1,720,956 research outputs found
Handbook of DNA Forensic Applications and Interpretation /
No full textThis handbook covers tested and proven DNA forensic testing methodologies, forensic bioinformatics techniques, case studies and current forensic legal framework for investigation of variety of crimes and provides a clinching evidence for speedy justice. DNA testing is widely used for forensic purposes and is changing the paradigm of (crime) investigation. The book contains chapters on usage of ultramodern DNA collection kits, presents era evidence collection and preservation, high-end DNA sample analysis in laboratory, DNA legislation, expert evidences, challenging and successful case studies, data generation and application of AI and IoT techniques for DNA data analysis, DNA databanks and training manpower to facilitate timely reporting to the requesting agencies. This handbook equips and enables police, investigators and crime analysis laboratories with knowhow of high-end tools, procedures and techniques to link or exclude a criminal to a crime. It is expected that this will be used by first responders, police, forensic analysts, judiciaries, evidence handlers and students and scholars of criminology and forensic sciences worldwide. The intention to write this handbook is to make DNA technology and its importance reach every common man and professional for correctly using it as a tool as and when required. This is quite evident that awareness of DNA technology has increased at a reasonable pace. Courts and investigating agencies are convinced and confident with its accuracy, reliability and unmatched peace delivered by various techniques of DNA fingerprinting and DNA profiling
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Legal contours for DNA evidence
No full textIn civil dispute resolution and criminal adjudication, human identification poses a daunting challenge for the investigator as well as the judge. In civil matters, human identification is obligatory for determining the parentage of a child, which may be required for dealing with a plethora of litigations related to parentage, inheritance, lineage, maintenance, divorce, etc. Disaster victim identification (DVI) with precision is equally challenging. Human identification, in criminal cases, is crucial for linking an accused or a suspect with a crime beyond all reasonable doubt. In many cases, recognition of the victim by normal morphological or biometric identification gets complicated especially if the body is either defaced, beheaded, putrefied, or when only the skeletal bodily remains are available for identification. DNA in, last three decades, has emerged as a potent evidentiary tool for human identification encompassing manifold usages. Any laboratory result offered by emerging forensic technology needs legal scrutiny before gaining acceptance as admissible evidence during court proceedings. In the courtroom, DNA inputs as evidence have undergone strict legal scrutiny; and various associated intertwined precepts have emerged after conquering the courtroom contest. This chapter begins with a need for corroboration followed by explaining various legal facets for admissibility of DNA in the legal proceedings establishing it as an independent truth machine free from any encumbrance. Jurisprudential concepts such as corroboration, admissibility standards, the doctrine of consent and self-incrimination, DNA databank, and legal regime on DNA evidence have been pondered to explain legal nuances of DNA as evidence in the court proceedings
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Forensic DNA in exonerations
No full textJustice is quintessence of life with dignity. Injustice results in individual’s frustration, social discontent and communal unrest resulting in breakdown of social order. In case, society perceives that the judicial system is not guarding the principles of justice, then faith of people depletes in the governing system, consequently may potentially promote rebellious tendencies against the state machinery. All men are born equal in liberty, but not in other endowments, according to the rule of nature. The principles of natural justice are the bedrock for legal system, and judges are primarily empowered for administration of justice. However, during judicial process, a judge may likely to commit two types of judicial errors for determination of guilt: firstly, convicting an innocent (false inculpatory finding or false positive), or secondly acquitting a guilty person (false exculpatory finding or false negative). Between two judicial errors, erroneous convictions are morally worse than wrongful acquittals since innocents are not liable to punishment. The public responses to the norms for determination of culpability or innocence are dynamic and vary with the seriousness of the offence
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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