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Rakennettujen kosteikkojen sudenkorennot Keski-Suomen maatalousalueilla
No full textLisääntyvä ihmistoiminta uhkaa maapallon lajien ja elinympäristöjen säilymistä. Monimuotoisuuteen vaikuttavien tekijöiden tutkimusta tarvitaan monimuotoisuuden säilyttämiseksi. Makean veden elinympäristöt ovat monimuotoisia ja uhattuja elinympäristöjä. Uusien elinympäristöjen rakentamista on käytetty suojelutoimena kosteikoilla, jotka ovat monin paikoin heikentyneet tai hävinneet. Rakennetut kosteikot toimivat Suomessa maatalousalueiden valumavesien puhdistajina, mutta myös mahdollisina uusina elinympäristöinä kosteikkolajistolle. Tämän tutkielman tarkoitus oli selvittää, käyttävätkö sudenkorennot (Odonata) rakennettuja kosteikkoja elinympäristöinään, ja mitkä kosteikkojen ominaisuudet vaikuttavat niiden runsauteen ja lajimäärään. Tutkimuksessa kerättiin sudenkorennon toukkia ja toukkanahkoja 20 rakennetulta kosteikolta Keski-Suomessa. Kosteikkojen ominaisuuksien vaikutuksia korentojen laji- ja yksilömääriin selvitettiin lineaarisilla regressioilla. Sudenkorentoja löydettiin kosteikoilta runsaasti, ja hieman yli puolet alueen seisovien vesien lajistosta esiintyi kosteikoilla. Sudenkorennot näyttäisivät osaltaan lisäävän kosteikkojen ja maatalousluonnon paikallista monimuotoisuutta. Korentojen yksilömäärää selitti kasvillisuuden vyöhykkeisyys. Lajimäärää selitti vain yksilömäärä, eikä malliin jäänyt selittäviä ympäristötekijöitä. Kasvillisuuden vyöhykkeisyydellä oli kuitenkin epäsuora vaikutus lajimäärään yksilömäärän kautta. Toimivien ja monimuotoiselle lajistolle sopivien ympäristöjen tutkiminen auttaa jatkossa rakennettujen ympäristöjen monimuotoisuustavoitteiden saavuttamisessa.Increasing anthropogenic disturbance threatens the existence of species and habitats. Research is needed to help conserve biological diversity. Fresh water habitats are diverse and also threatened environments. Construction of new habitats has been used in wetlands, since they have been lost and degraded all around the world. In Finland these constructed wetlands are built to filter nutrients from the runoff from agricultural fields, but they also act as potential new habitats for wetland species. The biodiversity of these constructed wetlands has not been studied a lot in Finland. The aim of this study was to find out, whether these constructed wetlands are used by dragonflies (Odonata) as new habitats and what environmental variables might affect the number of individuals and the species richness of dragonflies. The study was conducted by collecting and identifying dragonfly larvae and exuviae from 20 wetland sites in Central Finland. The effects of environmental variables were analyzed with linear regression. Dragonflies were abundant in the wetlands. Over half of the regional lentic species were observed, and they seem to add to the local diversity of agricultural landscapes. The number of individuals was explained by the structural complexity of vegetation. Species richness was explained only by the number of individuals, and no explaining environmental factors were left in the model. However, the structural complexity of vegetation had an indirect effect on species richness via the number of individuals. Studying what features make an environment functional and diverse will help to reach the biodiversity goals of constructing new habitats.unknown accessibilityei tietoa saavutettavuudest
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Maatalousympäristön päiväperhosseuranta 1999–2021
Get PDFTähän raporttiin on koottu vuodesta 1999 lähtien toimineen Maatalousympäristön päiväperhosseurannan päätulokset vuosilta 1999–2021. Vuonna 2010 julkaistiin vastaava raportti, jossa esiteltiin tulokset vuosilta 1999–2008. Molemmissa julkaisuissa on kuvattu seurannassa käytetyt havainnointi- ja analyysimenetelmät, joihin on viime vuosina tehty joitakin muutoksia. Seurantaa ylläpitää Suomen ympäristökeskus ja havaintojen keräämisestä vastaavat vapaaehtoiset perhosharrastajat. Havainnot tehdään ns. linjalaskentamenetelmää käyttäen. Seuranta tuottaa vuosittaisen arvion yhteensä 51 yleisenä esiintyvän päiväperhoslajin kannankehityksestä. Lisäksi aineistoista on tuotettu muutamia päiväperhoslajistomme tilaa laaja-alaisemmin kuvastavia koosteindeksejä.
Seurannassa havaintoja on kertynyt yli 1,1 miljoonaa yksilöä yhteensä 91 päiväperhoslajista. Lisäksi laskennoissa on kirjattu yli 230 000 yksilöä yhteensä 367 muusta suurperhoslajista. Vuosien mittaan havainnointia on tehty kaikkiaan 128 eri havaintopaikalla, joiden määrä on vaihdellut vuosittain 30 ja 60 välillä. Viime vuosina seurannan laajuus on vakiintunut noin 50 havaintopaikkaan. Seurantaverkosto on kattava Etelä- ja Lounais-Suomessa, mutta selvästi puutteellinen maamme keski- ja pohjoisosissa.
Tulosten perusteella päiväperhosten kannat ovat olleet 2000-luvulla loivassa laskussa. Vähentyneitä lajeja on ollut enemmän kuin runsastuneita, minkä lisäksi 45 lajin keskimääräistä kannankehitystä kuvaava koosteindeksi on ollut laskussa. Päiväperhoskannat ovat olleet keskimäärin korkeimmillaan vuosina 2002 sekä 2010–2011. Vuodet 2014–2017 olivat seurantajakson heikoimmat, minkä jälkeen koosteindeksi on noussut lähelle 2000-luvun keskimääräistä tasoa. Havaittua perhoskantojen laskua selittänee ainakin osin se, että useimmat seurantajakson sääoloiltaan heikoimmista kesistä osuivat 2010-luvulle.
Seurannan toiminta on vakiintunutta, eikä sen menetelmiin ole nähtävissä selviä muutostarpeita. Suurin riski seurannan jatkuvuudelle liittyy säännöllisen ylläpitorahoituksen puuttumiseen. Uusia havainnoijia on myös tarpeen etsiä vuosittain, mikä edellyttää aktiivista viestintää. Viime vuosina seurannan tekninen ylläpito on tehostunut huomattavasti, kun havaintojen tiedonhallinta on siirtynyt Lajitietokeskuksen Laji.fi-palveluun. Resursseja on säästänyt myös se, että vuodesta 2022 alkaen lajien kannankehitystä kuvaavien indeksien laskenta on automatisoitu tapahtumaan suoraan verkkopalvelimella.
Butterfly monitoring in Finnish agricultural landscapes 1999–2021
Butterfly monitoring in Finnish agricultural landscapes (BMS Finland) was started in 1999. This report summarizes its main results for the period of 1999–2021. A similar report was published in 2010, reporting the first results for the years 1999–2008. Both reports include a description of the methods used, the latter one describing also the changes made over the years. BMS Finland is coordinated by the Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), while the data collection is done by voluntary lepidopterologists. Butterflies are recorded using the transect counting method, that is widely used in numerous European countries. BMS Finland produces annual estimates on the population changes of 51 commonly observed butterfly species. The data are also used for calculating a few additional indices that provide more generalized information on the status of Finnish butterfly fauna.
A total of over 1,1 million butterfly individuals belonging to 91 species have been recorded during the years 1999–2021. In addition to these, over 230 000 individuals of other Lepidopteran species belonging to 367 species have been observed. Over the years recording has been done on a total of 128 sites, with the annual number of sites varying between 30 and 60. During recent years the number of sites has been around 50. The monitoring network is quite comprehensive for Southern and South-Western Finland, but very sparse for the central and northern parts of the country.
Our results show that on a general level the Finnish butterfly populations show a moderate decline during the 21st century. The number of decreasing species has been higher than that of increasing ones. In line with this, the geometric mean over the indices of the 45 most common resident species shows a decreasing trend. Generally the butterfly populations were at their highest levels during the years 2002 and 2010–2011. The worst years for butterflies have been 2014–2017, after which the butterfly numbers have recovered near to the average levels of the 21st century. The observed decline in butterfly numbers is likely to be at least partially explained by the generally poorer summer weathers during the latter part of the monitoring period.
The functioning of BMS Finland is well established, and there is no evident need to make changes in its methods. The greatest risk for its continuance is the lack of permanent funding for its coordination. There is also a continuous need to recruit new recorders to replace the leaving ones, requiring active public communication. During recent years the technical data management has made considerable advances, thus saving resources for other purposes. In 2022 also the calculation of species indices has been automatized
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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