1,721,023 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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A mechanical study of synthetic soft tissue membranes for prosthesis
Get PDFPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) gels and elastomers are also known as Silicones. These materials are well documented in the literature especially in scientific journals, but PDMS gels employed by prosthetists often have adulterating agents in them that can affect their mechanical behaviour. Experienced prosthetists have been adding loose fibres, embedding fabrics and adding oil to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) gels for decades, building a deep understanding of the benefits and drawbacks, but literature documenting these additives’ use is rare. Coloured, loose fibres are often used to pigment it, textiles are employed to reinforce it and oil is used to soften it, but the technical know-how of PDMS gel manipulation, has remained the embodied, tacit knowledge of the prosthetist, remaining unpublished and unquantified.
In this thesis, conclusive, data-based evidence is used to examine the technical aspects and mechanical influence of adding fibres, fabrics and oils to PDMS gels. Using industry agreed test standards and accessible technologies, this work presents an unabridged exploration of PDMS gel characteristics that would be familiar and useful to the experienced and inexperienced prosthetist alike.
New knowledge generated by this investigation defines the hardening effect of fibres and how textile addition, orientation and tension have a direct, measurable influence on a range of mechanical characteristics. Beyond simply adding strength, fibres and fabrics can be used to create membranes that are visually and mechanically similar to human skin. Additionally, data-based evidence reveals previously unknown material characteristics of oil saturated PDMS gels and mechanical tests demonstrate how they can be used to create more realistic, synthetic soft tissues and organs for surgical training models.
This work explicitly contributes new knowledge to the field of functional prosthetics by describing the mechanisms for control over key behavioural traits linked to the performance of organic counterparts such as extensibility, elasticity, anisotropy, and viscoelasticity
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Electronic textile garments for fall and near-fall detection
Get PDFThe world population is ageing and one of the biggest detriments to the quality of life of older people is falls. The aim of this thesis is to develop an electronic textiles (E-textile) garment using electronic yarn (E-yarn) technology for near-fall and fall detection. Near-falls are a loss of balance that can be corrected. An increased number in near-falls is seen as a precursor for falls. If near-falls can be detected, hopefully this can lead to fall prevention.
The first step to creating an E-textile for near-fall was to determine the appropriate sensor for near-fall detection. Within the literature there are more studies conducted on fall detection systems rather than near-fall detection. Consequently, both types of system were reviewed. Informed by the literature, it was concluded that an inertial measurement unit (IMU) would be used to manufacturing a motion sensing E-yarn.
Once the sensor had been determined, the optimal placement of the sensor on the body needed to be found. In accordance with the literature six locations were explored, the waist, chest, wrist, lower back, thigh and ankle. A pilot study was conducted, and the results showed that either the waist, thigh or ankle were best.
Interviews and a focus group were held to design an E-textile garment that an older person would be willing to wear. Interviews on clothing preferences, attitudes towards falls, and wearable technology for fall prevention were conducted. Non-functioning prototypes were made and shared with a focus group to determine which would be used in the final design. The design chosen was an over-sock.
Lastly, a functioning E-textile garment was developed and tested on young healthy volunteers. The E-textile garment can accurately classify between three types of activities of daily living and three type of falls with an accuracy of 85.7%. When classifying between ADLs and the falls, the accuracy of detection was 99.4%. Furthermore, when classifying between the ADLs, the falls, and a near-fall event an accuracy of 94.2% was achieved.
This thesis contributes new knowledge to the field of E-textiles by using human centered design to create an E-textile garment people are willing to wear. It also has created the first near-fall and fall detection system in the form of an E-textile and presents the first E-yarn to contain an IMU
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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