1,721,030 research outputs found
The Determinants of Open-Market Share Repurchase: To Signal or to Control?
No full textFirms may repurchase their own stocks not only to distribute wealth to shareholders but also to gain control of the firm. This study explores this possibility from stock repurchase programs for Japanese firms listed in the Tokyo Stock Exchange. We find that ultimate owners of firms with large cash flow to voting right deviation announce stock repurchases more aggressively. It appears that incumbent management teams are wary of the fact that they can become hostile takeover targets. Extending Bagwell’s (1991) argument, we interpret that firms with large deviation between cash flow rights and voting rights are likely to announce large amounts of stock repurchase in order to increase both the cost of gaining a toehold and the price of the offer. We also find that Keiretsu (business group) affiliate firms are most aggressive in repurchasing their own shares when the cash flow rights and voting rights are far off alignment. This is consistent with the view of Claessens et. al. (2000) that firms with low deviation between cash flow rights and voting rights return more cash dividends to shareholders to distribute earnings
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
WristAcoustic: Through-Wrist Acoustic Response Based Authentication for Smartwatches
No full textPIN and pattern lock are difficult to accurately enter on small watch screens, and are vulnerable against guessing attacks. To address these problems, this paper proposes a novel implicit biometric scheme based on through-wrist acoustic responses. A cue signal is played on a surface transducer mounted on the dorsal wrist and the acoustic response recorded by a contact microphone on the volar wrist. We build classifiers using these recordings for each of three simple hand poses (relax, fist and open), and use an ensemble approach to make final authentication decisions. In an initial single session study (N=25), we achieve an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 0.01%, substantially outperforming prior on-wrist biometric solutions. A subsequent five recall-session study (N=20) shows reduced performance with 5.06% EER. We attribute this to increased variability in how participants perform hand poses over time. However, after retraining classifiers performance improved substantially, ultimately achieving 0.79% EER. We observed most variability with the relax pose. Consequently, we achieve the most reliable multi-session performance by combining the fist and open poses: 0.51% EER. Further studies elaborate on these basic results. A usability evaluation reveals users experience low workload as well as reporting high SUS scores and fluctuating levels of perceived exertion: moderate during initial enrollment dropping to slight during authentication. A final study examining performance in various poses and in the presence of noise demonstrates the system is robust to such disturbances and likely to work well in wide range of real-world contexts.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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