča avtomatizacijo in nadzor z nekaj
dotiki na pametnem telefonu.
V diplomski nalogi smo s pomočjo podjetja EL-KK d. o. o. raziskovali vključevanje pametnih
naprav v upravljanje pametnih domov in prednosti, izzive ter prihodnje možnosti sistemov za
pametni dom, ki jih nadzorujemo s telefoni. Z analizo trenutnih tehnologij, uporabniških
vmesnikov, varnostnih vprašanj in potencialnih trendov smo ponudili celovit vpogled v
revolucionaren vpliv pametnih naprav na avtomatizacijo doma.
Z razvojem sodobne tehnologije se je način načrtovanja in interakcije z domovi bistveno
spremenil. Tradicionalni sistemi ožičenja, ki so gospodinjstvom služili desetletja, so zdaj
dopolnjeni ali zamenjani s pametnimi rešitvami ožičenja. Opisali bomo razlike med
funkcionalnostmi, prednostmi in slabostmi tradicionalnega in pametnega ožičenja ter njun
vpliv na energetsko učinkovitost, udobje in prihodnost avtomatizacije domov.
Razvoj tehnologije pametnih domov lastnikom ponuja večje udobje, varnost in energetsko
učinkovitost, vendar ta premik odpira vprašanje, kako se cene pametnih domov primerjajo s
klasičnimi domovi. Vrsti domov smo primerjali z vidika finančne posledice uporabe
tehnologije, začetne naložbe, dolgoročnih prihrankov in trendov na trgu .
S pojavom tehnologije pametnih domov se je preoblikoval naš vsakdan, pri čemer
avtomatizacija doma predstavlja vodilni del te revolucije. Pametni domovi izkoriščajo
povezljivost interneta, napredne senzorje in sofisticirano programsko opremo. Dodali bomo
tudi nekaj najbolj pogostih vprašanj glede pametnih domov in njihove odgovore.The rapid advancement of technology has introduced the concept of smart homes, in which
various household appliances are interconnected, enabling users to automate and control them with just a few taps on a smartphone.
This thesis, carried out in collaboration with EL-KK d. o. o., examines the integration of smart
devices into smart home management, highlighting their benefits, challenges, and future
potential when controlled via mobile applications. Through an analysis of current technologies, user interfaces, security considerations, and emerging trends, the study provides a comprehensive insight into the transformative impact of smart devices on home automation.
The evolution of modern technology has fundamentally changed the way homes are designed
and interacted with. Traditional wiring systems, which have served households for decades, are increasingly being supplemented or replaced by smart wiring solutions. This paper outlines the differences in functionality, advantages, and disadvantages of traditional versus smart wiring, and evaluates their impact on energy efficiency, comfort, and the future of home automation.
While smart home technology offers homeowners increased convenience, security, and energy efficiency, it also raises questions regarding cost-effectiveness compared to conventional homes. The thesis compares both types in terms of financial implications, initial investment, long-term savings, and market trends.
With the rise of smart home technology, everyday life has undergone a significant
transformation, with home automation emerging as a central aspect of this shift. Smart homes leverage internet connectivity, advanced sensors, and sophisticated software to enhance living environments. The thesis also addresses frequently asked questions about smart homes, providing clear and informative answers
Strategies for optimization of electric energy consumption costs of refrigeration technique in shopping centers
Full text linkZaradi rastočih stroškov porabe električne energije je iskanju optimalnega upravljanja hladilne tehnike v nakupovalnih središčih v zadnjem času posvečeno veliko pozornosti. Celostno rešitev predstavlja združitev več nakupovalnih središč v zaključeno celoto, vodeno z nadzornega sistema, znotraj katerega se glede na definirane strategije vršijo optimizacijski algoritmi.
V magistrskem delu so definirane, ocenjene in na primeru obstoječih nakupovalnih središč ovrednotene strategije za optimizacijo stroškov porabe električne energije hladilne tehnike. Temeljijo na analizi energijske porabe, upoštevajoč lastne in pridobljene meritve. Izvedena je primerjava obračuna električne energije po enotni in dvojni tarifi.
Ocenjeno je 30,2 % znižanje v porabi električne energije hladilne tehnike. V primeru dvotarifnega obračuna je predvsem zaradi omogočenega časovnega zamikanja delovanja kompresorjev, za katero je izdelan optimizacijski algoritem, doseženih dodatnih 6,9 % prihrankov v denarju.Due to the increasing costs associated with electric energy consumption major concern has lately been paid to ensure optimal refrigeration technique operation in shopping centers. An integral solution is accomplished by connecting numerous shopping centers into a completed whole controlled by a central system where optimization algorithms are run based on the defined strategies.
This thesis defines and evaluates strategies for optimization of electric energy consumption costs of refrigeration technique. The strategies are based on the analysis of electric energy consumption regarding the measurements performed and obtained from existing shopping centers. Comparison between flat rate and time-based pricing is included.
A 30,2 % decrease in electric energy consumption of refrigeration technique is achieved. In case of time-based pricing additional 6,9 % money is saved, mostly because of the enabled compressor operation time shifting for which an optimization algorithm is built
Energy efficiency of 5G mobile networks
Full text linkTrenutno stanje tehnologije 5G mobilnih omrežij je v zgodnjih fazah razvoja. Veliko podjetij in univerz je ustanovilo raziskovalne skupine, ki razvijajo tehnologije, katere bo moč uporabiti pri izgradnji pete generacije mobilnih omrežij. Prav tako se pomembnosti razvoja pete generacije mobilnih omrežij zavedajo skupine zadolžene za standardizacijo (angl. Third Generation Partnership Project - 3GPP). Nove tehnologije, ki se bodo uporabljale v peti generaciji mobilnih omrežij, se bodo začele postopoma pojavljati in uporabljati v četrti generaciji mobilnih omrežij.
Poleg visokih prenosnih hitrosti, zmanjšanja zakasnitev na manj kot 1 ms uporabe centimetrskega in milimetrskega frekvenčnega spektra nam omrežje pete generacije prinaša ogromno novosti na področju brezžičnih komunikacij, industrije ter osebnih navad uporabnikov. Z uvedbo 5G omrežij se predvideva, da bo promet v brezžičnih omrežjih narasel za 10.000 krat, prav tako se predvideva, da bo naraslo število naprav, ki se bodo posluževale novega omrežja. Največja novost bo uporaba heterogenih baznih postaj ter delitev na komunikacije na prostem in znotraj zgradb.
Diplomska naloga opisuje peto generacijo mobilnih omrežij. Uvodni del kratko predstavi razvoj 5G omrežja, razdelitev razvoja omrežja na štiri faze in umestitev celotnega projekta 5G omrežja med leti 2012 in 2020. V nadaljevanju so predstavljene potencialne tehnologije za omogočanje doseganja zahtev omrežja 5G ter možne rešitve na področju arhitekture 5G omrežja. Osredotočil sem se tudi pomembna problematika energetske učinkovitosti 5G omrežja. Predstavljena so tudi heterogena mobilna omrežja in problem optimalne porazdelitve baznih postaj v njih.
Za realizacijo praktičnega dela diplomske naloge sem napisal skripto v programskem orodju Matlab. Skripta mi je bila v pomoč pri matematičnih izračunih in pridobivanju rezultatov ter ugotavljanju optimalne porazdelitve baznih postaj v heterogenih mobilnih omrežjih.Technologies for 5G mobile networks are in early stages of development. Many businesses and universities have established research groups which are developing technologies that will be used in the construction of fifth generation mobile networks. There are also groups (3GPP) that are responsible for the standardization of fifth generation of mobile networks. New technologies that will be used in the fifth generation of mobile networks will begin to emerge gradually and will be also used in fourth generation mobile networks.
In addition to the high transmission speed, reduced latency to less than 1 ms and the use of centimeter and millimeter frequency spectrum of a network. The fifth generation brings a lot of innovations in the field of wireless communications, industry and personal habits of users. With the introduction of 5G networks, it is assumed that traffic in wireless networks will grow 10,000 times. The increase in number of devices that will use the new network is also expected. The biggest innovation is use of heterogeneous base stations and divisions of communication on those that take place inside buildings and those that take place outside.
Thesis describes the fifth generation mobile networks. Introductory part describes the development of the 5G network and the distribution of development in four phases and places the entire project of development 5G networks between years 2012 and 2020. In the following chapters are presented potential of the technology to permit the achievement of a 5G network requirements and possible solutions in the field of architecture of 5G networks. Also is presented an important issue of energy efficiency in 5G networks. There are also presented heterogeneous mobile networks and problem of the optimal distribution of base stations in heterogeneous mobile networks.
For realization of the practical part of the thesis I wrote a script in Matlab programming tool. The script helped me with mathematical calculations, obtaining results and determining the optimal distribution of base stations in heterogeneous mobile networks
User experience with smart-home in networks with various characteristics
Full text linkEden izmed načinov za upravljanje sistemov inteligentnih domov je uporaba uporabniških vmesnikov. Z njimi lahko upravljamo inteligentni dom povsod, kjer imamo na voljo internetno povezavo. Različni parametri omrežja s katerim smo povezani, lahko povzročajo slabšo odzivnost sistema, zato pa nastane problem, saj potrebujemo odziv v realnem času.
V diplomski nalogi so predstavljeni rezultati testiranja odzivov uporabnikov na simulacije inteligentnega doma pri različnih vrednostih prametrov omrežja. Parametri, ki smo jih spreminjali so bili: zakasnitve, potresavanje, napake in izgube. Testiranja so bila opravljena v treh omrežjih, in sicer: ADSL, Wi-Fi in 3G.
Za izvedbo testiranj smo uporabili simuliralator inteligentnega doma in računalnik, na katerem sta bili naloženi aplikacija za upravljanje sistema in emulator omrežja, s katerim smo spreminjali parametre omrežja.One of the ways to control intelligent home systems is with the use of user interfaces. They can be controlled from anywhere, if there is internet connection available. Various parameters of the network to which we are connected can reduce the responsiveness of the system. This causes problems since we need a system response in real time.
This thesis presents test results involving user responses to smart home simulations for different values of the network parameters. The changing parameters were: delay, jitter, error and loss. Tests were carried out in three networks: ADSL, Wi-Fi and 3G.
For the implementation of the tests, an intelligent home simulator and a computer, having an application for controlling intelligent home system and a network emulator for changing network parameters installed, were used
Controlling Irrigation Systems trough a Smart Home Application
Full text linkV diplomskem delu sem predstavil nekatere možnosti, ki jih ponuja Internet pri razvoju komunikacijskih omrežij. Predvsem me je zanimal razvoj IoT ( Internet of things) omrežja, ki povezuje fizične objekte z vgrajeno najnovejšo tehnologijo. Ti objekti so lahko stavbe, avtomobili ali pa cela mesta. Med seboj komunicirajo in si izmenjujejo podatke na način, ki omogoča ekonomičnost, varnost in varčevanje z energijo. Strokovnjaki ocenjujejo, da bo že v tem desetletju število objektov povezanih v omrežje IoT doseglo nekaj deset milijard. V uvodu sem opisal ključne točke načrtovanja protokolov za krmiljenje v pametnih stavbah. Predstavil sem načine naslavljanja, varčevanja z energijo in povezave naprav v IoT skupine. Poseben poudarek v teoretičnem delu diplome sem namenil najnovejši tehnologiji brezžičnega komuniciranja LoRa. To omrežje, ki že uspešno deluje v nekaterih evropskih državah ( Nizozemska), se odlikuje z zelo majhno porabo energije in dolgim dometom, visoko stopnjo zasebnosti in varnosti in veliko kapaciteto prenosa podatkov. V nalogi sem opisal način komunikacije med napravami različnih razredov, namenjenih za razne vrste aplikacij in predstavil osnovne tipe LoRa protokola. Sestavni del teoretičnega diplomskega je tudi opis nekaterih drugih tehnologij, ki so razširjene in dobro sprejete ter postajajo nepogrešljive v sistemih avtomatizacije pametnih stavb. Podrobno je predstavljena arhitektura ZigBee in Z Wave protokola in opisan format ZigBee sporočila. V praktičnem delu naloge sem prikazal model, ki ponazarja namakalni sistem manjšega vrta. Vrt je oddaljen približno 30 m od glavnega krmilnika, ki se nahaja v hiši. Sistem upravljamo z dvema elektromagnetnima ventiloma, preko katerih dovajamo vodo na območja vrta z različnimi zahtevami namakanja. Celoten sistem sestavljajo : vodni vir, črpalka, dva elektromagnetna ventila, merilnik vlažnosti prsti, razpršilniki vode in cevni sistem. Brezžični nadzor sistema poteka preko vmesnikov in glavnega krmilnika na oddajni strani ( RaspberryPi). Glavni krmilnik, ki je povezan z LAN omrežjem, pošilja ukaze mikrokrmilniku ( Arduino) na sprejemni strani, ta pa na podlagi prejetih ukazov in senzorjev upravlja z ventiloma. Komunikacijo med krmilnikoma omogočajo Xbee moduli preko Zigbee omrežja. Sistem omogoča tudi pridobivanje vremenske napovedi preko glavnega krmilnika, ki jo lahko uporabimo za določitev režima namakanja vrta. Sestavni del sistema je tudi senzor vlage, ki je nameščen na delu vrta, kjer se nahajajo rastline, ki so občutljive na pomanjkanje vlage v prsti. Z opisanim sistemom, ki tudi učinkovito prispeva k varčevanju z vodo, lahko hitro in enostavno upravljamo na daljavo. Lahko ga tudi uporabimo kot osnovni gradnik za razširitev na večje in kompleksnejše namakalne površine.In this thesis, I present some possibilities offered by the Internet, in the development of communications network. In particular, I was interested in the development of IoT (Internet Of Things) networks that connect physical objects with built-in latest technology. These objects can be buildings, cars, smart homes or entire smart cities. They communicate with each other and exchange information in a manner that allows for cost-effectiveness, safety and energy saving . Experts estimate that in this decade, the number of objects connected to the network IoT will reach tens of billions. In the introduction, I described the key points for design of protocols for the control of smart buildings. I introduced addressing modes, energy-saving and connections of devices in the IoT group. Special emphasis in the theoretical part of the diploma, I devoted to the latest wireless communication technology Lora. This network, which has been successfully operating in some European countries (the Netherlands), is characterized by very low energy consumption and long-range, high degree of privacy and security, and high-capacity data transmission. I have described ways of communication between devices of different classes, intended for different types of applications and presented the basic types Lora Protocol. An integral part of the theoretical diploma is a description of some of the other technologies that are widespread and well accepted and become indispensable in automation systems of smart buildings. In details are presented architectures of ZigBee and Z Wave protocol and the format and ZigBee communication message. In the practical part of the thesis I show a model which illustrates irrigation system for a small garden. The garden is located approximately 30 m from the main controller, which is located in the house. The system is operated by two solenoid valve through which water is supplied to the area of the garden with the different requirements of irrigation. The entire system consists of: water source, pump, two solenoid valves, measuring soil moisture, water dispensers and pipe system. Wireless control system works via interfaces and the main controller on the transmitting side (RaspberryPi). The main controller is connected to the LAN network, sending commands to the microcontroller (Arduino) on the receiving side, that on the basis of the received commands and the sensor operates with a valve. Communication between controllers runs between Xbee modules via the Zigbee network. The system also allows for obtaining weather forecasts via the main controller, which can be used for determining the regime watering the garden. An integral part of the system is also a moisture sensor, which is installed on a part of the garden, where plants are sensitive to the lack of moisture in the soil. The described system also effectively contribute to water saving, and is easy to manage remotely. It can also be used as a basic building block for expansion to larger and more complex irrigation area
IoT ECOSYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION FOR SMART HOME APPLICATIONS
Full text linkV času hitrega razvoja ekosistema internet stvari (angl.: IoT – Internet of Things) je na trgu veliko rešitev, ki napravam pametnih domov ponujajo poenoteno medsebojno komunikacijo, uporabnikom pa upravljanje svojega doma z enega mesta. To magistrsko delo predstavi sodobno sliko arhitekturnih rešitev ekosistemov IoT na področju pametnih domov. Skozi poglavja bralec dobi vpogled v analizo in primerjavo bolj razširjenih gradnikov različnih slojev arhitekture ta trenutek na trgu. Skozi analizo teh gradnikov se naloga osredotoča na tržno dostopne rešitve za gradnjo ekosistema IoT pametnega doma in poudarja možnosti povezljivosti gradnikov in naprav, uporabniške izkušnje, varnosti in zasebnosti. Skozi celotno sliko arhitekture IoT bralec dobi znanje, potrebno za razumevanje trenda IoT in delovanja sodobnih pametnih domov. Hkrati pa naloga predstavi potrebe trga ekosistemov IoT pametnih domov in bralca popelje v zavedanje priložnosti, ki jo nudijo ekosistemi IoT pametnih domov tako za potrošnike kot tudi za podjetja. Bodočim in obstoječim podjetjem, ki nudijo internetne storitve, ta magistrska naloga predstavi poglobljen vpogled in možnost na trgu, ki jih nudi nadgradnja arhitekturne rešitve za področje pametnega doma.
Prvo poglavje je namenjeno uvodu v razumevanje tematike ekosistema IoT na področju pametnih domov. Poglavje se osredotoča na razumevanje IoT in njegovega razvoja, razumevanje pametnih – povezanih naprav in njihove vloge v našem vsakdanjiku, razumevanje delovanja pametnih – povezanih domov ter celotno sliko ekosistema IoT.
Drugo poglavje predstavi arhitekturne gradnike IoT skozi logično povezane korake, ki si sledijo od najnižjega nivoja povezanih naprav do najvišjega aplikacijskega – uporabniškega nivoja arhitekture IoT. Skozi analizo in primerjavo bralec dobi v tem poglavju poglobljeno razumevanje strojne in programske opreme v vlogi celotne rešitve IoT na področju pametnega doma. Predstavljena je ključna problematika povezovanja naprav in posameznih arhitekturnih slojev programske opreme, tako na lokalni fizični ravni naprave, ravni lokalnega omrežja kot tudi na ravni povezovanja v internet oz. oblak. Bralec bo spoznal današnje ključne akterje in njihove novejše rešitve posameznih nivojev arhitekture, kar bo omogočalo razumevanje končnih sodobnih rešitev IoT pametnih domov.
V tretjem poglavju na splošno dodatno ovrednoti rešitve na trgu in nekatere problematike trga, povezane z rastjo trga IoT. Poglobljeno se predstavi rastoči IoT trend in analiza trga za razvoj ekosistema IoT na področju pametnih domov.
Četrto – zaključno poglavje najprej poglobljeno predstavi trenutni in bodoči potencial pametnih domov na trgu, pri tem poslovne modele in priložnosti podjetjem za zagotovljeno sprejetje njihove rešitve na trgu ter predstavi pogoje za uspešno gradnjo rešitve ekosistema IoT pametnega doma. V drugem delu tega zaključnega poglavja pa se predstavi predlog rešitve razvoja ekosistema pametnega doma za vidik ponudnika internetnih storitev. Ta del predstavlja rezultat končne rešitve ekosistema IoT pametnega doma, ki ga sestavljajo ključni arhitekturni gradniki, predstavljeni skozi predhodna poglavja in vidik odprte rešitve povezljivosti pametnega doma. Predlagana rešitev je del zasnovane odprte platforme IoT na področju pametnih domov, imenovane Qivicon, ki je bila razvita s podporo nemškega TK giganta Deutsche Telekom. Pri tem se predstavi ključne prednosti in priložnosti podjetjem za uporabo rešitve Qivicon. Podrobneje se analizira arhitekturo razvoja rešitve, kjer bralec združi spoznanja arhitekturnih gradnikov, predstavljenih v predhodnih poglavjih. Za konec se predstavi koristi in funkcionalnosti rešitve Qivicon v praksi ter ovrednoti tako rešitev kot storitev ponudnika v praksi tudi s strani potrošnika.In today’s fast evolving IoT (Internet of Things) ecosystem there are multiple solutions which give smart devices possibility to communicate among each other and give the user an option to control their smart-home from one location. This document describes the latest overview of IoT ecosystem architectural solutions for smart-home applications. Through the chapters the analysis and comparison of different architectural building blocks that are currently available on the market are presented. Trough the analysis of this building block the work is focused on market available solutions and their connectivity options, user experiences, safety and privacy. Through the full picture of IoT architecture the reader will get required knowledge to understand the IoT trend and operation of modern smart-home applications. At the same time the work presents the smart-home market needs and the awareness of the opportunities that the IoT market is offering to consumers and companies. To the current and future companies that offer internet services this document offers deeper insight in to the market.
First chapter is meant to introduce the theme of the IoT ecosystem solutions for smart-home applications. It is focused on understanding of IoT and their development on the market, understanding of smart – connected devices and their meaning for our everyday life. And also the understanding of smart – connected homes and the whole bigger picture of the IoT ecosystem.
Second chapter introduces the architectural building blocks of IoT trough the logically following steps, from the lowest level of connected devices to the highest application – user level of IoT architecture. Trough the analysis and comparison, the reader gets deeper understanding of hardware and software role in the IoT smart-home. This chapter also introduces the biggest problems on connecting the different building blocks together, on local device level, local area network level and also on connectivity to the internet / cloud. Reader will learn about the biggest players on the market and their solutions through different levels of the architecture. This will enable understanding of the end solutions on the IoT smart-home market.
Third chapter focuses on extra validation of the IoT market and some issues connected to the IoT market. It presents deeper understanding of current IoT trend on the market and the market analysis in the field of IoT ecosystem solutions for smart-home applications.
Fourth – the final chapter in the first part presents deeper understanding of current and future potential of smart-home on the market. It presents the business models and opportunities for companies so that they can ensure the acceptance of their solutions on the market. It also gives the conditions for successful building of IoT ecosystem solutions for smart-home applications. In second part of this final chapter the solution of IoT smart-home ecosystem for internet service providers is recommended. This part presents the final IoT smart-home ecosystem solution that is built from critical architectural building blocks presented trough the previous chapters and the concept of open connected smart-home. Recommended solutions are part of open smart-home platform Qivicon, which was developed in association with German telecom giant Deutsche Telekom. The chapter presents deeper architectural analysis of this solution, where the reader can associate with different knowledge of building block presented in the previous chapters. At the end, the benefits and functionality in the practice of Qivicon solution is presented. Also consumer`s view of this solution as a service is presented
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