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‘I am friends wt you & do Entertain no malice’: discord, disputes and defamation in Ulster Presbyterian church courts, c. 1700-1838.
Get PDFFollowing the example of its parent church in Scotland, the Presbyterian church courts in Ireland exercised control over all aspects of its members’ lives. The making of marriage, sexual conduct, family feuds, alcohol misuse and neighbourhood disputes all came under the purview of the church court. The decisions of these courts, however, were technically not legally enforceable. As a dissenting minority in a confessional state, the Presbyterian church in Ireland held no legal authority. Compliance with Presbyterian codes of behaviour were therefore undertaken on a voluntary basis. The minutes of these courts offer a unique insight into the informal ways that the lives of Presbyterian women and men in Ireland were subject to regulation. Focusing on cases of discord, dispute and defamation, this chapter examines the role that the Presbyterian church courts played in the lives of its members and, in doing so, highlights their importance to historians of law, religion and the family in Ireland
Marriage Breakdown in Ireland c.1660-1857
No full textIn 1996, when the Irish parliament passed the Family Law (Divorce) Act, it was hailed as the introduction of divorce to Ireland. Yet, it had been possible for men and women to secure divorces of various kinds from the earliest times. Early Irish law permitted divorce as did canon law. By the later medieval period, ecclesiastical courts were empowered to grant divorces, even if a divorced spouse was not always permitted to remarry. In the eighteenth century, the Irish parliament followed the precedent set by Westminster and began to approve the dissolution of marriages by private act of parliament. In addition, the different Christian denominations each had their own distinct regulations on marital dissolution, some of which also permitted remarriage in certain circumstances. Outside of the formal structures of church and state, men and women made their own informal arrangements to leave unhappy marriages. The aim of this chapter is to survey the different forms of divorce and marriage separation that were possible in early modern Ireland and to suggest that married couples living apart and, even remarrying was more common than might be assumed. <br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Land Valuations, Market Practices, Pregnancy, Insanity: There\u27s a Jury for That
No full textContemporary legal practitioners and academics are familiar with the use of juries in criminal trials. To a lesser extent, the use of juries in civil actions, although a rarity in 21st century Ireland, is recognised as having been the norm in the past, and continues to be an essential part of the administration of justice in other common law systems, notably the United States. Juries also continue to be used at coroners’ inquests, delivering verdicts on the causes of death. What might be less widely appreciated, however, was that in the past, juries were used in a much wider range of situations, ranging from the determination of pregnancy or insanity, to the regulation of market practices and the conducting of land valuations. The term ‘jury’ in these scenarios is to be given a wide interpretation, generally meaning a panel of laypersons with no judicial or other specialised training. In this paper, I propose to explore some of these ways in which panels of laypersons were used in 18th and 19th century Ireland as an essential aspect of law, order and the regulation of society. Why were juries used in such diverse contexts? What were the advantages or disadvantages of doing so? Were there alternatives
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