1,721,054 research outputs found
The impact of EU law and the ECHR on national constitutional adjudication in the European legal space
No full textThis chapter describes the influence of European Union Law and the European Convention on Human Rights on the structure of constitutional adjudication, in particular in states with specialized constitutional courts. While these courts had held the monopoly on the judicial review of legislation before, the primacy of Union law substantially moved competences in this field to ordinary domestic courts. In states without constitutional review of legislation, it even moved competences not only within the judiciary but also between the three branches of the state. Similarly, the emergence of the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights as constitutional courts of Europe has meant that the national constitutional courts have lost their power of the ‘final say’. Recent, sometimes hostile, jurisprudence by national constitutional courts towards the European courts can also be explained as reaction to this shift of power
Der Einfluss von Unionsrecht und der EMRK auf die nationale Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit im europäischen Rechtsraum
No full textThis paper examines the impact of EU law and of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights on domestic constitutional adjudication in the European legal space
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Direkte Demokratie in der Schweiz – Landesbericht 2012
Full text linkThis country report analyzes the surprising success of the Chalet-Initiative. The Initiative imposes a strict limit of 20% on secondary residences within each community, thereby in effect ending construction of vacation residences in the mountainous cantons of Switzerland. Accordingly, the dividing line of the vote runs between the city dwellers intent on environmental protection and the rural population relying on construction to ensure economic progress of their canton. The report also looks at the collection time for initiatives and finds strong differences between "quick" initiatives with broad public support that need as few as 157 days to reach the 100'000 limit and "slow" initiatives in need of most of the 549 days available (18 month limit). The average over the last 10 years is a collection time of 478 days, signaling particular support for all initiatives that need less than 200 days. Finally, the report looks at the problematic procedure for signature authentication by the communes. Prone to delay, that requirement has already resulted in the failure of referendums that should have succeeded in collecting the required 50'000 signatures
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