709 research outputs found
Voltage-dependent calcium channels in the corpora allata of adult male loreyi leafworm Mythimna loreyi.
No full textCrisp-type fuzzy logic controller using Dubois and Prade's parametric t-norm-sum-gravity inference methods
No full text(31(3):177-186)Genetical Studies on Grain Characters in Rice
No full text本試驗以Mira（Pl）× Norin 20（P2）組合之包括Pl、P2、Fl、F2、BCl及BC2等六個遺傳集團為材料，探討該組合稻穀之粒長、粒厚、粒寬及百粒重等4 個穀粒性狀之遺傳行為，結果獲知：粒長、粒厚、粒寬及百粒重等4 個穀粒性狀在F2集團之頻度分布圖形均呈連續性分布，但4 穀粒性狀分布圖形之樣式則不盡一致。雜種優勢、純雜種優勢及自交衰退量等三種遺傳介值普遍存在4 穀粒性狀，其經以Potence value 判定4 穀粒性狀在Fl之顯性程度及Mather and Jinks 變方成分劃分以評定4 穀粒性狀顯性度之估算結果十分近似，均呈短粒對長粒及粒厚對粒薄為不完全顯性；粒寬為超顯性；粒重方面則為微小程度之不完全顯性。經世代平均值分析指出，粒長及粒重之遺傳變異由累加性、顯性、累加性 × 累加性交感、累加性× 顯性交感、顯性 × 顯性交感等成分所支配，且兩性狀之顯性及顯性 × 顯性之交感等兩成分符號相反，表示屬重覆型之上位性。而粒厚之變異主要係累加性、顯性及累加性 × 累加性交感成分之效應。粒寬之變異則由顯性及累加性 × 顯性交感兩成分之效應所左右。4 穀粒性狀之廣義遺傳率介於82-94%之間，狹義遺傳率介於34-69 %之間，其中以粒長之遺傳率較高，而以粒厚者較低。相關分析之結果發現粒重與粒長、粒厚及粒寬均呈極顯著之正相關。
Genetical studies were made on four grain characters in rice using Fl F2 BCl and BC2 populations of the cross between Mira (Pl) and Norin 20 (P2) varieties. The grain length, grain thickness, grain width and 100-grain weight in F2, all showed continuous and unimodal distributions. However, the distribution curves are not symmetrical as indicated by different values of skewness and kurtosis for respective character.
Heterosis, heterobeltiosis and inbreeding depression of each character was detected in Fl of this cross, because the statistic of each characters was significantly departed from the zero value. The degree of dominance of the respective character expressed by potence value and the value estimated by Mather and Jinks’s formula of the comprehension of components of variance was quite similar, i. e. short grain is incompletely dominant over long grain the thick-grain is incompletely dominant over thin-grain; the wider grain is over-dominant to narrow grain and the heavy-grain weight is slightly partial dominance over light-grain weight.
The results of generation mean analysis indicated that the variations in grain length and 100 grain weight were mainly due to the gene effects of additive, dominance, additive × additive, additive × dominance and dominance × dominance. A difference in the signs of dominance and dominance × dominance components was observed, indicating a duplicated type of epistasis. The variation of grain thickness was largely due to additive, dominance and additive × additive gene effects. For grain width, the gene effects of dominance and additive × dominance components appeared to be more important.
The broad sense heritabilities of four grain characters ranged 82-90% while narrow sense heritabilitie ranged from 34-69%. The grain length and grain thickness showed the highest and lowest heritabities respectively among the four grain characters studied. It was observed further that 100-grain weight was possitively correlated with grain length, grain thickness and grain width
The water extract of Gastrodia elata Bl. possesses antidepressant-like effect in rats via serotonin and dopamine modulation in subchronic animal model.
No full textHaemophilus aphrophilus bacteraemia complicated with vertebral osteomyelitis and spinal epidural abscess in a patient with liver cirrhosis
No full text
Wage Differentials in Taiwan: 1941-43
No full text日治時期臺灣人與日本人的工資差距，文獻上曾強烈質疑為種族歧視的結果，而男女兩性間的工資差異，前人雖未以此刻意批評，然具體的數字描述卻處處可見。本文依循現代勞動經濟學之工資差異理論，嚐試檢定當時的種族別及性別因素對工資之邊際影響，並驗證經濟史學者的質疑。 運用 1941-43 年間勞動技術統計調查資料，經由加權最小平方法之迴歸結果顯示，在控制了與生產力相關的諸項變數之後，性別歧視在各業均具備相當強的統計顯著性，而種族歧視則在商業以外的各業得到統計上的支持。此外，代表廠商屬性的產業別以及代表個人屬性的教育、年齡、工作經驗等變數也多呈顯著性。除了種族別因素是戰後相關研究未分析者以及公民營別之產業特性未呈統計顯著外，其他因素的實證結果，戰前與戰後是一致的。The wage differentials between Taiwanese and Japanese during the Japanese colonial era in Taiwan have been critically condemned as racial discrimination. Although not illuminated in the literature, the wage differentials between males and females in the same time could also reflect gender discrimination. This paper aims to test these two hypotheses. Applying the weighted least squares method to the 1941-43 national nonfarm labor survey data conducted by the colonial government, we have analyzed the wage function based on modern labor economics. The regression coefficients significantly support racial discrimination in all nonfarm industries except commerce and support gender discrimination in all nonfarm industries. Furthermore, the empirical results also show that age, education, and working experience, among others, are significant factors explaining the wage differentials, as shown in most post-war studies
(38(1):72-79)Studies on the Break-down of Resistance in Rice Cultivar Tainung 70 to Rice Blast
No full text水稻臺農70號於民國74年第一期作命名，而自同年第二期作正式推廣。命名當時具有高產、良質、抗葉稻熱病，對穗稻熱病屬於中抗的優良品種，但於民國76年第一期作，即自正式推廣後僅四期作，即失去抗性，發生嚴重的穗稻熱病。本研究主要為探討本省稻熱病菌生理小種對該品種致病性之變化情形。供試稻熱病菌計78 個菌株（包括73年度採集的27個菌株及76年度採得51個菌株），並行人工接種於16判別品種及臺農70號，測定其生理型及對臺農70號之致病性，結果可類別10種生理小種，其中僅有race P─12及P─63兩種生理小種對臺農70號具有致病（S）反應。自73年度所採集的27個菌株中有僅3個菌株（1菌株為P─12，2菌株為P─63，佔11％），76年所得51個菌株中，有18個菌株（12菌株為P─12，6個菌株為P─63，佔35％）對臺農70號顯示感病（S）反應。此兩種生理小種，原來在本省已有存在，但其密度極低，自臺農70號急速大面積種植後，才增加其密度比例，致使該品種的罹病化。本省的栽培稻品種，有稉稻（japonica）及秈稻（indica）混合種值於田間，因此稻熱病菌生理小種之變化頗複雜。
Rice cultivar Tainung 70 was named in the first crop season and released in the second crop season of 1985, due to its high yielding, high quality, resistance to leaf blast, and moderate resistance to panicle blast. After 2 years (4 crop seasons), the resistance broke down and servere epidemics of panicle blast occurred in the first crop of 1987. Experiments were conducted to explore the pathogenic variation of races of Pyricularia oryzae in the rice cultivars to understand the reason of break down. Seventy-eight isolates (27 collected in 1984, 51 collected in 1987) of P. oryzae were artifically inoculated to the cv. Tainung 70 and 16 differential varieties for race studies. The reaction of the 78 isolates were classified into 10 physiologic races. Among the 10 races, there were 2 races, P-12 and P-63, pathogenic to Tainung 70. In terms of isolate and percentage, 3 isolates (1 belonged to race P-12, 2 belonged to race P-63) out of the 27 isolates or 11% collected in 1984 and 18 isolates (12 belonged to race P-12, 6 belonged to race P-63) out of the 51 isolates or 35% collected in 1987 were pathogenic to Tainung
70. These 2 races, P-12 and P-63, have already existed in nature but their populations were very low before the release of Tainung 70. When the acreage of Tainung 70 increased the population of the 2 races also increased with the time and then, the cultivar Tainung 70 became susceptible
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