161 research outputs found
Benedikte Naubert and Sir Walter Scott: Further Suggestions towards a Genealogy of the Historical Novel
No full textBenedikte Naubert and Sir Walter Scott: Further Suggestions towards a Genealogy of the Historical Novel
No full textHaftpflichtprozesse aufgrund von Menschenrechtsverletzungen im Ausland: prozessuale Hürden der Konzernverantwortungsinitiative
No full textGender as a moderator of the fair process effect
No full textThis paper examines gender as a moderator of the fair-process effect in an ultimatum game setting. Results from games with 112 German high-school students support the hypothesis that fair procedures can decrease rejection behavior in unfair human allocation decisions. Furthermore, procedural fairness results in a statistically significant difference for women in accepting an unfair distribution. In contrast, procedural fairness appears to have no significant impact on men’s rejection behavior. However, we found no significant gender differences in the perception of procedural fairness. We conclude that, although men perceive procedural fairness similarly to women, this aspect is less important for determining their subsequent behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved
Psychotische Störungen im DSM-5
No full textThis article provides an overview of the main changes in the chapter "Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders" from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5, which, once again, does not make allowance for potential characteristics of children and adolescents. Changes in the main text include abandoning the classical subtypes of Schizophrenia as well as of the special significance of Schneider's first-rank symptoms, resulting in the general requirement of two key features (one having to be a positive symptom) in the definition of Schizophrenia and the allowance for bizarre contents in Delusional Disorders. Further introduced are the diagnosis of a delusional obsessive-compulsive/body dysmorphic disorder exclusively as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, the specification of affective episodes in Schizoaffective Disorder, and the formulation of a distinct subchapter "Catatonia" for the assessment of catatonic features in the context of several disorders. In Section III (Emerging Measures and Models) there is a recommendation for a dimensional description of psychoses. A likely source of confusion lies in the double introduction of an "Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome." On the one hand, a vague description is provided among "Other Specified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders" in the main text; on the other hand, there is a precise definition in Section III as a "Condition for Further Study." There is some cause to worry that this vague introduction of the attenuated psychosis syndrome in the main text might indeed open the floodgates to an overdiagnosis of subthreshold psychotic symptoms and their early pharmacological treatment.Es wird eine Übersicht über die hauptsächlichen Änderungen des Kapitels «Schizophrenie-Spektrum und andere psychotische Störungen» von DSM-IV-TR zu DSM-5 gegeben, in dem erneut etwaigen Besonderheiten von Kindern und Jugendlichen nicht Rechnung getragen wird. Diese umfassen im Haupttext den Verzicht auf die klassischen Subtypen der Schizophrenie sowie die Aufgabe des besonderen Stellenwerts der Schneider’schen Erstrangsymptome und damit verbunden die Forderung von mindestens zwei Leitsymptomen (obligatorisch mindestens ein Positivsymptom) bei der Schizophrenie sowie Zulassung bizarrer Wahninhalte auch bei Wahnhaften Störungen. Neu sind zudem die Kodierung wahnhafter Zwangs-/Körperdysmorpher Störungen ausschließlich unter den Zwangsstörungen, die Präzisierung affektiver Episoden bei der Schizoaffektiven Störung und die Einführung einer eigenen Sektion «Katatonie» zur Beschreibung katatoner Symptome innerhalb verschiedendster Krankheitsbilder. In der Sektion III (Aufkommende Messmittel und Modelle) findet sich zudem der Vorschlag einer dimensionalen Beschreibung von Psychosen. Verwirrend ist die doppelte Einführung eines «Attenuated Psychosis» Syndromes: zum einen vage umschrieben unter die «Anderen spezifizierten Schizophrenie-Spektrum und anderen psychotischen Störungen» im Haupttext, zum anderen klar definiert unter die «Bedingungen mit weiterem Forschungsbedarf» der Sektion III. Mit dieser nicht spezifizierten Aufnahme des Attenuated Psychosis Syndromes in den Haupttext ist einer befürchteten Überdiagnostizierung subschwelliger psychotischer Symptome und deren frühzeitiger psychopharmakologischer Behandlung nun doch Tür und Tor geöffnet
Vibration and Noise Exposure during Pre-Commercial Thinning Operations: What Are the Ergonomic Benefits of the Latest Generation Professional-Grade Battery-Powered Chainsaws?
No full textIn order to compare the vibration and noise exposure of STIHL’s battery-powered MSA 220 C and the combustion driven MS 201 C, a professional operator was monitored during a pre-commercial thinning operation in a twenty-year-old hardwood stand. The vibration levels were measured with a tri-axial accelerometer on the front and rear handle of both the chainsaws, and assigned to five different work elements using a video documentation. Additionally, noise levels were recorded in one-minute intervals, with a dosemeter worn by the operator. The results show that battery-powered chainsaws, when compared to combustion-driven chainsaws, can reduce the daily vibration exposure by more than 45% and the noise dose by about 78.4%, during pre-commercial thinning tasks. Replacing combustion-driven chainsaws with battery-powered ones is therefore generally recommended, to reduce occupational health risks for operators, in this respect. However, the daily vibration exposure of about 2.42 m/s2, caused by the battery-powered chainsaw on the front handle, is still very close to the daily exposure action value set by the EU directives for health and safety requirements. The daily noise exposure of 89.18 dB(A) even exceeds the upper exposure action value. Consequently, a further reduction in the vibration exposure during work is desirable. With respect to noise exposure, additional measures must be implemented for conformity with the current safety standards, making the use of hearing protectors mandatory for electric chainsaws, too
Early detection of psychosis in children and adolescents - have developmental particularities been sufficiently considered?
No full textThe early detection and treatment of persons at risk for psychosis is currently regarded as a promising strategy in fighting the devastating consequences of psychotic disorders. The two current favored at-risk approaches, i.e., the «ultra high risk» and the «basic symptom» criteria, were developed mainly using adult samples. Initial evidence suggests, however, that they cannot simply be applied to children and adolescents. For «ultra-high risk» criteria, there is indication of some attenuated psychotic symptoms being potentially nonspecific in adolescents, and of brief limited intermittent symptoms being difficult to clinically classify in children when observable behavioral correlates are missing. For basic symptoms, too, only a preliminary indication of their usefulness in children and adolescents exists. Since developmental peculiarities in the assessment of basic symptoms should be considered, a child and youth version of the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument (SPI-CY) was developed. In conclusion, research on the clinical-prognostic validity of the at-risk criteria and their potential adaption to the special needs of children and adolescents is needed. If a «Prodromal Risk Syndrome for Psychosis» or «Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms Syndrome» are included in the upcoming DSM-5, it should be highlighted that its suitability for children and adolescents is only insufficiently known.Die Früherkennung und Frühbehandlung von Personen mit erhöhtem Psychoserisiko gilt derzeit als vielversprechende Strategie, die weitreichenden negativen Konsequenzen psychotischer Störungen zu reduzieren. Die beiden derzeitigen Risikokriteriensätze, die «ultra-high risk» und die Basissymptom-Kriterien, wurden vorwiegend an Erwachsenenstichproben entwickelt. Erste Studien sprechen dafür, dass diese Kriterien nur eingeschränkt auf Kinder und Jugendliche übertragbar sein könnten. Für die «ultra-high risk»-Kriterien gibt es Hinweise, dass einige attenuierte psychotische Symptome im Jugendalter möglicherweise nicht ausreichend spezifisch und, wenn beobachtbare Verhaltenskorrelate fehlen, kurze intermittierende psychotische Symptome im Kindesalter schwer klassifizierbar sind. Auch für die Basissymptom-Kriterien liegen nur sehr vorläufige Hinweise auf ihre Eignung bei Kindern und Adoleszenten vor. Da entwicklungsbezogene Besonderheiten auch bei der Erhebung von Basissymptomen berücksichtigt werden sollten, wurde eine Kinder- und Jugendversion des Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument (SPI-CY) entwickelt, die in der vorgelegten Arbeit vorgestellt wird. Somit sind gezielte Studien zur Validierung und ggf. Adaptation der Risikokriterien für Kinder und Jugendliche dringend erforderlich, insbesondere wenn ein «Prodromal Risk Syndrome for Psychosis» oder «Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms Syndrome» in das DSM-5 aufgenommen wird. In diesem Fall müsste betont werden, dass die klinisch-prognostische Validität dieses Risikosyndroms für Kinder und Jugendliche noch unzureichend geklärt ist
Laudatio auf Hartmut von Hentig
No full textHuber L. Laudatio auf Hartmut von Hentig. In: Stübig F, ed. Die Schule der Zukunft gewinnt Gestalt. Gehaltene und ungehaltene Reden anlässlich der Ehrenpromotionen von Hartmut von Hentig und Wolfgang Klafki an der Universität Kassel am 5. Mai 2004. Kasseler Universitätsreden. Vol 13. Kassel: Kassel Univ. Press; 2005: 25-35
Author Commentary: Mobile Music Technology: From Innovation to Ubiquitous Use
No full textThis author commentary chapter accompanies the re-publication of my co-authored 2006 paper ‘Mobile Music Technology: Report on an Emerging Community’ - one of 30 papers selected from 1,200 NIME papers to be included in the book ‘A NIME Reader: Fifteen Years of New Interfaces for Musical Expression, published by Springer and edited by Alexander Refsum Jensenius and Michael J. Lyons
Author Correction: A shared neural basis underlying psychiatric comorbidity
No full textCorrection to: Nature Medicine. Published online 24 April 2023. In the version of this article initially published, the STRATIFY data also included cohort data from the ESTRA consortium, though this was not acknowledged in the author list and the section in Methods on the Stratify dataset. The Methods are now updated, and the author list is amended to combine the STRATIFY and ESTRA consortium names and to include the following authors: Marina Bobou, M. John Broulidakis, Betteke Maria van Noort, Zuo Zhang, Lauren Robinson, Nilakshi Vaidya, Jeanne Winterer, Yuning Zhang, Sinead King, Hervé Lemaître, Ulrike Schmidt, Julia Sinclair, Argyris Stringaris and Sylvane Desrivières. The STRATIFY and ESTRA consortia are now combined to list Marina Bobou, M. John Broulidakis, Betteke Maria van Noort, Zuo Zhang, Lauren Robinson, Nilakshi Vaidya, Jeanne Winterer, Yuning Zhang, Sinead King, Gareth J. Barker, Arun L. W. Bokde, Hervé Lemaître, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Ulrike Schmidt, Julia Sinclair, Argyris Stringaris, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Sylvane Desrivières and Gunter Schumann as members, and the IMAGEN consortium is updated to also include Sylvane Desrivières. Affiliations, author contributions and acknowledgements have been updated to reflect the new authorship, and all changes have been made in the HTML and PDF versions of the article
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