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Globalization, Transnational Flows, and Urban Enclaves: A Case Study of the Immigrant Community of the Chinese Burmese in Jhonghe, Taipei
No full text移民社區的現象一直是許多都市研究所關注的焦點，這些被稱作為都市飛地的移民社區，在都市空間裡往往角色曖昧、神秘，然而移民社區卻是國家與國加之間政治、經濟等折衝關係下的產物，都市飛地本身亦隨著都市發展的腳步而有所流變。本研究主要了解移民社區在全球流動下的改變，我以中和南勢角之「緬甸街」為田野地點，並從公民身分、空間與認同三個主要概念，討論移民社區的形成、擴張，以及在全球脈絡下的轉化。 本研究藉參與觀察、訪談等方式檢視緬甸街的日常生活，發現由緬甸華僑所構築的「緬甸街」移民社區，是透過緬甸華僑不斷來回移動，並在跨國社會網絡之持下於都市空間所展現出的異文化表徵，它是緬甸推、台灣拉的產物，也是移民持續跨國移動的表現，更是移民維繫日常生活的所在。隨著台北都會區擴張，緬甸街成為都市再發展的策略之一，此都市飛地正逐漸褪去原來的邊緣特質，轉向新興的發展地帶。 緬甸華僑由於具有雙重公民的彈性身分，使緬甸街得以成為其長久以來維繫身分、生計與參與社會政治生活的地方，然而此彈性公民的身分卻也意外提供緬甸華僑跨界與向外流動的機會，使原來已有歧異認同的緬甸華僑群體，產生游移、選擇性身分認同之情形。緬甸街作為移民社區的功能因此不斷重組。近年來全球化流動更進一步形塑緬甸街，除了全球資本帶給緬甸街新的面貌外，來自各方的新移民更賦予緬甸街各種同的想像與意義，讓緬甸街從都市飛地轉化為多移民的接收器，同時在認同流動的情況下，其意義也從家，轉化全球流動中的跳板。透過緬甸街的案例，本研究最後回應傳統移民理論的缺漏與限制，並提示對於移民社區之研究，應放置於國家、資本與移民與全球流動的相互作用下來討論。Immigrant communities have been the focus of urban studies. For people who don’t live in these urban enclaves, these places are loaded with marginal and enigmatic images. However, these immigrant spaces are shaped by the social networks and political struggles through multiple levels of territorial scales. By focusing on Hua-Hsin Street of Taipei, the immigrant community of Chinese Burmese, this research aims to explore the characters of spatial changes and the place identity within the global dynamic of urban development and people’s flows. The interactive forces among three dimensions: citizenship, space and identity form the theoretical lens to this research. Based on the observation and interviews in the daily life of the Burmese community, it argues that the community was shaped and constantly reconfigured by the transnationalism between the sending place in Burma and the residence in Taipei. Their community space at the Hua-Hsin Street expresses a unique cultural representation of ethnic enclave in the urban area. And the social networks of the immigrants work to compensate the weakness of citizenship. However, along with the expansion of the mega-urban region of Taipei, Hua-Hsin Street is under development pressure from both local government and developers, which lead to both the threats and changes of its spatial characters. Hua-Hsin Street overtime has served as a social space for Chinese Burmese to keep their cultural identity, social networks and ethnic economy. However, the meaning of the place as home to Chinese Burmese is contested. On the one hand, various types of citizenship among the Chinese Burmese highly intermediate the levels and forms of their place identities and the tightening policy on citizenship have turned Hua-Hsin Street more difficult to be ‘home’. Furthermore, as an urban enclave without clear boundaries in the fast growing area, the social discrimination and exclusion between local Taiwan people and the Chinese Burmese and their descents are detectable. Besides, growing numbers of new immigrants from Southeast Asian countries from the 1990s, including migrant workers and spouses who live, work, or frequent Hua-Hsin Street also further turn it into a place with higher ethnic hybridity. Lastly, real estate developers, business groups like coke cola, and the local government’s programs of marketing Hua-Hsin Street as a tourist spot are reshaping the local landscapes rapidly. These dimensions together shape the dynamic nature of Hua-Hsin Street in a global era.第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………1一節 研究緣起………………………………………………………2二節 文獻回顧………………………………………………………3三節 研究問題………………………………………………………7四節 研究方法………………………………………………………9五節 章節安排………………………………………………………11二章 主體的形成：在台灣的緬甸華僑……………………………13一節 緬甸華僑的移動………………………………………………14二節 在台灣的緬甸華僑……………………………………………20三節 小結……………………………………………………………26三章 緬甸街空間與社會網絡的發展………………………………27一節 台北都會區—南勢角的發展…………………………………28二節 緬甸街的生活圈與日常生活節奏……………………………31三節 緬甸街的社會生活網絡………………………………………38四節 空間再發展……………………………………………………48五節 小結……………………………………………………………53四章 從跨國社區到全球化的移工／移民社區……………………55一節 緬甸街的新移民………………………………………………55二節 在地「共和國」………………………………………………60三節 想像「移民的第一站」………………………………………63四節 小結：緬甸街是移民的終點或跳板？………………………68五章 身分認同的重塑與流動………………………………………69一節 是緬甸華僑還是台灣人？僑民身分的允諾與失落…………69二節 緬甸街作為家的想像…………………………………………74三節 小結……………………………………………………………77六章 結論：重塑緬甸街……………………………………………78一節 各章簡述………………………………………………………78二節 理論對話………………………………………………………79考書目…………………………………………………………………84錄………………………………………………………………………9
Austenite Reversion of Fe-15 Mn-0.03 C (wt. %) Steel
No full text此研究中，以熱膨脹儀來進行退火及利用Koistinen-Marburger 方程式和量測晶粒大小，可以估計Ms溫度並與熱膨脹曲線量出的Ms比較，可以發現較低的退火溫度時導致晶粒尺寸較小，Ms溫度也較低，說明了經由降低晶粒尺寸，原本平衡上不穩定的沃斯田鐵可以被保留到室溫成為介穩相。 此外，此研究透過穿透式電子顯微鏡、X 光繞射、電子背向散射以及穿透式菊池繞射技術分析Fe-15 Mn-0.03 C (in wt. %) 鋼之顯微結構及機械性質，研究顯示當退火溫度較低時雖然晶粒尺寸較小，但能達到高強度及極佳的延展性，最好的拉伸性質為在600 °C 及650 °C 退火，原因為低退火溫度造成沃斯田鐵晶粒細化，在淬火至室溫時可以有效的抑制麻田散鐵相變態，因此當塑性變形時，細晶粒介穩態沃斯田鐵經由TRIP 效應轉變成ε 麻田散鐵及α''麻田散鐵，提供高強度及極佳的延展性。In this work, the annealing is carried out by dilatometer. Applying the Koistinen-Marburger equation and calculated grain size, the Ms temperature was estimated and compared to which was measured from dilatometeric curve. It was found that annealing at a lower temperature leads to extremely small grains and low Ms temperature. This demonstrates that chemically unstable austenite can be preserved as a metastable phase at room temperature when a significant reduction in grain size is achieved. Besides, the annealed microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-15 Mn-0.03 C (in wt. %) steel have been investigated by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray analysis, electron backscattered diffraction and transmission Kikuchi diffraction in this work. It was found that annealing at a lower temperature leads to both high tensile strength and excellent elongation in spite of its extremely small grains. The best tensile properties is found annealing at 600 °C and 650 °C, which leading to both high tensile strength (~1.2GPa) and excellent elongation (~35%). The reason is that refinement of austenite grain size due to lowering annealing temperature could significantly inhibits martensite transformation during quenching to room temperature. Hence, during plastic deformation, tiny and metastable austenite transformed into ε martensite and α'' martensite, producing high strength and excellent ductility via TRIP effects
Modulation of the inhibitory synaptic transmission from external globus pallidus to subthalamic nucleus
No full text在大腦深層，基底核由許多不同的核區所組成，主要功能為人體自主運動的控制，並且在認知、行為、情感等方面上也扮演一重要的角色。若基底核發生病變，會導致人體運動以及認知上的障礙。視丘下核(subthalamic nucleus)是帕金森氏症腦部深層電刺激治療的主要刺激部位。其中，由外側蒼白球(globus pallidus externa)到視丘下核為抑制性的GABA神經傳導。此外，傳入視丘下核的神經傳導物質有glutamate、GABA、acetylcholine、dopamine以及serotonin。本研究的目的為探討這些神經傳導物質，是否會對於外側蒼白球到視丘下核的抑制性訊息傳導路徑產生不同的影響。因此實驗利用小鼠的腦切片，在視丘下核做whole-cell voltage clamp，記錄來自外側蒼白球誘發的抑制性後突觸電流。初步研究發現在視丘下核記錄到的抑制性後突觸電流為paired-pulse depression。此外，cholinergic agonist (carbachol)對此抑制性GABA電流的paired-pulse ratio (PPR)無顯著性的影響，但記錄到的電流均變小，對此GABA的突觸強度有抑制效果。而在dopaminergic agonist方面，記錄到電流的PPR均沒有顯著差異，但對其突觸強度的影響則有所不同，D1 agonist (A68930)對其有些微增強的作用、D2 agonist (sumauirole maleate)對其有抑制的作用，以及對D1與D2 receptor均可活化的非選擇性dopamine agonist (apamorphine)有較顯著的抑制作用。serotonin agonist (5-carboxamidotryptamin maleate)則對抑制性GABA電流的PPR以及突觸強度均沒有顯著的影響。誌謝…………………………………………………………………………………….i
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………..…... ii
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………….....iii
第一章 導論………………………………………………………………….….…1
1.1 基底核
1.2 視丘下核的電生理性質
1.3 視丘下核的神經連結
1.4 視丘下核上的受體(receptor)
1.5 不同神經傳導物質在視丘下核的作用
1.6 視丘下核在生理以及疾病治療上扮演的角色
第二章 材料與方法…………………………………………………………..….13
2.1 腦切片的製備
2.2 玻璃電極的製備
2.3 壓片器的製備
2.4 細胞電生理紀錄以及電刺激
2.5 藥品
2.6 數據取得及分析
第三章 結果………………………………………………………………...…….17
3.1 GPe-STN GABAergic突觸電流
3.2 Carbachol對GPe-STN GABAergic eIPSC有抑制的作用
3.3 Muscarinic receptor與carbachol抑制GPe-STN突觸強度的作用有關
3.4 Nicotinic receptor與carbachol抑制GPe-STN突觸強度的作用沒有顯著的
相關
3.5 Carbachol對於GPe-STN spontaneous IPSCs frequency沒有顯著的影響
3.6 5-carboxamidotryptamine maleate (5-CT)對於GPe-STN synapses沒有顯著
的作用
3.7 Apomorphine對GPe-STN突觸電流有抑制的作用
3.8 D1 receptor的活化對GPe-STN突觸強度有稍微增強的作用
3.9 D2 receptor與dopamine抑制GPe-STN突觸強度的作用有關
第四章 討論………………………………………………………...……………22
4.1 Acetylcholine的調控功能
4.2 Serotonin的調控功能
4.3 Dopamine的調控功能
參考文獻………………………………………………………………...……...…...4
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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