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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Best current evidence on chest physiotherapy in non-ventilated paediatric patients (0 to 24 months) with bronchiolitis : a systematic review
Get PDFDissertation (MPhysT)--University of Pretoria, 2011.Title Best current evidence on chest physiotherapy in non-ventilated paediatric patients (0 to 24 months) with bronchiolitis: a systematic review. Purpose To determine the current scientific evidence for using three chest physiotherapy modalities namely percussion, postural drainage and suctioning in paediatric patients (0 to 24 months). Relevance The field of cardiopulmonary physiotherapy seems to be a neglected area in physiotherapy, with a subsequently limited evidence base. The author observed that in various clinical settings physiotherapists tend to administer routine chest physiotherapy to paediatric patients with bronchiolitis. Findings from this study may assist physiotherapists in their choice of effective treatment options. Sources The following databases were searched for evidence: African Health Line, CINAHL, Cochrane, Ebsco Host, Emerald Host, UP E-theses/dissertations, PEDro, Medline Ovid, Sabinet, Science Direct, Up To Date. Methodology This was a systematic review. The databases were reviewed by making use of a specified search strategy customised for each database. Keywords were: physiotherapy/physical therapy, bronchiolitis and paediatric/pediatric in combination with percussion, postural drainage and suction. The search yielded 10,016 study titles. Studies were chosen from the population of studies using pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. These criteria were applied to the titles, abstracts and full-text articles as appropriate. Five full text-articles were appraised and based on the scores from the appraisal three were included in the final sample. Data analysis Appraisal instruments from the National Health System Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (NHS CASP) and the PEDro scale (for randomised controlled trials) were used to evaluate and score the sample. Scoring was done independently by two researchers, and agreement reached through negotiation. The evidence was synthesised and graded according to the Sackett hierarchy of evidence. Results Owing to the heterogeneity of the sample, and the nature of results reported, a meta-analysis was not possible. Results from this study reveal that there is no evidence to support routine chest physiotherapy in uncomplicated viral bronchiolitis amongst the paediatric population. Chest physiotherapy does not decrease length of hospital stay, oxygen requirements or clinical scores indicating distress/morbidity. However, with secondary bacterial respiratory infections, chest physiotherapy may be indicated, depending on the assessment of each individual patient. Conclusion Percussion, postural drainage and suctioning are not effective in the management of bronchiolitis in children, newborn to 24 months old, except in individually assessed cases with secondary bacterial infection. In this subset, physiotherapy must be customised to the patient. Therefore routine physiotherapy is not indicated. Implications Chest physiotherapy should be based on a complete evaluation and on clinical merit, as well as on evidence and patient preference. Education of physiotherapy students at universities as well as doctors regarding the current evidence for chest physiotherapy in paediatric bronchiolitis is essential. Doctors and clinicians need to be made aware that routine chest physiotherapy for paediatric patients with bronchiolitis should not be prescribed. AFRIKAANS : Titel Die beste huidige bewyse aangaande longfistioterapie vir non geventileerde pediatriese pasiënte (0 tot 24 maande) met brongiolitis: 'n sistematiese oorsig. Doel Om huidige wetenskaplike bewyse vir die gebruik van drie long fisioterapietegnieke naamlik beklopping, posturale dreinasie en suiging in pediatriese pasiënte (0 tot 24 maande) te bepaal. Toepaslikheid Die veld van pediatriese fisioterapie blyk 'n verwaarloosde area van navorsing te wees, met gevolglik beperkte bewysbasis. Die navorser het ondervind dat fisioterapeute dikwels in kliniese praktyk roetine longfisioterapie in pediatriese pasiënte met brongiolitis toepas. Bewyslewering vanuit hierdie studie kan fisioterapeute help met die keuse van effektiewe behandelingsprosedures. Bronne Die volgende databasisse is deursoek vir bewyse: African Health Line, CINAHL, Cochrane, Ebsco Host, Emerald Host, UP e-theses and dissertations, PEDro, Medline, Sabinet, Science Direct en Up To Date. Die soektog het 10,016 titels gelewer. Metode 'n Sistematiese oorsig van die data is uitgevoer deur 'n gespesifiseerde soekstrategie, aangepas vir elke databasis, te volg. Sleutelwoorde was: “physiotherapy/physical therapy”, “bronchiolitis” and “paediatric/pediatric” in kombinasie met “percussion”, “postural drainage” and “suction”. Voorafbepaalde insluitings- en uitsluitingskriteria is toegepas op titels, abstrakte en artikels soos toepaslik. Data analise Evalueringsinstrumente van die “National Health System Critical Appraisal Skills programme” (NHS CASP) asook die PEDro skaal (ewekansige gekontroleerde eksperiment) is gebruik vir evaluasie van en puntetoedeling vir die verkose studies. Die puntetoekenning is onafhanklik deur twee navorsers gedoen en konsensus is bereik deur onderhandeling. Die inligting verkry is gesintetiseer en gegradeer aan die hand van die Sackett hiërargie van bewyse. As gevolg van die heterogeniteit van die ingeslote studies en die aard van die resultate was 'n meta-analise nie moontlik nie. Resultate Die studie het bevind dat daar geen bewyse is vir roetine borskasfisioterapie van ongekompliseerde akute virale pediatriese brongiolitis nie. Borskasfisioterapie verminder nie die duur van hospitaalverblyf, suurstofbehoeftes of die kliniese respiratoriese aanduiding van stres in die pasiënte nie. In die geval van sekondêre bakteriële respiratoriese infeksies mag borskasfisoterapie egter geindikeerd wees, afhangend van die evaluasie van elke individuele pasiënt. Gevolgtrekking Beklopping, posturale dreinasie, en suiging as roetine behandeling is nie effektief in die behandeling van brongiolitis in pasgebore tot 24 maand oue pasiënte nie, behalwe individuele gevalle met sekondêre bakteriële infeksies. In hierdie spesifieke subgroep moet borskasfisioterapie aangepas word vir pasiënt. Roetine fisioterapie is dus nie aangedui nie. Implikasies Borskasfisioterapie moet gebasseer wees op 'n volledige evaluasie en kliniese meriete, asook bewyslewering en die pasiënt se voorkeure. Opleiding van fisioterapie studente by universiteite, asook dokters aangaande die huidige bewyslewering vir borskasfisioterapie in pediatriese brongiolitis is belangrik. Dokters en klinici moet bewus gemaak word dat roetine borskasfisioterapie vir pediatriese brongiolitis pasiënte nie voorgeskryf moet word nie. Additional information available on a CD stored at the Merensky Library.Physiotherapyunrestricte
The effect of inspiratory muscle training on clinical outcomes and health-related quality of life in children with neuromuscular disease and respiratory muscle weakness.
Get PDFBackground: Progressive respiratory muscle weakness and ineffective cough contributes to pulmonary morbidity and mortality in children with neuromuscular disease. Inspiratory muscle training aims to preserve or improve respiratory muscle strength, reduce respiratory complications and improve health-related quality of life. Objectives: To describe South African physiotherapists' knowledge and respiratory management strategies and determine the safety, viability, acceptability and efficacy of inspiratory muscle training for children 5-18 years with neuromuscular disease. Methods: Four studies were conducted: i) a quantitative descriptive survey; ii) a systematic review using Cochrane methodology; iii) a prospective, pre-experimental observational study and iv) a prospective, cross-over randomised controlled trial using a standardised 12-week inspiratory muscle training intervention. Results: i) South African physiotherapists (n=64) reported being aware of international clinical practice recommendations, however they favoured manual airway clearance techniques. The use of inspiratory muscle training in chronic management was well supported by South African physiotherapists. ii) Results of the systematic review (seven included studies; n=168) suggested that inspiratory muscle training may be effective in improving inspiratory muscle strength. There was insufficient evidence for an effect on patient morbidity or health-related quality of life. iii) The pre-experimental, pilot study (n=8) suggested that a six-week inspiratory muscle training programme was safe, viable, acceptable and associated with a significant increase in inspiratory muscle strength. iv) The cross-over randomised controlled trial (n=23) did not show evidence of a difference in the primary outcome measures (number of hospitalisations and respiratory tract infections) between intervention and control periods. There were no adverse events related to inspiratory muscle training. Inspiratory muscle strength (Pimax) and peak expiratory cough flow increased by 14.57 (±15.67)cmH2O and 32.27 (±36.60)L/min respectively during the intervention period compared to a change of 3.04 (±11.93)cmH2O (p=0.01) and -16.59 (±48.29)L/min (p=0.0005) during the control period. There was no evidence of change in spirometry, functional ability or total health-related quality of life scores following the intervention. Overall participant satisfaction with inspiratory muscle training was high and adherence was good. Conclusions: Inspiratory muscle training in children with neuromuscular disease is well tolerated, appears to be safe and is associated with significant improvements in inspiratory muscle strength and cough efficacy
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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