1,721,187 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
L’étude de l’influence des additifs antioxydants sur le comportement thermomécanique de matériaux composites à matrice carbonée
No full textLes réfractaires alumine-carbone sont largement utilisés dans la coulée continue de l'acier. Ils sont responsables du contrôle du flux d'acier et de sa protection contre l'oxydation. Cependant, pour améliorer leur propre résistance à l'oxydation, plusieurs additifs tels que des carbures, des métaux, des composés à bas point de fusion et des frittes de verre sont ajoutés en tant qu'antioxydants. Dans cette étude, l'influence de ces additifs, ainsi que des conditions de cuisson, sur les propriétés liées à la résistance aux chocs thermiques des matériaux réfractaires à matrice carbonée a été étudiée. Des matériaux modèles, ayant une composition simplifiée par rapport aux matériaux industriels, ont été étudiés pour faciliter la compréhension des interactions entre les différents constituants du composite. Le comportement des matériaux réticulés (avant cuisson) et cuits a été étudié. La première partie de l'étude a montré que les antioxydants peuvent modifier les propriétés du réfractaire par différents mécanismes : cristallisation de la liaison carbone (B4C), guérison des microfissures (borax et fritte de verre) et formation de nouvelles phases (Al-Si). Cependant, puisque les additifs métalliques sont les antioxydants les plus largement utilisés dans les produits de Vesuvius, la deuxième partie de l'étude a porté sur leur impact (Al-Si,Al-Mg et Al) sur les propriétés clés influençant la résistance aux chocs thermiques. En plus, l'impact des conditions de cuisson (température et atmosphère) a également été étudié. Il a été prouvé que tous les antioxydants métalliques réagissent avec d'autres constituants pour former de nouvelles phases qui à la fois rigidifient le réfractaire et augmentent sa valeur du coefficient de dilatation thermique. Malheureusement, un tel comportement entraîne une détérioration de la résistance aux chocs thermiques. De plus, il s'est avéré que l'atmosphère de cuisson a une influence négligeable sur la réactivité des additifs et donc sur les propriétés finales du réfractaire. Ainsi, la température de cuisson est le paramètre qui a l'impact le plus important sur l'évolution réfractaire. Tous les résultats obtenus facilitent le choix des antioxydants et des conditions de cuisson pour obtenir les propriétés souhaitées du réfractaire.Alumina-carbon refractories are widely used in the continuous casting of steel. They are responsible for the steel flow control and its protection against oxidation. However, to improve their own oxidation resistance, several additives such as carbides, metals, low melting point compounds and glass frits are added as antioxidants. In this study, the influence of these additives, as well as firing conditions, on the properties related to the thermal shock resistance of carbon-bonded refractories was studied. Model materials, having simplified composition compared to the real industrial ones, were investigated tofacilitate the comprehension of interactions between different constituents of the composite. Behavior of both cured (before firing) and fired materials was studied. The first part of the study proved that antioxidants may modify the properties of the refractory through different mechanisms: crystallization of the carbon bond (B4C), microcracks healing (anhydrous borax and glass frit) and formation of new phases (Al-Si). However, since the metallic additives are the most widely used antioxidants in Vesuvius' products, the second part of the study was focused on their (Al-Si, Al-Mg and Al) impact on the key properties influencing the thermal shock resistance. What is more, the impact of firing conditions (temperature and atmosphere) was also investigated. It was proved that all metallic antioxidants react with other constituents to form new phases which both rigidify the refractory and increase its value of the coefficient of thermal expansion. Unfortunately, such behavior results in worsening of the thermal shock resistance. Moreover, it turned out that the firing atmosphere has a negligible influence on the additives reactivity and thus the final properties of the refractory. Thus, firing temperature is the parameter that has the most important impact on the refractory evolution. All the obtained results facilitate the choice of antioxidants and firing condition to obtain desired properties of the refractory
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Strain fields measurements to study the nonlinear mechanical behaviour of refractory materials
No full textCette thèse avait pour objectif de mettre en place et d’appliquer les techniques de mesure de champs de déplacements et de déformations (corrélation d’images numériques CIN) pour caractériser le comportement mécanique non linéaire de matériaux réfractaires. L’étude a été réalisée sur différents types de matériaux présentant des degrés variables de flexibilité : un matériau modèle monophasé à base de titanate d’aluminium (TA VF) et des matériaux industriels multi-phasés à base de magnésie. La flexibilité dans le cas du TA VF est obtenue grâce à l’anisotropie de la dilatation thermique entre les trois axes cristallographiques, et dans le cas des matériaux industriels grâce à la différence de coefficients de dilatation entre les agrégats de spinelle et la matrice magnésienne. Ces matériaux industriels ayant une déformation à rupture plus faible, la technique de corrélation d’images a dû être optimisée en ajustant au mieux les conditions expérimentales.La CIN et la méthode de suivi de marqueurs ont permis de mettre en évidence le caractère dissymétrique du comportement mécanique en flexion du TA VF entre la zone de l’éprouvette sollicitée en traction et celle en compression et d’investiguer le déplacement relatif des rouleaux du dispositif de flexion. Cette dissymétrie de comportement engendre un déplacement progressif de la fibre neutre au fur et à mesure que la charge appliquée augmente. Cette technique a ensuite été étendue à d’autres essais tels que l’essai brésilien et le Wedge Splitting appliqués aux matériaux industriels magnésiens. La CIN a ainsi permis d’illustrer les mécanismes de rupture (initiation et propagation de fissures) et de mettre en évidence la présence de phénomènes de « crack branching » obtenus grâce au réseau initial de microfissures volontairement généré au sein du matériau par différentiel de dilatation entre phases dans le but d’améliorer sa résistance aux chocs thermiques. Enfin, à partir des champs de déplacements obtenus par corrélation d’images, la méthode de recalage par éléments finis a été développée et utilisée pour déterminer l’évolution des propriétés élastiques du matériau pendant l’essai.The present thesis aimed to apply digital image correlation (DIC) used for kinematic fields’ measurements as a support for the experimental characterization of refractory materials with specific non-linear behaviour. Model and industrial materials with different degrees of flexibility were studied. The first type of materials was a single phase model flexible aluminium titanate material (AT VF) developed for academic purposes by improving the grain growth. Its non-linear mechanical behaviour was obtained thanks to the thermal expansion mismatch of its grains according to the different crystallographic axis. The second one is multi-phased magnesia based industrial materials, whose flexibility is less accentuated, and for which the non-linear mechanical behaviour is obtained thanks to the thermal expansion coefficients mismatch between spinel aggregates and magnesia matrix. In order to apply the optical methods on these materials which exhibit lower strain-to-rupture, it was necessary to optimize the accuracy of these techniques by improving experimental conditions.In the case of AT VF, DIC and mark tracking method have been applied on four-points bending test at room temperature to underline the material asymmetric mechanical behaviour which induces a significant shift of the neutral fibre and to evaluate the relative displacement of rolls. The application of DIC has been extended to other experimental testing method such as Brazilian and Wedge Splitting test using the multi-phased magnesia based materials. This highlighted fracture mechanisms (crack occurrence and propagation) and the presence of crack branching phenomenon promoted thanks to an initial micro-cracks network voluntary introduced by thermal expansion mismatch between the different phases so as to improve their thermal shock resistance. From displacement experimentally obtained by DIC, a finite element method updating (FEMU-U) has been developed to determine material properties
Thermomechanical behavior of oxide-carbon refractory composites
No full textCette thèse avait pour objectif d’étudier les relations existant entre la microstructure de réfractaires alumine-carbone utilisés en coulée continue dans l’industrie sidérurgique et leurs propriétés thermomécaniques. Le travail réalisé ici s’inscrit dans une logique composite, en déterminant les propriétés thermomécaniques des constituants séparément et en analysant ensuite les propriétés des matériaux multiphasiques. Différents systèmes de matériaux modèles ont été étudiés en s’intéressant à deux échelles : agrégats et matrice. Ces matériaux sont constitués d’une part, d’un squelette de graphite et d’agrégats d’alumine et d’autre part d’une matrice carbonée chargée en petits grains d’alumine. La liaison carbone de ces matériaux résultant de la pyrolyse d’une résine phénolique, les propriétés thermomécaniques des matériaux modèles élaborés ont été analysées à la fois pendant et après le traitement thermique de pyrolyse. L’évolution des propriétés au cours de la pyrolyse des échantillons réticulés a mis en évidence l’apparition d’un léger endommagement en fin de montée en température, et un endommagement plus prononcé lors du refroidissement. Cet endommagement résulte d’un différentiel de dilatation thermique entre les grains d'alumine et la liaison carbone. L'influence de ces effets microstructuraux sur le comportement mécanique des matériaux pyrolysés a été étudiée grâce à des essais de traction, mettant en évidence un comportement non-linéaire assez marqué. Des relations entre la fraction volumique et les propriétés physiques clés des matériaux ont pu être établies. Par ailleurs, les résultats obtenus ont montré qu’un changement de composition relativement peu important peut modifier radicalement les propriétés thermomécaniques de ces matériaux. Cette étude sur des matériaux modèles a permis de dégager des pistes pour une amélioration des compositions industrielles.The present thesis aimed at investigating the relationships existing between the microstructure of alumina-carbon refractories used in steel continuous casting and their thermomechanical properties. The work realized here fall within a composite approach, by determining thermomechanical properties of the single constituents of the materials and analyzing then the properties of the heterogeneous composites. Different systems of double scale model materials, constituted of graphite and alumina aggregates in one hand, and of carbon matrix loaded with fine alumina grains on the other hand were studied here. The carbon bond of these materials resulting from pyrolysis of phenolic resin, the thermomechanical properties of the elaborated model materials were analyzed both during and after the pyrolysis heating treatment. The properties evolutions of the cured samples during the pyrolysis highlighted a slight damage during the end of heating and important damage during cooling, due to a thermal expansion mismatch between the alumina grains and the resin/carbon bond. The influence of the thermal damage has been investigated thanks to tensile tests on the pyrolyzed materials, which exhibit a rather strong non-linear behavior. Relationships between volume fraction and physical key-properties of the materials have been established. Besides, the obtained results highlighted that a small change in composition can drastically change the thermomechanical properties of these materials. This overall study on model materials allowed to develop some ideas in order to improve industrial compositions
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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