114 research outputs found
Chinese Foreign Policy under Hu Jintao:The Struggle between Low-Profile Policy and Diplomatic Activism
No full textAbstractThis article explores a controversial issue of Chinese foreign policy: whether the Hu leadership has abandoned Deng Xiaoping’s taoguang yanghui policy — hiding one’s capabilities and biding one’s time — and reoriented Chinese foreign policy towards a more assertive, if not more aggressive, direction. This is controversial because while China in public still insists that it follows the taoguang yanghui policy established by Deng in the early 1990s; Chinese diplomacy has become increasingly active and assertive since Hu came to power, particularly since the 2008-2009 global economic crisis. This article argues that as a rising power, an active foreign policy has become a necessity rather than a luxury for China. This diplomatic activism marks a certain departure from the taoguang yanghui policy, but the Hu leadership is still juggling China’s taoguang yanghui policy with its emerging role as a global power. One defining tension in China’s foreign policy agenda is to find a balance between expanding China’s international influence and taking more international responsibility on the one hand and continuing to play down its pretence of being a global power and avoiding confrontation with the United States on the other.
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Supplemental Material, Table_S1_Information_of_104_ESCC_patients - High TSTA3 Expression as a Candidate Biomarker for Poor Prognosis of Patients With ESCC
No full textSupplemental Material, Table_S1_Information_of_104_ESCC_patients for High TSTA3 Expression as a Candidate Biomarker for Poor Prognosis of Patients With ESCC by Jie Yang, Pengzhou Kong, Jian Yang, Zhiwu Jia, Xiaoling Hu, Zianyi Wang, Heyang Cui, Yanghui Bi, Yu Qian, Hongyi Li, Fang Wang, Bin Yang, Ting Yan, Yanchun Ma, Ling Zhang, Caixia Cheng, Bin Song, Yaoping Li, Enwei Xu, Haiyan Liu, Wei Gao, Juan Wang, Yiqian Liu, Yuanfang Zhai, Lu Chang, Yi Wang, Yingchun Zhang, Ruyi Shi, Jing Liu, Qi Wang, Xiaolong Cheng, and Yongping Cui in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment</p
Supplemental Material, Table_S2_PH-assumption_tests_of_different_variables - High TSTA3 Expression as a Candidate Biomarker for Poor Prognosis of Patients With ESCC
No full textSupplemental Material, Table_S2_PH-assumption_tests_of_different_variables for High TSTA3 Expression as a Candidate Biomarker for Poor Prognosis of Patients With ESCC by Jie Yang, Pengzhou Kong, Jian Yang, Zhiwu Jia, Xiaoling Hu, Zianyi Wang, Heyang Cui, Yanghui Bi, Yu Qian, Hongyi Li, Fang Wang, Bin Yang, Ting Yan, Yanchun Ma, Ling Zhang, Caixia Cheng, Bin Song, Yaoping Li, Enwei Xu, Haiyan Liu, Wei Gao, Juan Wang, Yiqian Liu, Yuanfang Zhai, Lu Chang, Yi Wang, Yingchun Zhang, Ruyi Shi, Jing Liu, Qi Wang, Xiaolong Cheng, and Yongping Cui in Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment</p
Numerical solutions of rough differential equations and stochastic differential equations
No full textIn this dissertation, we investigate time-discrete numerical approximation schemes for rough differential equations and stochastic differential equations (SDE) driven by fractional Brownian motions (fBm). The dissertation is organized as follows. In Chapter 1, we introduce the basic settings and define time-discrete numerical approximation schemes. In Chapter 2, we consider the Euler scheme for SDEs driven by fBms. For a SDE driven by a fBm with Hurst parameter it is known that the existing (naive) Euler scheme has the rate of convergence . Since the limit of the SDE corresponds to a Stratonovich SDE driven by standard Brownian motion, and the naive Euler scheme is the extension of the classical Euler scheme for It\^o SDEs for , the convergence rate of the naive Euler scheme deteriorates for . The new (modified Euler) approximation scheme we are introducing in this chapter is closer to the classical Euler scheme for Stratonovich SDEs for and it has the rate of convergence , where when it is known that the existing (naive) Euler scheme has the rate of convergence . Since the limit of the SDE corresponds to a Stratonovich SDE driven by standard Brownian motion, and the naive Euler scheme is the extension of the classical Euler scheme for It\^o SDEs for , the convergence rate of the naive Euler scheme deteriorates for . The new (modified Euler) approximation scheme we are introducing in this chapter is closer to the classical Euler scheme for Stratonovich SDEs for and it has the rate of convergence , where when . Furthermore, we study the asymptotic behavior of the fluctuations of the error. More precisely, if is the solution of a SDE driven by a fBm and if is its approximation obtained by the new modified Euler scheme, then we prove that converges stably to the solution of a linear SDE driven by a matrix-valued Brownian motion, when . In the case , we show the convergence of and the limiting process is identified as the solution of a linear SDE driven by a matrix-valued Rosenblatt process. The rate of weak convergence is also deduced for this scheme. We also apply our approach to the naive Euler scheme. In Chapter 3, we consider the Crank-Nicolson method for a SDE driven by a -dimensional fBm. We consider the Crank-Nicolson method in three cases: (i) ; (ii) and and the drift term is equal to non-zero; and (iii) and the drift term is equal to zero. We will show that the convergence rate of the Crank-Nicolson method is , and , respectively, in these three cases, and these convergence rates are exact in the sense that the error process for the Crank-Nicolson method converges to the solution of a linear SDE. Our main tools are the fractional calculus and the fourth moment theorem. In Chapter 4, we study two variations of the time-discrete Taylor schemes for rough differential equations and for stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motions. One is the incomplete Taylor scheme which excludes some terms of an Taylor scheme in its recursive computation so as to reduce the computation time. The other one is to add some deterministic terms to an incomplete Taylor scheme to improve the mean rate of convergence. Almost sure rate of convergence and -rate of convergence are obtained for the incomplete Taylor schemes. Almost sure rate is expressed in terms of the H\"older exponents of the driving signals and the -rate is expressed by the Hurst parameters. Our explicit expressions of the convergence rates allow us to compare different incomplete Taylor schemes, and then help us construct the best incomplete schemes, depending on that one needs the almost sure convergence or one needs -convergence. As in the smooth case, general Taylor schemes are always complicated to deal with. The incomplete Taylor scheme is even more sophisticated to analyze. A new feature of our approach is the explicit expression of the error functions which will be easier to study. Estimates for multiple integrals and formulas for the iterated vector fields are obtained to analyze the error functions and then to obtain the rates of convergence
Warehouse multipoint temperature and humidity monitoring system design based on Kingview
No full textGlobal Stability Analysis for a Virus Dynamics Model with Distributed Intracellular Delays and Eclipse Stages
No full text3-D Instance Segmentation of MVS Buildings
No full textWe present a novel 3-D instance segmentation framework for multiview stereo (MVS) buildings in urban scenes. Unlike existing works focusing on semantic segmentation of urban scenes, the emphasis of this work lies in detecting and segmenting 3-D building instances even if they are attached and embedded in a large and imprecise 3-D surface model. Multiview red green blue (RGB) images are first enhanced to RGB height (RGBH) images by adding a heightmap and are segmented to obtain all roof instances using a fine-tuned 2-D instance segmentation neural network. Instance masks from different multiview images are then clustered into global masks. Our mask clustering accounts for spatial occlusion and overlapping, which can eliminate segmentation ambiguities among multiview images. Based on these global masks, 3-D roof instances are segmented out by mask back-projections and extended to the entire building instances through a Markov random field optimization. A new dataset that contains instance-level annotation for both 3-D urban scenes (roofs and buildings) and drone images (roofs) is provided. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first outdoor dataset dedicated to 3-D instance segmentation with much more annotations of attached 3-D buildings than existing datasets.1 Quantitative evaluations and ablation studies have shown the effectiveness of all major steps and the advantages of our multiview framework over the orthophoto-based method.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Urban Data Scienc
Contribution of extracellular polymeric substances fractions to the adsorption of silver nanoparticles by activated sludge
No full textThe extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from activated sludge played significant roles in the removal of nanoparticles from wastewater. A series of batch experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption mechanism of three nano-Ag by activated sludge, as well as the contributions of EPS fractions including dissolved EPS (DEPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS). The results demonstrated that the adsorption of nano-Ag by sludge biomass agreed with pseudo-second-order kinetic reaction model and Freundlich isotherm model. About 26.0-41.2% of nano-Ag was trapped by the bound EPS (BEPS) matrix of activated sludge (especially LB-EPS) and 42.5-52.6% of them was adsorbed onto the inner cells after the adsorption. Moreover, the interaction energy contributions of EPS fractions followed the order of EDE > 0 > ETB > ELB, suggesting DEPS in wastewater went against the removal of nano-Ag due to steric repulsion while LB-EPS and TB-EPS were positive to nano-Ag adsorption by modifying biomass surface and providing extensive binding sites. Besides, EPS fractions played significant roles in the adsorption of nano-Ag with low initial concentrations but had limited effect at high concentrations. Overall, this study investigated the effect of EPS fractions on the adsorption behaviors of nano-Ag by activated sludge biomass, which is meaningful to understand the removal mechanism of nanoparticles in sewage and the potential role of EPS fractions.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Sanitary Engineerin
Rate of convergence and asymptotic error distribution of Euler approximation schemes for fractional diffusions
No full textFor a stochastic differential equation driven by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H> 12 it is known that the existing (naive) Euler scheme has the rate of convergence n1−2H, which means no convergence to zero of the error when H is formally set to 12 (the standard Brownian motion case). In this paper we introduce a new (modified Euler) approximation scheme which is closer to the classical Euler scheme for diffusion processes and it has the rate of convergence γ−1n, where γn = n 2H − 12 when H < 34, γn = n/ log n when H = 34 and γn = n if H> 34. In particular, the rate of convergence becomes n − 12 when H is formally set to 12. Furthermore, we study the asymptotic behavior of the fluctuations of the error. More precisely, if {Xt, 0 ≤ t ≤ T} is the solution of a stochastic differential equation driven by a fractional Brownian motion and if {Xnt, 0 ≤ t ≤ T} is its approximation obtained by the new modified Euler scheme, then we prove that γn(X n − X) converges stably to the solution of a linear stochastic differential equation driven by a matrix-valued Brownian motion, when H ∈ ( 12, 34]. In the case H> 34, we show the L p convergence of n(Xnt − Xt) and the limiting process is identified as the solution of a linear stochastic differential equation driven by a matrix-valued Rosenblatt process. The rate of weak convergence is also deduced for this scheme. We also apply our approach to the naive Euler scheme. The main tools are fractional calculus, Malliavin calculus, and the fourth moment theorem
Prediction of melt pool width and layer height for Laser Directed Energy Deposition enabled by physics-driven temporal convolutional network
No full textLaser Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) is a momentous metal additive manufacturing technology. Owing to high flexibility characteristic, it has been progressively adopted by high-value manufacturing industries. For the technology, one of the fundamental research challenges is how to accurately predict the melt pool size to ensure high-quality L-DED processes. To tackle the challenge, a novel physics-driven temporal convolutional network (TCN) approach is presented. In this research, the high prediction accuracy for L-DED is achievable via the following innovations: (i) a TCN model is designed as the core of the approach to leveraging the distinctive characteristics of the TCN model to address the temporal nature of the L-DED process during heat accumulation and incremental deposition; (ii) the physical models of the peak temperature, Marangoni effect and liquid jets affecting the melt pool formulization during the L-DED process are specified to strengthen the prediction accuracy of the approach. Experiments for manufacturing thin-walled parts using L-DED were conducted for approach validation and analyses. On average, the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) of predicting the melt pool width and the layer height of a melt pool attained by this approach are 3.421% and 4.643%, respectively. The experiments demonstrate that the approach is competent to support the L-DED process in producing good-quality thin-walled parts.</p
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