101,999 research outputs found
Auf der Suche nach einem neurowissenschaftlich begründbaren Menschenbild
No full textDer Beitrag stellt Basiskonzepte für ein neurowissenschaftlich begründetes Menschenbild dar, wie es heute allen psychotherapeutischen Schulen zugrunde liegen sollte. Evolutions- und neurobiologische, sowie phänomenologische leibtheoretische Konzepte werden in integrativer Weise verbunden.This chapter is providing basic concepts for a model of man grounded in neuroscience as it should be nowadays the foundation of all psychotherapeutic schools. Concepts from evolutionary sciences and neurobiology are intertwined with ideas from phenomenological body theory in an integrative way.https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/18-2013-huether-g-petzold-h-g-2012-auf-der-suche-nach-einem-neurowissenschaftlich-begruend/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Integrative Perspektiven für die „klinische Sozialarbeit“ am Beispiel körperorientierter Interventionen für die Arbeit mit Jugendlichen: annotierte Experten-Interviews mit Gerald Hüther & Hilarion G. Petzold
No full textUm für eine klinische Sozialarbeit einen fundierenden theoretischen Hintergrund für körper-orientierte Arbeitsformen zu gewinnen wurden G. Hüther und H. Petzold als Experten zum Thema „Leiblichkeit“ und „Gehirn“ interviewt. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass Konzepte der Integrativen Therapie allgemein (etwa im Hinblick auf die „Therapeutische Beziehung“) aber auch spezifisch (etwa im Hinblick auf die Arbeit mir Traumatisierungen) eine hohe praxeologische Relevanz haben.In order to provide for clinical social work basic assumptions for body-oriented forms of practice G. Hüther and H. Petzold have been interviewed as experts concerning the topic “Corporeality” and “brain”. By this it became evident, that concepts of Integrative Therapy in general (e.g. concerning the therapeutic relationship) but also specifically (e.g. concerning the work with traumatization) are highly relevant for Praxeology.https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/16-2015-szczygiel-m-floren-m-huether-g-petzold-h-klinische-sozialarbeit-koerperorientiert/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Bibliographie Hilarion G. Petzold 1958 – 2009 mit Anhang als Einführung
No full textDieses Archiv enthält die Gesamtbibliographie der Werke des Autors nebst einiger Texte „Über H. G. Petzold“ im Schlussteil der Bibliographie sowie einen Anhang mit einer Einführung in die Architektur des Werkes in seinem wissenslogischen Aufbau als Ausarbeitung seines „Tree of Science Modells“ (2007).This archive contains the complete bibliography of the author and some texts about H. G. Petzold, moreover an epilogue with an introduction to the architecture of the works in its epistemological structure and composition and as an elaborations of Petzold’s „Tree of Science Modell (2007).https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/01-2009-petzold-h-g-gesamtbibliographie-h-g-petzold-1958-2009-updating-november2009/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
Effects of short-term modified fasting on sleep patterns and daytime vigilance in non-obese subjects: Results of a pilot study
No full textBackground: Periodically repeated short-term fasting is a frequently practised tradition worldwide. Empirical reports suggest that during fasting periods the quality of sleep and daytime performance are improved. The effects of a home-based 1-week modified fasting on sleep patterns and daytime vigilance and performance were analysed in 15 healthy non-obese volunteers. Methods: Sleep was measured by polysomnography before and after a 7-day fasting period; sleep inventories with assessment of daytime performance were collected throughout the observation period. Blood samples and urine were drawn at the beginning and at the end of fasting. Results: 13 subjects (12 females, 1 male; age 41.2 +/- 13.4 years; BMI 23.9 +/- 4.2 kg/m(2)) completed the fasting period; weight decreased from 66.5 +/- 11.7 kg to 63 +/- 11.9 kg. Compared to baseline, a significant decrease in arousals, a decrease in periodic leg movements (PLM) and a non-significant increase in REM sleep were observed at the end of fasting. Subjective sleep ratings showed a fasting-induced increasein global quality of sleep, daytime concentration, vigour and emotional balance. Clinical laboratory tests showed a decrease in serum magnesium; urinary melatonin excretion decreased moderately. Conclusion: This open pilot study demonstrates that along with a decrease in sleep arousals a 1-week fasting period promotes the quality of sleep and daytime performance in non-obese subjects. The observed decrease in PLM might point to a nutritional modification of brain dopaminergic functions. In terms of evolutionary development, an improved daytime performance during periods of food deprivation could have been beneficial for the success in search for food. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel
Ketamine-induced changes in rat behaviour: A possible animal model of schizophrenia
No full textIt was investigated whether subchronic application of 30 mg/kg ketamine (Ket) induces reliable changes in behaviour and parameters of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic neurotransmissions, which might be the basis of an animal model in schizophrenia research. To test this, rats were injected with 30 mg/kg ip Ket daily for five consecutive days. In response to the first Ket injection, there was a decrease in activity time representing an acute Ket effect. Following the fifth injection, there were no differences between Ket- and saline (sal)-injected control rats in activity time, which might be a tolerance reaction. The following experiments were performed 2 or 4 weeks after Ket treatment. There were no effects on anxiety in either vehicle or Ket-treated rats using either low or high illumination levels in the elevated plus-maze. In the social interaction test, both groups of rats spent comparable times in social contact. The percentage of nonaggressive behaviour was decreased in Ket-treated rats. Two weeks after completion of the treatment, there was no effect on prepulse inhibition (PPI). Four weeks after the final Ket injection, latent inhibition (LI) was disrupted. There was no difference in the animals' activity in reaction to apomorphine (Apo) administration. Ket-treated rats injected with 0.1 mg/kg MK-801 showed an enhancement in locomotor activity. Ket treatment leads to an increase in D2 receptor binding in the hippocampus and a decrease in glutamate receptor binding in the frontal cortex. The authors did not find any changes in D1 receptor binding. The density of dopamine transporters was increased in the striatum. The density of 5-HT transporters was increased in the striatum, the hippocampus, and the frontal cortex. The results suggest that subchronic treatment with subanaesthetic doses of Ket induce schizophrenia-related alterations, which might be a useful animal model in the study of this disease. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ziprasidone decreases cortisol excretion in healthy subjects
No full textAims To determine the influence of the atypical antipsychotic ziprasidone on cortisol excretion. Methods In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over design 11 healthy male subjects were studied twice for 2 consecutive nights (N1, undisturbed sleep conditions; N2, exposure to acoustic stress) 5 days apart. Placebo or ziprasidone 40 mg was administered orally 2 h before bedtime on N1 and N2. Urine was collected during three fractionated collection periods (evening; night; morning) for the later determination of cortisol concentrations by standard radioimmunoassays. Results Ziprasidone decreased the total amount of cortisol excreted by 4.9 (95% CI 3.3, 6.5) mu g during N1 and by 10.8 (95% CI 5.7, 15.8) mu g during N2 (P < 0.002). This effect was still detectable in the morning (P < 0.02), with decreases of 5.8 (95% CI -2.8, 14.4) mu g after N1 and by 12.1 (95% CI 2.8, 21.4) mu g after N2. The effect subsided in the evening. A significant intervention-condition interaction (P < 0.02), was found. The significant increase in cortisol excretion during acoustic stress observed with placebo was absent after treatment with ziprasidone. Conclusions The significant decrease in nocturnal cortisol excretion following ziprasidone reflects a decreased activity of the HPA-axis in healthy subjects. This effect may be an important contributor to the mode of action of ziprasidone in different patient populations, particularly in the treatment of depression and in cognitive impairment in schizophrenia
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3346: Samuel G. Freedman, author, 2013
No full textPhotograph of author Samuel G. Freedman, at NT Daily Slash meeting in the Mayborn School of Journalism at UNT
The short-term effects of fasting on the neuroendocrine system in patients with chronic pain syndromes
No full textIt is commonly reported that short term fasting leads to mood enhancement and emotional harmonisation. We investigated psychosocial well-being and the neuroendocrine response, assessed by nightly urinary excretion of cortisol and catecholamines, in 28 inpatients with chronic pain syndromes during and after a one-week modified fast. Twenty-two of the patients (51.4 +/- 2.7 years, BMI 26.8 +/- 1.0 kg/m(2)) participated in a 7-day fast with daily intake of 300 kcal/day, six control patients (47.5 +/- 4.0 years; BMI 22.9 +/- 1.1 kg/m(2)) received a vegetarian-based diet. With fasting significant increases of the urinary concentration of noradrenaline (17.8 +/- 3.0-27.8 +/- 3.8 mug/ml), adrenaline (1.5 +/- 0.2-3.4 +/- 0.7 mug/ml) and cortisol (26.1 +/- 3.7-40.7 +/- 6.1 mug/ml) were observed, whereas controls showed no significant endocrine changes. The neuroendocrine response to fasting was pronounced in younger subjects (age 25 kg/m(2), moreover the increase in cortisol excretion was significantly higher in subjects with lower baseline cortisol levels. Mood and well-being increased non-significantly in both groups. Fasting was well tolerated, and regarded as beneficial by most fasting patients. Our results show that short-term fasting leads to neuroendocrine activation and may suggest that the extent of this response is dependent on the individual metabolic and endocrine state at baseline
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