41,320 research outputs found
DIETARY CONDITIONS AND DIFFERENTIAL ACCESS TO FOOD RESOURCES AMONG THE VARIOUS CLASSES DURING THE HAN PERIOD
No full textIn this thesis, I study how food resources and dietary conditions were determined by social and economic status during the Han period in China, B.C. 206~A.D.220. Even though earlier scholars have published research concerning the Chinese food culture of this period, these studies were limited in that they only illustrated the dietary culture of the upper class or the available food resources in one geographic area. Also, without any persuasive data, it has been assumed by these earlier scholars that there were big differences in food resources and food consumption between the upper and lower classes. In this thesis, for comparison among the classes, I divide the social and economic classes into five stratified groups: nobles, officials, peasants, soldiers and convicts. After a brief introduction of the nature of each social class, I examine the food resources and nutritional condition of each group using information such as the wealth and income of each group, the market price of food resources, the agricultural products of peasants, and the amount of food distribution to soldiers and convicts. I found these data from archaeological remains, received historical records and pictorial data, and excavated texts. This research shows a broader view of Chinese dietary condition focusing not only on the variety of food resources of nobles, but also on the different food accessibilities among the officials, and the food deficiencies of peasants. It also deals with the situations of food supply for soldiers and convicts in an effort to reveal the true dietary consumption and nutritional conditions for all Chinese. This research proves that the various classes during the Han period in China had different food resources and dietary conditions
Gut microbiota-derived butyrate inhibits hepatic cholesterol synthesis via a PPARγ/SREBP2 signaling pathway in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice
No full textDysregulated lipid and cholesterol metabolism is associated with various metabolic diseases and even cancers. The liver is a critical organ for lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Previous evidence suggests that gut microbiota is associated with lipid and cholesterol metabolism, but little is known about the specific effects of gut microbiota on hepatic lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis. This dissertation investigated the comprehensive influence of gut microbiota on hepatic lipid metabolism and also explored the mechanism by which the gut microbiota modulates hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis.
The first study was aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of gut microbiota on hepatic lipid metabolism. Using a pseudo-germ-free mouse model constructed by an antibiotics cocktail (Abx), we found that Abx treatment for 5 weeks successfully decreased the gut microbiota, accompanied by a reduced amount of microbial synthesized components (Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)) and metabolites (butyrate and isovalerate) in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). This depletion of microbiota decreased their body weight. Meanwhile, gut microbiota depletion lowered the serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), insulin, and leptin. Moreover, microbiota depletion inhibited the fat deposition in both white adipose tissue and liver. As for the mechanism, RNA-seq results showed that gut microbiota depletion altered the expression of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism such as fatty acid translocase (Cd36), monoacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 1 (Mogat1), cytochrome P450 family 39 subfamilies A polypeptide 1 (Cyp39a1), ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 3 (Abcc3), and Acyl-CoA:glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (Gpat3). In addition, mice with microbial depletion exhibited lower relative abundance of bacteria related to abnormal metabolism and inflammation, including Lachnospiraceae, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002, Enterorhabdus, Faecalibaculum, and Desulfovibrio. Furthermore, a correlation analysis revealed strong associations between the altered gut microbiota and serum cholesterol level. These findings suggest that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the lipid and cholesterol metabolism.
The second study further investigated the underlying mechanism by which the gut microbiota influences cholesterol metabolism. In line with our previous study, we found that Abx-depleted gut microbiota for 10 weeks decreased the serum TC and LDL-c levels, confirming the role of gut microbiota in modulating cholesterol metabolism. However, the hepatic TC level was increased by gut microbiota depletion. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis results showed that the hepatic genes involved in cholesterol synthesis were up-regulated by gut microbiota depletion, which might be the reason for increased hepatic TC level. Through correlation analysis, we observed strong negative associations between butyrate-producing bacteria and hepatic cholesterol level. Additionally, specific elimination of butyrate-producers via metronidazole decreased the colonic butyrate level to an undetectable level and up-regulated the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (Srebp2) and its downstream genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver. However, butyrate treatment increased colonic butyrate level and down-regulated the expression of genes associated with cholesterol biosynthesis. Furthermore, a treatment with an antagonist of PPARγ, GW9662, successfully neutralized the suppressed effects of butyrate on the expression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Our findings offer insight into how butyrate-producing bacteria play a pivotal role in hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis, supporting the potential of microbiota-based interventions in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis.
Overall, these data suggest that gut microbiota depletion influences hepatic fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism. Moreover, gut microbiota-derived butyrate acts as a molecule that mediates hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, PPARγ/SREBP2 signaling was hypothesized to be a mediator between gut microbiota-derived butyrate and hepatic cholesterol synthesis in mice fed an HFD
Causes of Han-Hui conflicts in the 1840's in Yongchang, Western Yunnan
No full textMuslim unrest and rebellion plagued nineteenth century China. Conflicts between Han Chinese and Hui (Muslims) in Yunnan flared up continuously throughout the first half of the nineteenth century culminating in the eighteen year Panthay Rebellion (1855-1873). The purpose of this study is to ascertain the causes of Han-Hui conflicts in one prefecture, Yongchang, in western Yunnan in the 1840's. Examination of the events in Yongchang during this period does provide as well, some Insight Into the causes of Han-Hui conflicts in Yunnan In general. Documents written by Qing officials, at the central, provincial and local levels, as well as local histories and a few documents written by Muslims, are examined in order to determine the causative factors of Han-Hui conflicts In Yongchang. The findings of this thesis suggest that deteriorating socioeconomic conditions in Yunnan and China, combined with the frontier environment and the mentality that it created exacerbated existing ethnic tensions between Han and Hui to the point of open conflict.
Yongchang during the 1840's was a hotbed of ethnic strife. Ethnic tensions between Han and Hui existed In Yongchang, and Yunnan, long before the nineteenth century. Religious and social customs set the Muslim population apart from the Han. There were distinct differences between Han and Hui and both groups wished to maintain strong ethnic boundaries. Under relatively prosperous economic conditions Han and Hui appear to have been able to co-exist with only minor hostilities. During the nineteenth century, however, the economy of Yunnan was in a state of decline and the population, due to immigration from China proper, had almost tripled. The resources of Yunnan were overtaxed. Competition for jobs and arable land became intense. Secret societies, banditry and anti-Muslim militia flourished in Yongchang. These conditions, coupled with a weak and inefficient local government, exacerbated already tense relations between Han and Hui. Open conflict was the result.Arts, Faculty ofHistory, Department ofGraduat
Chia-Hui Chu Piano Recital Program Notes
No full textThese are the program notes of Ms. Chu, Chia Hui piano recital, held on May 9th, 2023, in the Fine Arts building of the National Sun Yet-sen University. The program of the piano recital includes Mendelssohn\ue2s Prelude and Fugue in E Minor, Op. 35 No. 1, Debussy\ue2s Ballade, Kapustin\ue2s Variations, Op.41, and Rachmaninoff\ue2s Moments Musicaux, Op.16. These program notes will introduce the lives of four composers, the compositional background of the individual work, and the analysis of the structure, including tonal design and thematic materials in each work
A study on Yi-Hui's Ci poetry
No full textThe purpose of this thesis, which is based on Yi-Hui\ue2s Ci poetry \ue2Xie Chun Jing She Ci\ue2 and \ue2Nan Gu Qiao Chang\ue2 written by Yi-Hui (1799-1838), a royal member, during Jia Qing and Dao Guang period of Qing Dynasty, is to investigate the central idea and writing style of Yi-Hui\ue2s Ci.
The research is divided into following eight chapters.
Chapter one : Introducing and describing the motivation, purpose, scope and methods of the research, and reviewing Yi-Hui's Ci poetry.
Chapter two : Discussing author\ue2s writing motivation at each stage of life according to author\ue2s background.
Chapter three : Discussing the themes and content of \ue2Xie Chun Jing She Ci.\ue2
Chapter four : Discussing the themes and content of \ue2Nan Gu Qiao Chang.\ue2
Chapter five : Analyzing Yi-Hui and Gu Tai-Qing's Responsorial Ci poetry, and discussing the responsorial interaction between Yi-Hui and his wife, Gu Tai-Qing.
Chapter six : Discussing the idea and literary characteristics of Yi-Hui's Ci poetry, and the influence of Quanzhen Taoism and Buddhism on Yi-Hui and his literature.
Chapter seven : Investigating the writing style of Yi-Hui's Ci poetry.
Chapter eight : Concluding the key points of previous chapters and descripting the literature value and meaning of Yi-Hui's Ci poetry in the Qing Dynasty
Comparison of Genetic Variants in Cancer-Related Genes between Chinese Hui and Han Populations.
No full textThe Chinese Hui population, as the second largest minority ethnic group in China, may have a different genetic background from Han people because of its unique demographic history. In this study, we aimed to identify genetic differences between Han and Hui Chinese from the Ningxia region of China by comparing eighteen single nucleotide polymorphisms in cancer-related genes.DNA samples were collected from 99 Hui and 145 Han people from the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China, and SNPs were detected using an improved multiplex ligase detection reaction method. Genotyping data from six 1000 Genomes Project population samples (99 Utah residents with northern and western European ancestry (CEU), 107 Toscani in Italy (TSI), 108 Yoruba in Ibadan (YRI), 61 of African ancestry in the southwestern US (ASW), 103 Han Chinese in Beijing (CHB), and 104 Japanese in Tokyo (JPT)) were also included in this study. Differences in the distribution of alleles among the populations were assessed using χ2 tests, and FST was used to measure the degree of population differentiation.We found that the genetic diversity of many SNPs in cancer-related genes in the Hui Chinese in Ningxia was different from that in the Han Chinese in Ningxia. For example, the allele frequencies of four SNPs (rs13361707, rs2274223, rs465498, and rs753955) showed different genetic distributions (p0.000) between the Hui and Han populations.These results suggest that some SNPs associated with cancer-related genes vary among different Chinese ethnic groups. We suggest that population differences should be carefully considered in evaluating cancer risk and prognosis as well as the efficacy of cancer therapy
"God Is a Drug":Han-Hui relations and regime legitimation in the Xi Jinping Era
No full textThe Chinese Communist Party (CCP) stresses the regime’s role in presiding over the unity of China’s minzu and their shared stake in China’s prosperity. However, an examination of the quality of interactions between Han and ethnic minorities illustrates the regime’s vulnerability to counterclaims based on these lived experiences. This paper conducts a case study of Han-Hui relations to argue that physical separation between Han and Hui prevents the two groups from interacting in ways that transmit substantive knowledge about the differences between the groups. Instead, interactions perpetuate stereotyes and distrust. By continuing to push narratives centered around unity of all groups and shared family relations, the state highlight
"God Is a Drug":Han-Hui relations and regime legitimation in the Xi Jinping Era
No full textThe Chinese Communist Party (CCP) stresses the regime’s role in presiding over the unity of China’s minzu and their shared stake in China’s prosperity. However, an examination of the quality of interactions between Han and ethnic minorities illustrates the regime’s vulnerability to counterclaims based on these lived experiences. This paper conducts a case study of Han-Hui relations to argue that physical separation between Han and Hui prevents the two groups from interacting in ways that transmit substantive knowledge about the differences between the groups. Instead, interactions perpetuate stereotyes and distrust. By continuing to push narratives centered around unity of all groups and shared family relations, the state highlight
Confucian purism and Han Learning: Hui Dong's commentary on Taishang Ganyingpian
No full textSubmission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-08-01The student, Patrick Du, accepted the attached license on 2020-07-24 at 16:13.The student, Patrick Du, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-07-24 at 16:13.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-07-24 at 16:30.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15756 on 2020-10-02 at 15:34:18Abstract
This thesis examines Hui Dong’s commentary on Taishang Ganyingpian. Under the influence of Confucian purism, writing a commentary on a Daoist morality book seems improbable for Hui Dong, the most influential scholar of Confucian Classical learning in mid-Qing China. On the contrary, I argue that Hui’s commentary can be analyzed to illustrate the profound impact of Confucian purism and Han learning. First, a close examination of Taishang Ganyingpian and its prototype indicates that they contain a great number of Confucian elements despite its Daoist origins. The major divergence between Hui Dong and Song scholars is hidden behind the similar ethical codes. I argue that driven by Confucian purism, in the commentary Hui sought to exclude heterodox texts such as Buddhist Sutras and Neo-Confucian texts. He reaffirms the ethical values in the treatise with quotations from the Confucian Classics. They are now authenticated as Confucian values uncontaminated in Hui’s purist view. Hui Dong also adopted Han scholars’ idea to explain the core concept “ganying” of Taishang Ganyingpian, which shows a major divergence from Song scholars. By studying Hui’s commentary, we can gain a better understanding of the impact of Confucian purism and Han learning on Hui Dong’s scholarship and moral values beyond Classical learning.Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T22:44:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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