22,804 research outputs found

    mechanization of lily microbulb

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    mechanization of lily microbulb multiplication operations. ta-te lin & ching-lu hsieh. department of agricultural machinery engineering.. national taiwan university.. taipei. taiwan. roc. mechanization of lily microbul

    Smallest Real Difference of 2 Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Measures in Patients With Chronic Stroke

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    Lu W-S, Chen CC, Huang S-L, Hsieh C-L. Smallest real difference of 2 instrumental activities of daily living measures in patients with chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012;93:1097-1100. ;Objective: To estimate the smallest real difference (SRD) values of 2 instrumental activities of daily living measures (the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living [NEADL] and the Frenchay Activities Index [EAU]) in patients with chronic stroke. ;Design: Test-retest reliability study. ;Setting: Physical rehabilitation units of 5 hospitals. ;Participants: Chronic stroke patients (N=52; 37 men, 15 women) who were discharged from the hospital for more than 6 months. ;Interventions: Not applicable. ;Main Outcome Measures: Both measures were administered twice about 2 weeks apart to participants. The SRD was calculated on the basis of standard error of measurement: SRD = 1.96 X root 2 x Standard error of measurement. SRD% (the value of SRD divided by total score of a measure) was used to compare measurement errors across both measures. Reproducibility between successive measurements of the measures was investigated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). ;Results: The SRD (SRD%) values of the NEADL and the FAI were 12.0 (21.1%) and 6.7 (14.9%), respectively. Test-retest reproducibility of both measures was high (ICC: NEADL=.89, FAI=.89). ;Conclusions: Because of substantial SRD values of the NEADL and the FAT, prospective users should be cautious in using both measures to detect real change for a single subject

    Case Studies on Transferring Technologies of Agribusiness-scale Production and Marketing of Asparagus and Mushrooms to Indonesia

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    Agriculture is the main stay and the largest sector of Indonesia’s economy. Efforts have been made by the government of Indonesia to enhance food production to feed ever-increasing population in the country. Taiwan has enjoyed a high agricultural productivity through developed modern agricultural technologies in recent years. The transfer of Taiwan experienced agricultural technologies to the needy nations, becomes an important program of international technical cooperation of the ROC on Taiwan in the past 40 years. At the request of the Indonesian government, Taiwan dispatched the Agricultural Technical Missions to Surabaya and Yogykata Provinces to help boost agricultural production in May 1976. Taiwan-assisted production of food crops and vegetables (rice, soybeans, and corn) boosted the Indonesian economy. In July 1995, Dr. Paul Min-hsien Sun, Chairman of the ROC Council of Agriculture, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Dr. Sjahrifudin Baharsjah, Indonesian Minister of Agriculture for a new phase of agricultural cooperation between the ROC on Taiwan and Indonesia. Taiwan agreed to transfer agribusiness-related knowledge and technology to the farmers in rural communities, and promote joint investment in the production, processing, and marketing of agricultural commodities. Based on the MOU, the ROC Agricultural Technical Mission carried out cooperative projects on asparagus and mushroom production in Central Java Province. Mr. Kung-Chu Wu, an asparagus expert from Taiwan, organized the farmers in Boloyali County into six asparagus production and marketing teams. The farmers earned US4,982/yearfromonehectareoflandonwhichasparagushadbeenharvested.Amarketingsupervisionunithasbeenestablishedtohelpinsellingasparagussincethattime.WiththehelpofProfessorJackJ.C.HsiehofNationalChungHsingUniversity,theIndoEvergreenCompanywasestablishedintheformofajointventureprojectbyaprivatejointTaiwanese/Indonesianinvestment.MushroomgrowingtechnologyhasbeentransferredtoIndonesiafromTaiwanandBelgium.TodayIndoEvergreenCompanyproduces30metrictonesofprocessedmushroomeveryday,ofwhich,95Mr.YehhsuenYu,amushroomexpertfromNationalTaiwanUniversity,transferredthebusinessscaleproductiontechnologyforwoodearmushroom.TheprojectwascarriedoutinSlemanCounty,YogykataProvince,andIndonesia.Mr.Yuestablishedfourearmushroomproductionprocesses:(1)productionofseedfungusgrowingbottles,(2)productionofearmushroomfungusinoculatedplasticbags,(3)Supplyofplasticbagstothegrowers,and(4)marketingofdriedearmushroomsthroughFarmer¡¦sCooperatives.ThefarmersearnedanetprofitofUS 4,982/year from one hectare of land on which asparagus had been harvested. A marketing supervision unit has been established to help in selling asparagus since that time.With the help of Professor Jack J. C. Hsieh of National Chung-Hsing University, the Indo Evergreen Company was established in the form of a joint venture project by a private joint Taiwanese/Indonesian investment. Mushroom-growing technology has been transferred to Indonesia from Taiwan and Belgium. Today Indo Evergreen Company produces 30 metric tones of processed mushroom everyday, of which, 95% is exported to North America and Japan, and 5 % is sold in Indonesia domestic market. Mr. Yeh-hsuen Yu, a mushroom expert from National Taiwan University, transferred the business-scale production technology for wood ear mushroom. The project was carried out in Sleman County, Yogykata Province, and Indonesia. Mr. Yu established four ear mushroom production processes: (1) production of seed fungus growing bottles, (2) production of ear mushroom fungus inoculated plastic bags, (3) Supply of plastic bags to the growers, and (4) marketing of dried ear mushrooms through Farmer¡¦s Cooperatives. The farmers earned a net profit of US 186,606 from annual harvest of the wood-ear mushrooms. Plastic bag processing station earned a total of US48,000/year,whileseedfunguspropagationstationearnedUS 48,000/year, while seed fungus propagation station earned US 7,333/year. The amount of income from Marketing through Farmer¡¦s Cooperatives totaled US112,000/year.ThetotaloutputoftheprojectamountedUS 112,000/year. The total output of the project amounted US 354,000/year. These are successful stories of technology transfer through international technical cooperation, jointly executed by various parties in Taiwan and Indonesia

    The nomenclature of the lycophyte species Phlegmariurus mingcheensis Ching (Huperziaceae)

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    In 1982, Ren Chang Ching twice described the same lycophyte species under the names Lycopodium mingcheense (published in April; the original "minchegense" spelling being a correctable error) and Phlegmariurus mingcheensis Ching (published in May). Phlegmariurus mingcheensis cannot be taken as a combination based on Lycopodium mingcheense because in the original publication a different holotype was indicated and the name Lycopodium mingcheense was not mentioned. The correct names for this species in Huperzia, Lycopodium, and Phlegmariurus are Huperzia mingcheensis (Ching) Holub (basionym: Phlegmariurus mingcheensis), Lycopodium mingcheense Ching, and Phlegmariurus mingcheensis Ching, respectively. The recent lectotypification of the name Lycopodium mingcheense using P.S. Chiu 2069 (PE) was redundant since this specimen was clearly indicated as the holotype in Ching's original publication. The recent new name Phlegmariurus mingjoui X.C. Zhang is an illegitimate superfluous name
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