1,721,228 research outputs found
Une analyse des réseaux sociaux est-elle utile pour le management ? Puissances et limites d'une théorie de l'encastrement structural
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A market for weather risk ? Worlds in conflict and compromising.
Full text linkIn this paper we study the development of the market for weather derivatives in Europe. We show that weather derivatives conceived as financial products by their promoters have difficulties finding end-users. We describe the attempts of market promoters using a framework drawn from economic sociology, namely the theory provided by Boltanski and Thevenot's Economy of Worth. We derive some conclusions about the potential future of the market.Social studies of finance; Weather risk; OTC market;
The Awakening of Critical Management Studies in France: Mimicry or a Process of Coming Out?
No full textInternational audienceIn contrast to Scandinavia and countries like the United Kingdom and Australia, the emergence of Critical Management Studies (CMS) in France is a relatively recent phenomenon. This rather delayed development is made all the more enigmatic by the fact that CMS is a field that has drawn on French critical theory, as is clear, for example, from the heavy reliance on the work of Bourdieu, Foucault, Deleuze, Lacan and Derrida in research from the English-speaking world
Compliance Officer : From the Practice of Institutions to the Institutionalisation of Practices
No full textCette recherche a pour objet la déontologie des pratiques financières, soit le corps de règles applicables aux acteurs intervenant sur les marchés financiers. Elle étudie la fonction déontologie, pierre angulaire du dispositif de contrôle de conformité en place chez les prestataires de services d’investissement. A travers cette fonction, ce sont ainsi les modalités de diffusion des normes dans les pratiques qui sont mises en lumière, une dissémination qui concourt à l’institutionnalisation de pratiques légitimes visant à réduire le risque de réputation porté par les activités. Nous étudions comment les déontologues parviennent à déployer un dispositif discursif effectuant un passage de textes normatifs génériques à des contextes pratiques spécifiques, afin de performer la pratique de marché en la corsetant et en lui conférant une forme de légitimité. L’explication, d’orientation sociale-constructionniste, se nourrit d’une observation participante de longue durée chez un courtier actions.The research aims at studying the compliance of financial practices, the body of rules applicable to financial market participants. It studies the compliance function, a cornerstone of the compliance control system in place within financial services providers. Through this function, we highlight the ways in which norms are disseminated within practices, a dissemination that contributes to the institutionalisation of legitimate practices, aimed at reducing the reputational risk supported by the activities. We study how compliance officers achieve the deployment of discursive devices, making the transition from generic normative texts to specific practical contexts : such a transition can be said to perform market practices, by framing and making these legitimate. The explanation, which draws on a social-constructionist approach, has been elaborated from a long-lasting participant observation within an equity brokerage house.ou
Institutional maintenance as a work of justification : case study of the credit rating industry
No full textLe travail institutionnel de maintien n’a été que rarement étudié dans les analyses néoinstitutionnelles. Nous proposons d’instruire cette notion grâce à l’étude empirique de la notation de crédit. L’industrie de la notation de crédit est le lieu d’un paradoxe qui tient à l’opposition entre la vigoureuse résistance dont elle fait la preuve alors qu’elle est dans le même temps fortement critiquée. En nous basant sur l’approche des économies de la grandeur de Boltanski et Thévenot, nous procédons à l’analyse du travail institutionnel de justification réalisé par les acteurs lors des consultations publiques menées par la Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) américaine au cours de la décennie 2000-2010. Une étude qualitative de 340 commentaires a été réalisée à l’aide d’un codage assisté par le logiciel NVivo. L’analyse indique que les controverses ont permis la réaffirmation des principes de légitimité en vigueur, empêchant en pratique toute modification du statu quo. Lors de cette période, nous distinguons un premier travail de maintien résidant en une confirmation simple de l’existant, et un processus de maintien plus complexe et dynamique au cours duquel des logiques multiples sont agencées d’une manière entraînant la réaffirmation des principes de légitimité en vigueur et le rejet de toute logique étrangère au compromis en place. Le paradoxe de la notation de crédit précédemment établi doit donc être reconsidéré : la contestation de la notation nourrit précisément le maintien institutionnel dans l’industrie. Dans sa stabilité, il faut donc ici concevoir l’institution comme étant indissociable de sa contestation.The work of maintaining institutions has been barely studied by neo-institutional analysis. We propose to enrich this notion thanks to the empirical study of credit rating. The credit rating industry is characterized by a paradox that lies in the opposition between the permanence that comes with this phenomenon while it is strongly criticized. Based on the approach of Boltanski and Thévenot’s economies of worth, we carry out an analysis of the institutional work of justification performed by the actors at the time of the public consultations led by the American Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) during the 2000-2010 crisis of justification. A qualitative analysis of 340 comments was conducted using NVivo software. The analysis indicates that the controversies permitted a reaffirmation of the established legitimacy principles, impeding any actual modification of the status quo. During the considered period, we distinguish between a first work of maintenance, lying on a simple confirmation of what actually is, and a process of maintenance much more complex and dynamic, in which various logics are put together in a way that leads to the reaffirmation of the effective legitimacy principles and to the rejection of any logic not involved in the compromise. The previously enounced paradox of credit rating shall therefore be reconsidered: the contestation of rating is precisely fueling the institutional maintenance in the industry. In its stability, the institution is to be conceived here as inseparable from its contestation.ou
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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