1,724,525 research outputs found
Disputes over the "Dian-pu"佃僕 System in Hui-zhou 徽州 Prefecture in the Late Ming
Full text linkIn this article, the author discusses the aspects of disputes and lawsuits over the "dian-pu" (tenant/servant) system in Hui-zhou prefecture during the later half of the Ming period, mainly by analyzing the documents of Hui-zhou･"Dian-pu" were bound to particular landlords for generations, not only cultivating the land as tenants, but also performing various kinds of labour services, while landlords had to provide them with cultivated land, housing and graveyard. "Dian-pu"'s freedom of movement were restricted, and their social status were regarded as inferior to landlords. The main principle regulating the landlord-"dian-pu" relation was what the Chinese called "zhu-pu zhi fen" 主僕之分, meaning the distinction between master and servant. The author collected a total of 52 dispute cases concerning the "dian-pu" system, covering the years from 1487 to 1645, from various kinds of the Hui-zhou documents. Many of these disputes were caused by troubles over forested mountains and graveyard. Problems concerning the "dian-pu"'s labour obligations and their hereditary status also caused diverse conflicts. Of the 52 dispute cases, 15 cases were brought before the magistrate's court. Many of other 37 cases were settled in rural community by various mediators. In a few cases, landlords took part in the resolution of disputes which occurred among the same clan of "dian-pu". According to the Ming legal codes, commoner's families were prohibited to possess and use hereditary bond servants. But some lawsuit cases showed that local magistrates in Hui-zhou approved of the possession of bond servant not only by gentry families, but also by commoner's families. Judging from some legal cases, it is appeared that local magistrates in Hui-zhou generally made judicial judgement in accordance with the local custom of Hui-zhou, which emphasized the hereditary inferior social status of "dian-pu" based on the distinction between master and servant. By the early Ming, highly labour intensive agriculture was developed in Hui-zhou rural society. Powerful lineages who occupied much of agricultural resources, often recruited the immigrants or landless peasants to cultivate paddy land and forested mountains, and even asked them to perform various labour services. From the 16 th century, however, the development of commercial agriculture enabled a proportion of "dian-pu" to accumulate capital by planting all sorts of commercial products. Furthermore, many "dian-pu" accompanied their masters to trading area as managers or clerks, and sometimes succeeded to make some fortune. On the other hand, under the competitive and overpopulated circumstances of the Hui-zhou society in the late Ming, much more "dian-pu" who could not gain from the commercialization, were further reduced to poverty. A proportion of "dian-pu" who hoped to seize new economic opportunities and accomplish upward social mobility, often tried to break away from their hereditary status. On the other side, many impoverished "dian-pu" often attempted to escape from landlord's supervision. However, landlords generally did not approve their release from hereditary status. As a result, the stratification of "dian-pu" class further strained the landload- "dian-pu" relations, and disputes among them became more and more. This threatening situations finally brought about a large scale rebellion of militarized "dian-pu" and bond servants throughout Hui-zhou prefecture in the Ming-Qing transitional period
Steam reforming of polystyrene at a low temperature for high H2/CO gas with bimetallic Ni-Fe/ZrO2 catalyst
No full textJUNIZA BINTI MD SAAD/ Hui Zhou// Qinghai Li,Yongqing X
Microstructure and mechanical properties of CoCrFeNiZr(x) eutectic high-entropy alloys
No full textAbstract not availableWenyi Huo, Hui Zhou, Feng Fang, Zonghan Xie, Jianqing Jian
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
sj-pdf-1-ini-10.1177_17534259221080543 - Supplemental material for A novel antimicrobial peptide derived from human BPIFA1 protein protects against <i>Candida albicans</i> infection
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ini-10.1177_17534259221080543 for A novel antimicrobial peptide derived from human BPIFA1 protein protects against Candida albicans infection by Nan Hu, Xi-Ming Mo, Shi-Na Xu, Hao-Neng Tang, Ying-Hui Zhou, Long Li and Hou-De Zhou in Innate Immunity</p
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