3,413 research outputs found
Optical measurements of pore geometry and fluid velocity in a bed of irregularly packed spheres.
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(29(2):115-130)Effects of the application of plant growth regulators on yield components of early maturing rice
No full text以早熟稻品種日本晴（Nipponbare），廣陸矮 4 號（Kwang - lu - ai 4）及本地現行栽培品種臺農 67 號（Tainung 67）為材料，於 1978 年 1、2 期作種植於田間。在分蘗開始期及分蘗盛期施用 Chloroflurenol ( IT3456 , methyl-2-Chloro-9-hydroxy-fluroene -(9)-carbo-xylate ) 1 mM，並於幼穗分化期、孕穗期及乳熟期加施 50 ppm 之 SNA ( sodium naphthal - ene acetic acid) 與 2000 倍稀釋液之 SNP ( sodium nitrophenol) 之混合液，以及 50 ppm 之 GA3 ( gibberellin )，調查其對稻作生育之反應及對產量之影響。試驗結果摘要如下：（1）施用 Chloroflurenol 對分蘗數之增加有顯著之效果（1 期作增加 3~12 % , 2 期作增加 9~19 %），但所增加之分藥大部份為無效分蘗，且由於分蘗數之增加會導致-穗平均粒數及千粒重之降低。（2）生育後期加施 SNA 與 SNP 混合液可使增加之無效分蘗成為有效分蘗，-株穗數、發育穎花數、結實率及千粒重亦增加，因而使產量增加 4 - 11%（1 期作）及 5 – 14%（2 期作）。（3）加施 GA3 對株高、穗長及粒長有顯著影響外，對其他農藝性狀效果不穩定。（4）三供試品種間，以臺農 67 號對不同生長素處理有較好之反應；稉型早熟品種日本晴因施用 Chloroflurenol 而促進之分藥數增加效果最大；秈型早熟品種廣陸矮 4 號對上述生長素處理，則在一株穗數、千粒重及株高方面較其他供試品種增加效果大。
A sudy was carried out to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators, chloroflurenol (IT 3456, methl-2-chloro-9-hydroxy-fluroene-9-carboxylate ; 1 mM), SNA (sodium naphthalene acetic acid; 50 ppm) +SNP (sodium nitrophenol; 2000 X) and gibberellin (GA3 50 ppm) on grain yield and yield components of paddy rice. Two early maturing rice Nipponbare, Kwang-lu-ai 4 and the local cultivar Tainung 67 were used in this experiment. The following results were obtained.
1. The application of chloroflurenol alone increased tiller number per plant by 3-12% in the first rice season and Ly 9-19% in the second season. However, most of the increased tillers did not bear panicles. No striking effect on grain yield was obtained since mean spikelet number per panicle and 1000-grain-weight were reduced by this treatment.
2. SNA and SNP mixture treatment showed the effects of increasing panicle number, particularly by promoting the additional tillers caused by chloroflurenol treatment to bear effective panicles. Number of florets in the secondary branch position, seed-set percentage and 1000-grain-weight were also increased, especially in the second crop season. Grain yield was increased by 4-11% and 5-14% in the first and second rice seasons, respectly.
3. GA3 treatment significantly affected the plant height and length of panicles and spikelets. Most significant effect was found on the semi-dwarf variety Kwang-lu-ai 4, Spikelet number per plant and seed-set percentage also increased slightly, whereas1000-grain-weight dropped. Other agronomic characters showed relatively unstable results. This treatment caused the reduction of grain yield of Kwang-lu-ai 4 in the first and of all cultivars in the second crop season.
4. Highly significant differences in grain yield and yield components were found among the three cultivars tested. Different growth regulator treatments had more favourable influence on Tainung 67 than on other cultivars, particularly in grain yield. The application of chloroflurenol could increase the tiller number of Nipponbare, but not 1000-grain-weight and grain yield. The treatment of chloroflurenol, SNA+SNP, and GA3 had more favorable influence on the panicle number per plant, 1000-grain-weight and plant height for Kwang-lu-ai 4 than for other cultivars, and its grain yield showed a slight increase also
(32(3):201-208)Studies on the Improvement of Blast Disease Resistance of Japonica Rice, Tainung 67
No full text為改良臺農67 號之稻熱病抵抗性，於民國68 年第二期作開始以抗稻熱病品種TKM-6 , Ml-48 , Dawn , Tetep , carreon , Shensho 及Dular 等為父本與臺農67 號雜交，後以臺農67 號為輪迴親本進行一系列之回交，以便將抗病基因導入於臺農67 號。其中Dawn , Tetep 及Carreon 有關三組合之BC1F1乃以磨傷法點接稻熱病菌4 個生理小種ID-14 , IE-2 , IF-3 及IG-2 於葉片上，檢驗其對4 小種之抵抗性。Dawn 組合BC1F1之分離比顯示，對IG-14 及IG-2 之抵抗性似各由一對基因所控制，而對IE-2 則有3 對，IF-3 有2 對基因參與。在Carreon 組合之BCIFI 對ID-14 及IG-2 似各有一對，對IE-2 及IF-3 似各有3 對基因參與。Tetep 組合的BC1F1則似乎比前兩組合有較多的抗病基因參與。對ID-14 及IG-2 之抗病性各有2 對，對IE-2 及IF-3 各有4 對基因參與。又Tetep 組合之BC2F1在病圃有較多的抗病系統出現，顯示Tetep 乃具有多數抗病基因之優良抗病種源。經人工接種選拔及病圃篩選選得之植株繼續回交至第3 、4 次，由其後代系統中，已選得多數抗病且株型優良之系統，其中部分已成立為品系參加產量比較試驗；同時亦進行BC4F1間之複交，再以花藥培養法做配偶子型之選拔，預期將可選育抗病性較廣且又高產之稉稻新品種。
Rice variety Tainung 67 which occupied 454,620 hectares of rice area in 1982 in Taiwan is known to have a lower degree of resistance to blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae Cav. ). In order to correct this defect, Tainung 67 was crossed to varieties, Tetep, Carreon, Dawn, M1-48, TKM-6, Shensho and Dular as the resistance source. The F1’s were then backcrossed to Tainung 67 three or four times.
The BC1F1’s of three crosses, TNG 672 /Dawn, TNG 672 /Carreon and TNG 672/Tetep were inoculated with 4 races of the blast fungus that attacked Tainung 67, namely, ID-14, IE-2, IF-3 and IG-2 in the 2nd crop season, 1980. Based on the segregation patterns of bast disease resistance in the BC1F1’s, it is concluded that the resistance of Dawn to races ID-14 and IG-2 seems to be controlled by a single dominant gene, to race IE-2 by 3 pairs and to race IF-3 by 2 pairs of gene, while the resistance of Carreon to races ID-14 and IG-2 seems to be controlled by a single dominant gene and to IE-2 and IF-3 by 3 pairs of gene. However, Tetep’s resistance to races ID-14 and IG-2 seems to be controlled by 2 pairs of gene and to races IE-2 and IF-3 by 4 pairs of gene.
The main purpose of this experiment was to introduce resisatnce genes of Tetep, Carreon, etc. into Tainung 67. To understand the mode inheritance of resistance in the early segregating generations of these crosses will facilitate our further efforts. The resistant BC1F1 plants selected from the above-mentioned test were again backcrossed to Tainung 67 three or four times and the BC2F1’s and BC4F1’s were grown in a blast disease nursery for continuous selection
The Importance of being Narcissistic?: On Julia Kristeva’s Reinscription of Narcissism
No full text相較於佛洛依德及拉岡以陽物中心論為軸發展出來的精神分析，同樣致力於精神分析的法國女性（主義）理論家克莉斯提娃 (Julia Kristeva) 究竟做了多少的補強、修正或顛覆，一直是個頗有爭論的議題。本論文即以克莉斯提娃精神分析架構中的自戀理論來探討此議題，文分四部份；第一部份係鋪陳克莉斯提娃如何為希臘神話中納西塞斯（ Narcissus ）一角所受的責難做平反 -- 例如，傳統抨擊納西塞斯誤將自己的水中倒影當成可慾求之他者，這種癡味被克莉斯提娃逆轉為建立主體內在性的必要歷程：愛的凝視在渴求美的形式之際，將引領靈魂去追求理想之自我；在納西塞斯的抑鬱情結亦被詮解為任何主體為成立自我而不得不與母親分離時必有的表現。本文第二部份則敘述克莉斯提娃如何據其新詮導出她所謂包含三方的「自戀結構」 (a ternary narcissistic structure ）： 自戀的自我（ ego ）為抗衡與母親分離的虛無，將與一慈愛的、想像的父親做認同，主體之構亦早奠基於此前伊底帕斯期的認同。由於想像的父親係克莉斯提娃所新創的概念，第三部份將研究此概念之引進有何重要性，並點出克莉斯提娃理論與傳統精神分析的曖昧連結：雖然此新創的第三方補充了佛洛依德及拉岡理論的不足 -- 他們兩人均未說明何以滿足於母子共生體系中的自我必然願意接受嚴厲的父之律法的召喚而進入象徵秩序 -- 但這第三方也使得克莉斯提娃的自戀結構有已然伊底帕斯化之嫌，換言之，伊底帕斯架構依舊隱然為克莉斯提娃理論的依歸。本文最後一部份將進一步指出，克莉斯提娃對納西塞斯的讚揚實出於其「愛能戰勝一切」的理想，但自戀結構中由想像之父提供的愛如何能如克莉斯提娃所期待的，完全與侵略性、佔有慾沾不上邊，進而形成一種救贖力量? 克莉斯提娃卻沒有說明；更令人憂心的是，克莉斯提娃的自戀結構不但完全是為男性主體所鋪設、女性在其中只能以各種病態方式存在，在其訪談錄中她更表示在此結構下受苦的女性適足以擔負起召喚想像之父出現的重任，處處呈現了對現行家庭結構、社會體制的服膺。由此觀之，如果說克莉斯提娃新詮下的納西塞斯依然沒能戰勝自戀的虛無來成立一分離的自我，我們更可以說，在重新銘刻如佛洛依德或拉岡等父系精神分析師的理論之路上，克莉斯提娃亦未盡全功。It is almost a consensus that the framework of Freudian psychoanalysis primarily hinges on the Oedipus scenario, whose temary structure is what initiates the subject into identification with the Symbolic Law. In Kristeva's investigation of the psychic underpinnings of Westerm culture, however,the main character is no longer Oedipus but Narcissus instead, and it is the subject’s narcissism that “determines the choice of a love object and sets into motion the identifications essential to the subsequent development of the ego” (Brandt 89). To put it another way, speaking of the constitution of the subject, Kristeva believes that in the beginning there is pre-Oedipal narcissism whereas Freud and Lacan conceive Oedipal identification as the starting point. For Freud, normal adults are observed to succeed in effacing their infantil narcissism (557; italics mine), and only those people whose libidinal development has suffered some disturbance, such as perverts and homosexuals, will continuously exhibit “a type of object choice which must be temed narcissistic”(554). For Lacan, likewise, the narcissistic moment in the subject is supposed to be “transcended in a normative sublimation” in a later stage (1977:24). Contesting Freud’s thrusting aside narcissism in favor of a “true” object choice and Lacan’s separating from signifying ideals the narcissistic, driveanimated pre-object-orientation (Kristeva 1987a: 21, 38), Kristeva’s new version of narcissism,ostensibly, is opposed to traditional psychoanalysis which posits narcissism as a stage required to be left behind by the Oedipalized subject. Nevertheless, a close reading of Kristeva’s dynamics of narcissism would reveal her reinscription as equivocally in tune with the Freudian Oedipal sturcture, at least in the sense that her narcissistic structure is designated as a triad habouring “the narcissistic subject, the adject mother, and the imaginary father” (Oliver 86). In this paper, I would expolore Kristeva’s complex dynamics of narcissism so as to show, on the one hand, how the pre-Oedipal narcissism she valorizes is paradoxically Oedipalized. On the other hand, I would like to investigate what this paradox signifies in terms of Kristeva’s relation to her psychoanalytic forefathers. Does Kristeva's version of narcissism provide“a new way to conceive of the oedipal situation as well as a new way to use it in the analytic situation” (Oliver 70)? Or does the narcissistic structure she reinterprets ironically testify to her compromise with the partriarchal status quo
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