60,663 research outputs found
Subnational carbon flow pattern analysis using multi-scale input-output model
No full textAs the largest carbon emission country, China is struggling with the carbon outsourcing problem at inter-provincial and international scale. Identifying the role of each provincial region is helpful for mitigation adaptation policy by local government. Based on the Multi-Scale Input-Output model (MSIO), the characteristics of subnational carbon flow pattern embodied in domestic and international trade for China in 2010 are analyzed in a global economy system. Results show that the net export of emissions for the whole of China was 903.4 MtCO 2 e. Due to regional heterogeneity in economic development and natural resource endowments, different subnational regions present multi-carbon flow patterns categorized into resource supplier (where outflow is greater than inflow, such as Inner Mongolia), self-sufficient type (where local consumption ratio is greater than 50%, such as Qinghai), consumer (where inflow is greater than outflow, such as Beijing), as well as trade hub center and final producer (where both inflow and outflow are large, such as Jiangsu). This study lays a foundation for emission reduction responsibility division and regional mitigation cooperation at subnational scale. Targeted policies implications at subnational scale are recommended for each type accordingly
Neuronal Nuclear Autoantibodies, Type 1 (Hu)
No full textAntineuronal nuclear autoantibody type 1 (Hu) was initially described in two patients with sensory neuronopathy (SN) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Hu antibodies (Hu-ab) recognize nuclear antigens called Hu, which are members of a family of human neuronal ribonucleic acid (RNA)-binding proteins probably necessary for development and maintenance of the neuronal phenotype through the control of the expression of multiple neuronal genes. Hu antigens are 35-40-kDa proteins mostly expressed by the nuclei of neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system and by SCLC cells. Hu-ab is a polyclonal, complement-fixing immunoglobulin (Ig)G. It is present in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with particular types of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) and SCLC. It is detected by immunohistochemistry on brain sections and confirmed by immunoblot of purified antigen (HuD). Normal subjects are seronegative. Hu-ab can be detected at low titer in the sera of about 15% of patients with SCLC in absence of a specific neurologic syndrome. High titers are restricted to patients with PNS, almost always associated with SCLC and less with other tumor types. Hu-ab have a specificity of 99% and a sensitivity of 82% in detecting PNS (sensitivity changes for different PNS)
Performance Evaluation of Distributed-Antenna Communications Systems Using Beam-Hopping
No full textDigital beamforming (DBF) techniques are capable of improving the performance of communications systems significantly. However, if the transmitted signals are conflicted with strong interference, especially, in the direction of the transmitted beams , these directional jamming signals will severely degrade the system performance. In order to efficiently mitigate the interference of the directional jammers, in this contribution a beam-hopping (BH) communications scheme is proposed. In the proposed BH communications scheme, only one pair of the beams is used for transmission and it hops from one to the next according to an assigned BH pattern. In this contribution a range of expressions in terms of the average SINR performance have been derived, when both the uplink and downlink are considered. The average SINR performance of the proposed BH scheme and that of the conventional single-beam (SB) as well as multiple-beam (MB) assisted beam-processing schemes have been investigated. Our analysis and results show that the proposed BH scheme is capable of efficiently combating the directional jamming, with the aid of utilizing the directional gain of the beams generated by both the transmitter and the receiver. Furthermore, the BH scheme is capable of reducing the intercept probability of the communications. Therefore, the proposed BH scheme is suitable for communications, when several distributed antenna arrays are available around a mobile
A new cohesive model for simulating delamination propagation in composite laminates under transverse loads
No full textIn this paper, we propose a new cohesive model to stably and accurately simulate the\ud
delamination propagations in composite laminates under quasi-static and low-velocity\ud
impact transverse loads using comparatively coarse meshes. In this model, a pre-softening\ud
zone ahead of the existing traditional softening zone is proposed. In this pre-softening zone,\ud
the initial stiffnesses and the interface strengths at the integration points of cohesive elements\ud
are gradually reduced as the corresponding effective relative displacements at these\ud
points increase. However, the onset displacement corresponding to the onset damage is\ud
not changed in this model. Moreover, the fracture toughness of materials for determining\ud
the final displacement of complete decohesion is kept constant. This cohesive model is\ud
implemented in the explicit time integration scheme combined with a powerful threedimensional\ud
(3D) hybrid finite element for evaluating the delamination propagations on\ud
interfaces in composite laminates. A DCB problem is employed to analyze the characteristics\ud
of the present cohesive model. In order to reduce the computational cost for dealing\ud
with more complex problems, a stress-based criterion is also adopted in our numerical\ud
model for evaluating various in-plane damages, such as matrix cracks, fiber breakage,\ud
etc. Finally, two experimental examples are employed to illustrate the validity of the present\ud
approach
The directivity of noise radiated by a railway wheel in situ
No full textDataset to support paper in JRRT accepted for publication:
Zhang, X., He, Y., Thompson, D., & Hu, Z. (in press). The directivity of noise radiated by a railway wheel in situ. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit.
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Spiranthes hongkongensis S. Y. Hu & Baretto 1976
No full textSpiranthes hongkongensis S.Y. Hu & Baretto (1976: 2) — Fig. 3. Type:— HONG KONG: Tai Po, the garden of Gloria Barretto, 4 April 1975, S. Y. Hu 13658 (holotype: K000942682!; isotypes:A00104456, image!, CUHK). Synonym:— Spiranthes suishaensis auct. non (Hayata 1916: 86) Schlechter (1919: 161): Lin (2019: 284). Morphological descriptions and illustrations: —See Hu & Baretto (1976: 2; f. 2), Hsu & Chung (2014: 406; f.1; 2016: 186), Surveswaran et al. (2017: 125; f. 4), and Lin (2019: 265; f. 116; pl. 13), as Spiranthes suishaensis. Distribution and ecology: — Spiranthes hongkongensis is currently known in Hong Kong, Taiwan, China (Guangdong and Hainan Provinces), Japan, and Borneo. In Taiwan, this species is occasionally found on lowland hills around the Taipei Basin where it grows on very humid sunny grassland accompanied with some wetland plants such as Eriocaulon spp. and Utricularia spp. It was also found growing as a weed in some greenhouses in southern Taiwan, and these populations are presumed as unintentionally introduced along with horticultural plants. Flowers were observed from April to May. Additional specimens examined: — TAIWAN. New Taipei City: Chepingliao, 27 May 2009, T.-C. Hsu 2214 (TAIF!); same loc., 20 April 2014, T.-C. Hsu 7079 (TAIF!); same loc., 8 May 2015, T.-C. Hsu 7674 (TAIF!); same loc., 22 April 2017, J.-Z. Lin 1 (TAIF!). Pingtung Co.: Kaoshu, 26 April 2018, T.-C. Hsu 10536 (TAIF!). CHINA. Hainan Prov.: Mt. Diaoluo National Forest Park, 26 February 2012, T.-C. Hsu 5440 (TAIF!). HONG KONG: 20 April 1975, S. Y. Hu 13673 (KYO!). JAPAN. Okinawa Pref.: Ishigaki Island, Ishigaki City, in campis humidis litoris ad Nagura, 4 April 1937, Takamine s.n. (KPM-NA0304131!). Taxonomic remarks: — Spiranthes hongkongensis can be distinguished from the allogamous taxa such as S. australis and S. sinensis by its modified rostellum and stigma morphology associated with its autogamous breeding system. Spiranthes hongkongensis is most similar to S. nivea, another autogamous species with white flowers. However, it differs from S. nivea, in having papillate (vs. nearly glabrous) labellum disc, larger papillate (vs. smaller glabrous) basal labellum callosities, and densely glandular pubescent (vs. sparsely pubescent) rachis, ovaries, and sepals.Published as part of Suetsugu, Kenji & Hsu, Tian-Chuan, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) in Taiwan, pp. 1-10 in Phytotaxa 578 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/751762
Partial Functional Rescue of Helicoverpa armigera Single Nucleocapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infectivity by Replacement of F Protein with GP64 from Autographa californica Multicapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus
No full textTwo distinct envelope fusion proteins (EFPs) (GP64 and F) have been identified in members of the Baculoviridae family of viruses. F proteins are found in group II nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) of alphabaculoviruses and in beta- and deltabaculoviruses, while GP64 occurs only in group I NPVs of alphabaculoviruses. It was proposed that an ancestral baculovirus acquired the gp64 gene that conferred a selective advantage and allowed it to evolve into group I NPVs. The F protein is a functional analogue of GP64, as evidenced from the rescue of gp64-null Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (MNPV) (AcMNPV) by F proteins from group II NPVs or from betabaculoviruses. However, GP64 failed to rescue an F-null Spodoptera exigua MNPV (SeMNPV) (group II NPV). Here, we report the successful generation of an infectious gp64-rescued group II NPV of Helicoverpa armigera (vHaBac Delta F-gp64). Viral growth curve assays and quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR), however, showed substantially decreased infectivity of vHaBac Delta F-gp64 compared to the HaF rescue control virus vHaBac Delta F-HaF. Electron microscopy further showed that most vHaBac Delta F-gp64 budded viruses (BV) in the cell culture supernatant lacked envelope components and contained morphologically aberrant nucleocapsids, suggesting the improper BV envelopment or budding of vHaBac Delta F-gp64. Bioassays using pseudotyped viruses with a reintroduced polyhedrin gene showed that GP64-pseudotyped Helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) significantly delayed the mortality of infected H. armigera larvae
Landsat MSS classification of fire fuel types in Wood Buffalo National Park, northern Canada
No full textJ1: Global Ecology & Biogeography Letters; M3: Article; Milne, David Franklin, Steven E. Wilson, Bradley A. Ghitter, Geoff Heathcott, Mark McCaffrey, Thomas M. Ow, Charlotte F. Y.; Source Information: Mar1994, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p33; Subject Term: FOREST fires; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canada (Wood Buffalo National Park); Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel type classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat data; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Articl
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