7,315 research outputs found
Author Correction: Evaluation of skin cancer resection guide using hyper‑realistic in‑vitro phantom fabricated by 3D printing
No full textThe original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Taehun Kim which was incorrectly given as Teahun Kim. The original Article has been corrected
FIGURE 5 in Description of a new and critically endangered species of Atheris (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Southern Highlands of Tanzania, with an overview of the country's tree viper fauna
No full textFIGURE 5. Map of the Atheris species occurring in Tanzania (the occurrence of A. nitschei within Tanzania borders still need confirmation).Published as part of Menegon, Michele, Davenport, Tim R. B. & Howell, Kim M., 2011, Description of a new and critically endangered species of Atheris (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Southern Highlands of Tanzania, with an overview of the country's tree viper fauna, pp. 43-54 in Zootaxa 3120 on page 49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27936
Atheris matildae Menegon, Davenport & Howell, sp. nov.
No full textAtheris matildae Menegon, Davenport & Howell sp. nov. (Fig. 1 –3) Holotype. Adult male, MTSN 9344, collected in a forest fragment in Southern Tanzania, at about 1995 m by Omari Kibure and Obadia Mwaipungu in February 2009; fixed in 70 % EtOH, tissue fixed in 90 % EtOH. Paratypes. 2 adult males, MTSN 9399 and MTSN 9418 and an immature MTSN 9417 collected in February 2011 at the same locality as the holotype, by Michele Menegon, Tim Davenport and Sophy Machaga. Additional material. 10 specimens collected at the type locality between March and April 2011 and being kept alive for conservation purposes. 4 are males, 5 are females and 2 are immatures. Among them there is the adult female individual shown in Fig. 3. Type locality. Remote fragmented montane forest in Tanzania's Southern Highlands. Precise locality withheld until conservation insurance population secure. Additional information on the locality can be obtained for scientific purposes from the authors upon request. (www.atherismatildae.org) Diagnosis. Atheris matildae sp. nov. is distinguished from all other members of the genus except A. ceratophora by the presence of two to three very enlarged erect, hornlike, supraciliary scales. It is distinguished from A. ceratophora by the combination of the following morphological and molecular features, based on the data from 69 specimens from all over the known range of A. ceratophora: (1) its larger size, TL of A. matildae type is 643mm (the biggest male A. ceratophora ever recorded does not exceed 510mm TL), (2) higher count of maximum transverse head scales (max. 20 in A. ceratophora, 28 in A. matildae), (3) four subequal suprarostral scales in A. matildae, the two central ones of the same size and the outer ones double in size in A. ceratophora, (4) marked difference in dorsal scale microdermatoglyphic pattern (irregular smooth surface in A. ceratophora, presence of papillae-like ridges in A. matildae), (5) in A. matildae, an extensive black marking across the frontal part of the mouth, including part of nasal, rostral, mental and few infralabial scales is often present, the above described colour feature has not been recorded in the examined A. ceratophora specimens and photographs. Genetic divergence of mitochondrial gene cytochrome b between A. ceratophora collected at type locality and A. matildae expressed as actual substitution difference is 3.18 % based on uncorrected p-distance of 0.03180. Paratypes and additional material variation. Details and meristics for the type series are summarized in Table 1. A total of 13 specimens have been observed, three of them are paratypes. The most significant differences between holotype and paratype specimens are in body colouration (see Fig. 2). The young specimen MTSN 9417 tends to be more greenish, the zigzag ornamentation is more conspicuous and the top of the head is marbled in green/yellow. The two adult individuals, both males, are similar in colouration to holotype, with a back dorsum and a bright yellow zigzag dorsolateral pattern. Ten additional specimens have been recently collected and are being kept alive for conservation purposes. 5 are males, 5 are females, and 2 are young. A black patch around nasal, rostral, mental and first infralabials is present in most of the observed males but also in few females and immature individuals. Males in general tend to be darker with belly suffused with black. Adult females tend to be more yellow, in some cases with immaculate throat and belly; horn-like scales are yellow with black outer edges. Side of the head can be completely yellow or with black patches at the tip of the scales. In preservation the specimen retains the original colouration (see Fig. 1). FIGURE 2. A. matildae paratypes showing body shape, colouration and head details. Top - down: MTSN 9399; MTSN 9418 and MTSN 9417. FIGURE 3. Illustration showing the variation in colour of the rostral and chin area, The black patches are present in many individuals of both sexes. A. matildae A. matildae A. matildae A. matildae A. ceratophora Specimen number MTSN 9344 MTSN 9417 MTSN 9418 MTSN 9399 n = 53 Description of holotype. Adult male preserved in 70 % EtOH. Snout-vent length (SVL) 540.7 mm, tail 96.0 mm, rostral width 2.9 mm, rostral height 0.8 mm; eye diameter (vertical) 3.2 mm; snout to eye 3.3 mm. A heavybodied forest viper, sub-quadrangular in cross-section, with a rather thick prehensile tail (SVL/Tail approximately 5.7 times); head pear-shaped, with a very distinct neck, rounded snout and swollen supraorbital region that does bear two/three elongated, horn-like scales; eyes relatively large, laterally placed, and with a horizontal diameter approximately 3 / 4 of the snout length. Crown of head covered in small scales, slightly larger over the temporal region (maximum transverse head scales— 28); they bear a prominent keel and become mucronate over the head; the rostral is flattened, rectangular, about 3.5 times broader than high, contacting first supralabials and four small; unkeeled, roundish, subequal suprarostrals, nasal wider than high, with raised, embossed posterior edge, nostril circular and approximately in the centre of the nasal; internasals 5, all strongly keeled; interorbitals 9, keeled; circumoculars 16 – 16, not keeled but terminating in black blunt knobs; 1 row of suboculars present; circumoculars separated from nasals by two to three rows of feebly knobbed scales; a row of three irregular scales, bordering supralabials between nasal and lower circumoculars; supralabials 10 – 10, the first three smaller, and 6–8 with a swollen lower edge; infralabials 10 – 10, posteriormost with swollen upper edge and first in contact at the midline behind the mental; mental triangular, approximately twice as wide as deep; gulars bordering chin shields feeblykeeled, but prominently keeled towards the rictus; 2 preventrals, first largest; 150 ventrals; 49 undivided subcaudals (including spine); anal entire; 25 rows dorsal scales anteriorly, 26 rows at midbody, 19 rows posteriorly. FIGURE 4. Dorsal scale microdermatoglyphic pattern of A. matildae (A–B) and A. ceratophora: (C–D). Note in B the papillaelike ridges covering the keratin layers on the scale of A. matildae. Hemipenes. Both hemipenes are only partially everted. They resemble the A. ceratophora one as described by Emmrich (1997). The sulcus is bifurcate on a typically divided organ. The extreme basal area is naked, followed by an area with enlarged proximal spines, most prominently on the outer side of each lobe. Towards the apex, on the inner side of the sulcus, there are a few smaller scattered spines, while the distal area seems to be characterized by the lack of clearly differentiated ornamentation. A more detailed description of hemipenial morphology will be possible when a fully everted hemipenis becomes available for examination. FIGURE 6. The forest fragment in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania where A. matildae was collected, and a detail of the forest canopy. Colouration. Dorsally it appears as a black snake with bright yellow dorso-lateral zig-zag lines. Flanks are marbled in yellow. Dorsum of the head is almost entirely black with scattered yellow scales or groups of scales, sides of the head are mainly yellow with an irregular longitudinal black marking. An extensive black marking across the frontal part of the mouth, including part of nasal, rostral, mental and few infralabial scales is present, by contrast it delimitates an inverted pale triangle. Eyes are light olive green (in life). Throat is yellow; belly is pale yellow to greyish-green, suffused by black speckling; horn-like scales are yellow with black outer edges. In preservation the specimen retains the original colouration (see Fig. 1). Dorsal scale microdermatoglyphics. The surface microstructure of several scales from midbody and the last third of the body of two specimens of A. matildae (MTSN 9344, 9417) and three specimens of A. ceratophora from Usambara Mountains (MTSN 5117, 5118, 5121) were examined by scanning electron microscopy, in order to evaluate the intra- and inter-specific differences. Two-dimensional classes of microdermatoglyphics were identified; the coarser one consists of juxtaposed or imbricated layers of keratin with a raised edge, forming a ‘scaly background’. This layer is shared by both A. ceratophora and A. matildae. At greater magnification (4000 x) a further pattern of microdermatoglyphics is visible in A. matildae, where papillae-like ridges cover the entire surface of the keratin layer. The latter ornamentation is absent in A. ceratophora specimens from type locality. Distribution and conservation. Atheris matildae is currently known only from the type series and a few other individuals of both sexes, all collected in a remote montane forest fragment in the Southern Highlands. The site probably represents the remnants of a wider forested landscape, interspersed with plateau grasslands and possibly naturally isolated from other Southern Highland forest blocks. For this reason the forests are of great bio- logical value and now the focus of further exploration and conservation intervention. During the last decade the Southern Highlands have been the subject of extensive biological investigation by the Wildlife Conservation Society. However, this species has not been detected in any other areas. It is therefore probable that A. matildae is a rangerestricted forest species, now relying on just a few forest fragments. A. matildae has an extent of occurrence smaller than 100 km 2 with extent of occurrence, area of occupancy and quality of habitat in continuing decline. According to IUCN guidelines (IUCN 2010) therefore, we propose to list A. matildae as ‘Critically Endangered’ CR B 1 b(i,ii,iii). Further investigations are being carried out in order to collect more information on this magnificent snake, and a small breeding programme has been established (see www.atherismatildae.org). Etymology. Atheris matildae is named for TRBD's daughter Matilda Davenport, one of the next generation of herpetologists. We suggest the common name 'Matilda's Horned Viper'.Published as part of Menegon, Michele, Davenport, Tim R. B. & Howell, Kim M., 2011, Description of a new and critically endangered species of Atheris (Serpentes: Viperidae) from the Southern Highlands of Tanzania, with an overview of the country's tree viper fauna, pp. 43-54 in Zootaxa 3120 on pages 44-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27936
Author Correction: El Niño–Southern Oscillation complexity (Nature, (2018), 559, 7715, (535-545), 10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6)
No full textIn this Review, the middle initial of author Kim M. Cobb was omitted. The original Review Article has been corrected online. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.11Nsciescopu
M/NEM devices and uncertainty quantification
No full textSubmission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01The student, Namjung Kim, accepted the attached license on 2018-01-19 at 10:43.The student, Namjung Kim, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-01-19 at 11:49.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-01-23 at 13:14.Recent advances in computing power have facilitated the use of computational simulations as design guidelines in a range of fields including the semiconductor industry, biosensors, microfluidic devices, and even nano-sized devices. Although simulation can capture the physics behind the experiment, deterministic simulations with parameters derived from least-square fitting are significantly limited for understanding output distributions from experiments. This deviation between computational simulation and experiment may arise for a number of reasons: the stochastic nature of design parameters, external environmental fluctuations, measurement noise, and so forth. These are called uncertainties. Understanding the effect of these uncertainties is important in manufacturing processes, because manufacturing processes incorporate multi-scale and multi-physics sub-steps, with uncertainties in inputs accumulated and propagated through the sub-steps, resulting in significant deviations in the performance of final products.
A systematic approach to understanding the variations in the output from various uncertainty sources is called uncertainty quantification (UQ). To integrate uncertainty quantification fully into the design process, the sources of uncertainty must be identified and quantified; then, the uncertainty needs to be characterized and parameterized to create a statistical model. The parameterized statistical model is fed into a physics-based deterministic model (e.g., a finite element model) to quantify the deviations in the final products arising from the uncertainty parameters. By understanding the effect of stochastic parameters in inputs as well as manufacturing processes, computational simulations can provide more reliable design guidelines across a range of manufacturing fields.
This dissertation consists of two parts. The first part describes how simulation can assist in understanding experimental results. The specific physical systems considered in this dissertation are a MEMS-based resonator (Chapter 2) and a microfluidic device (Chapter 3). The results show that simulation is a powerful tool for describing details of experimental results that cannot be explained easily due to the complexity of the systems. However, distinctive discrepancies between the results from current computational predictions and experiments still exist, especially when various uncertainties are present. Therefore, the second part of this dissertation is devoted to developing a systematic approach to modeling stochastic input variables through experimental data, and describing how this can be incorporated into a modeling framework.
This dissertation suggests a systematic approach to developing a finite element model that can estimate the mechanical properties of final products with spatial uncertainties in the 3D printing process (Chapter 4), and those arising from variations in microstructure in the die-casting process (Chapter 5). Those input uncertainties are extracted from the images of final products. The data-driven modeling approach with Gaussian process is proposed to consider the probabilistic behavior of uncertainties. The realizations sampled from the calibrated Gaussian process model are incorporated into the deterministic model, generating more realistic simulation model. The systematic approach developed in this study can assist in understanding the effect of input uncertainties on the variance of the mechanical performance of final products from 3D printing and die-casting. This approach will be beneficial to other manufacturing processes where input uncertainties are important.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12016 on 2018-08-31 at 17:24:37Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:46:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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DNS of turbulent mixing layers with variable density
No full textWe present some preliminary results of direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional, temporal, plane mixing layers with variable density. The simulations are run with a parallel in-house code that solves the Navier-Stokes equations in the Low-Mach number approximation, using a novel algorithm based on an extended version of the velocity-vorticity formulation used by Kim, Moin & Moser (1987) for incompressible flows. The simulations are run with Pr=0.7 and achieve Re_lambda=90-110 during the self-similar evolution of the mixing layer. Four cases with density ratios s=1,2,4 and 8 are presented. Our results show good agreement with previous experimental and numerical studies, and allow us to characterize the scales in the temperature spectra
Stygiopontius horridus Lee & Kim & Kim 2020, n. sp.
No full text<i>Stygiopontius horridus</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs 13–16)</p> <p>http://zoobank.org/ C29CE293-4E24-4182-A215-D555443CA734</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Twenty three females, eight males, and one copepodid I in amplexus with a male adult, from washings of invertebrates at GTV1702 (19°33.387´S, 65°50.893´E, depth 2507 m), the Solitaire vent field on the Central Indian Ridge in the Indian Ocean, 01 August 2017. Holotype (female, MABIK CR00244731) and paratypes (20 females and seven males, MABIK CR00244732) have been deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon. Dissected paratypes (two females and one male) are retained in the collection of the junior author.</p> <p> <b>Additional material examined.</b> Seven females and two males from washings of invertebrates, at GTV 1807 (19°33.395´S, 65°50.889´E, depth 2634 m), the Solitaire vent field, 20 June 2018.</p> <p> <b>Female.</b> Body (Fig. 13A) moderately broad and 1.24 mm long. Prosome 710 × 545 μm. Cephalothorax 445 μm long, with angular posterolateral corners. Three metasomites with rounded posterolateral corners. Urosome (Fig. 13B) 5-segmented. Fifth pedigerous somite 149 μm wide; lateral apices not pointed. Genital double-somite 190 × 163 μm, distinctly longer than wide, with slightly expanded anterior two-fifths; genital aperture located dorsolaterally at 30% region of double-somite length. Three free abdominal somites 73 × 104, 49 × 99, and 46 × 98 μm, respectively, smooth without spinules or setules on all surfaces. Caudal rami (Fig. 13C) stout and slightly convergent; each ramus 72 × 42 μm, 1.71 times as long as wide, with tapering posteroventral margin and six naked setae; innermost distal seta as long as outermost distal seta. Egg sac (Fig. 13D) containing two or three eggs; each egg about 195 μm in diameter.</p> <p>Rostrum absent.Antennule (Fig. 13E) relatively short, 273 μm long, and 10-segmented; third segment short and incompletely articulated from second segment; first segment the longest; armature formula 15, 8, 2, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 + aesthetasc, and 13; setae naked and mostly short. Antenna (Fig. 13F) massive. Articulation between coxa and basis incomplete. Exopod small, 10 × 6 μm, with three setae. First endopodal segment unarmed but with large tubercle on inner side. Second endopodal segment (Fig. 13G) 31 × 21 μm, with two blunt spiniform setae (one on inner margin and the other on distal margin) and two robust spines tipped with bundle of spinules.</p> <p>Oral cone short, stout. Mandible (Fig. 13H) with more than ten teeth distally and hyaline lamella subdistally. Maxillule (Fig. 13I) with both lobes bearing nearly parallel lateral margins; inner lobe with three setae; outer lobe subequal in length to inner lobe, with three setae; setae of outer lobe distinctly longer than those of inner lobe. Maxilla (Fig. 13J) with broad, unarmed syncoxa; basis hook-like, with fine spinules near middle; seta arising between segments naked and much shorter than basis. Maxilliped (Fig. 13K) 4-segmented; seta on syncoxa and basis small; endopod 2-segmented, but proximal segment subdivided by rudimentary articulation; proximal segment with two small setae; distal segment about 28 μm long, distally with one large seta; terminal claw 93 μm long, smooth, with denticle subdistally.</p> <p>Legs 1–3 (Fig. 14A–C) with 3-segmented rami. Leg 4 (Fig. 14D) with 3-segmented exopod and 2-segmented endopod. All of these legs lacking inner coxal seta. Basis of leg 1 with mammillary process (indicated by arrowhead in Fig. 14A) at inner distal corner and thin, needle-shaped seta near base of endopod. Leg 4 with first exopodal segment bearing almost naked inner seta; third exopodal segment armed with three spines and four setae; first endopodal segment small, 26 × 23 μm; second endopodal segment 87 × 37 μm, much broader than first segment, with slightly undulating outer margin and terminal spine of 63 μm long. Armature formula of legs 1–4 as follows:</p> <p>Coxa Basis Exopod Endopod</p> <p>Leg 1: 0-0 1-1 I-1; I-1; III, 2, 2 0-1; 0-2; 1, 2, 3</p> <p>Leg 2: 0-0 1-0 I-1; I-1; III, I, 4 0-1; 0-2; 1, 2, 3</p> <p>Leg 3: 0-0 1-0 I-1; I-1; III, I, 5 0-1; 0-2; 1, I, 3</p> <p>Leg 4: 0-0 1-0 I-1; I-1; II, I, 4 0-0; 0, I, 1</p> <p>Leg 5 (Fig. 14E) 1-segmented, clearly articulated from somite, 77 × 54 μm, 1.43 times as long as wide, with four naked setae, innermost one of them thin. Leg 6 not seen in genital aperture (Fig. 13B).</p> <p> <b>Male.</b> Body (Fig. 15A) markedly smaller than that of female, 776 μm long. Prosome 465 × 375 μm. Cephalo- thorax 306 μm long, frontally truncate. Urosome (Fig. 15B) 6-segmented. Fifth pedigerous somite 95 μm wide, with angular lateral apices. Genital somite 79×138 μm, much wider than long, with rounded corners. Four abdominal somites 50 × 98, 45 × 86, 28 × 72, and 33 × 72 μm, respectively, with convex lateral margins. Anal somite with several minute spinules on ventral surface near base of caudal rami (Fig. 15C). Caudal ramus (Fig. 15C) 50 × 30 μm, 1.67 times as long as wide; ventrodistal apex bilobed.</p> <p> <b>FIG. 13.</b> <i>Stygiopontius horridus</i> n. sp., female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, dorsal; C, anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal; D, egg sac; E, antennule; F, antenna; G, terminal segment of antenna; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped. Scale bars: A, D = 0.2 mm; B = 0.1 mm; C, E, K = 0.05 mm; F–J = 0.02 mm.</p> <p> <b>FIG. 14.</b> <i>Stygiopontius horridus</i> n. sp., female. A, leg 1; B, leg 2; C, leg 3; D, leg 4; E, leg 5. Scale bars: 0.05 mm. <b>FIG. 15.</b> <i>Stygiopontius horridus</i> n. sp., male. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, ventral; C, caudal rami, ventral; D, antennule; E, coxa, basis and endopod of leg 1; F, leg 5. Scale bars: A = 0.1 mm; B, E = 0.05 mm; C, D, F = 0.02 mm.</p> <p>Rostrum absent. Antennule (Fig. 15D) stout, strongly recurved, and 13-segmented; armature formula 1, 2, 12, 1, 4, spine+1, 1, 4, 2, 2, 2, 1+aesthetasc, and 12; fifth segment with about three vestiges of articulations on posterior side; sixth segment with outgrowth bearing two spiniform processes, its terminal spine with small warts on all surfaces and tipped with short seta; eighth segment with two blunt processes on anterior margin, each tipped with seta; eleventh and twelfth segments respectively with two and three distally-directed processes on anterior margin. Antenna as in female.</p> <p> <b>FIG. 16.</b> <i>Stygiopontius horridus</i> n. sp., copepodid I. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, ventral C, antennule; D, antenna; E, mandible; F, maxillule; G, maxilla; H, maxilliped; I, leg 1; J, leg 2. Scale bars: A = 0.1 mm; B, I, J = 0.05 mm; C, D, G, H = 0.02 mm; E, F = 0.01 mm.</p> <p>Oral cone, mandible, maxillule, maxilla, and maxilliped as female.</p> <p>Leg 1 with first endopodal segment covered with numerous spinules on outer surface (Fig. 15E). Legs 2–4 as in female.</p> <p>Leg 5 (Fig. 15F) 2-segmented, but protopod short and not articulated from somite, with long outer seta; exopod 27 × 25 μm, with three setae on outer margin (middle one longer than other two) and two spiniform, blunt setae on distal margin; latter two distal setae sclerotized in proximal two-thirds and lamellate in distal third. Leg 6 represented by two unequal setae on genital operculum (Fig. 15B).</p> <p> <b>Copepodid I.</b> Body (Fig. 16A) 5-segmented, 422 μm long. Prosome consisting of cephalothorax and second pedigerous somite. Cephalothorax 213 × 193 μm, gradually narrowing posteriorly. Urosome (Fig. 16B) 3-seg- mented; first urosomite being third pedigerous somite. Second urosomite 30 × 57 μm, broadening posteriorly, with angular posterolateral corners. Anal somite 50 × 53 μm, with convex lateral margins. Caudal ramus 32 × 20 μm, with six setae; longest inner distal seta bipinnate; second longest outer distal seta pinnate along inner margin and finely spinulose along outer margin.</p> <p>Rostrum absent. Antennule (Fig. 16C) 3-segmented; second segment short; armature formula 3, 1, and 11 + 2 aesthetascs. Antenna (Fig. 16D) stout. Syncoxa and basis smooth. Exopod with two distal setae. Endopod 2-segmented; first segment unarmed; second segment with two setae and two broad, spiniform elements, one of latters with spinules at distal region.</p> <p>Oral cone short. Mandible (Fig. 16E) denticulate distally, with hyaline lamella at distal three-fourths. Maxillule (Fig. 16F) bilobed; outer and inner lobes with three and two setae, respectively. Maxilla (Fig. 16G) basically as in adult. Maxilliped (Fig. 16H) 4-segmented; syncoxa and basis unarmed; first and second endopodal segments each with one seta; terminal claw with spinules at distal region.</p> <p>Leg 1 (Fig. 16I) and leg 2 (Fig. 16J) biramous, both rami 1-segmented and lacking inner coxal seta. Basis of leg 1 with spinules along inner distal margin. Armature formula of these two legs as follows:</p> <p>Coxa Basis Exopod Endopod</p> <p>Leg 1: 0-0 1-0 IV, I, 3 1, 2, 4</p> <p>Leg 2: 0-0 1-0 III, I, 3 1, 2, 3</p> <p>Leg 3 (Fig. 16B) bilobed; outer lobe (exopod) with two setae; inner lobe unarmed. Legs 3–6 absent.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name <i>horridus</i>, from Latin <i>horrid</i> (prickly), alludes to the prickly tip of the distal spines of the antenna.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Stygiopontius horridus</i> n. sp. possesses the characteristic antenna and maxillule, typifying the new species. The antenna has a large tubercle on the first endopodal segment and two spinule-tipped distal spines on the second endopodal segment. The maxillule has only three (not four) setae on the inner lobe. Because these features are not shared by its congeners, the new species is easily distinguishable from other species in the genus.</p> <p>Ivanenko (1998) recorded copepodid I of a dirivultid copepod found in plankton over a hydrothermal vent on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This copepodid I appears to be different from our specimen from the Indian Ocean mainly in body length (0.37 mm in Ivanenko’s specimens), antennular segmentation (4-segmented in Ivanenko’s specimens) and setation, and the morphological features of the antenna (three setae on the exopod and an elongate terminal spine on the second endopodal segment in Ivanenko’s specimens).</p> <p>The discovery of a copepodid I juvenile in amplexus with a male adult in the vent community implies that copepodid I of this species stays on the bottom of the vent field and that mate guarding may take place as early as the female copepodid I stage.</p>Published as part of <i>Lee, Jimin, Kim, Dongsung & Kim, Il-Hoi, 2020, Copepoda (Siphonostomatoida: Dirivultidae) from Hydrothermal Vent Fields on the Central Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean, pp. 301-337 in Zootaxa 4759 (3)</i> on pages 320-326, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3741134">http://zenodo.org/record/3741134</a>
Determination of the band parameters of bulk 2H-MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se) by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
No full textMonolayer MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se) has recently been drawn much attention due to their application possibility as well as the novel valley physics. On the other hand, it is also important to understand the electronic structures of bulk MX2 for material applications since it is very challenging to grow large size uniform and sustainable monolayer MX2. We performed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and tight binding calculations to investigate the electronic structures of bulk 2H-MX2. We could extract all the important electronic band parameters for bulk 2H-MX2, including the band gap, direct band gap size at K (-K) point and spin splitting size. Upon comparing the parameters for bulk 2H-MX2 (our work) with mono- and multi-layer MX2 (published), we found that stacked layers, substrates for thin films, and carrier concentration significantly affect the parameters, especially the band gap size. The origin of such effect is discussed in terms of the screening effect. © The Author(s) 20161341sciescopu
The magic of storytelling : learning the craft at Millward Brown.
No full textThis report documents the learning journey of an intern at Millward Brown, one of the world’s top ten research agencies. As part of the curriculum structure, third year Communication Studies students at Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information are required to undergo a 24-week Professional Internship (PI) at an organization. The author chose to work at Millward Brown so that he could immerse himself in the market research sector and had a taste of what the future working life as a market researcher is like.
Throughout the report, bits and pieces of experience of the author as an intern will be weaved together to provide a snapshot of the vibrancy of the market research sector through the lenses of Millward Brown.
This report, hence, seeks to give an insight into the internal structure of Millward Brown, the services it provides as well as its relationship with clients and its position in the research sector. In addition, this report also outlines the training and the knowledge that the author has acquired as an intern research associate as well as how he has applied this training in his daily jobscope with four different clients: Johnson & Johnson, Pepsi Co., Cerebros, and Gillette.
Above all, facets of the working life, working environment, and other social skills required at work are also reflected on in this report. The author concludes the report with the major takeaways he has from 24 weeks of hands-on learning that will in one way or another provide him with a better picture of the working world that he might join one day.COMMUNICATION STUDIE
Stygiopontius spinifer Lee & Kim & Kim 2020, n. sp.
No full textStygiopontius spinifer n. sp. (Figs 11, 12) http://zoobank.org/ BBD02F2A-B2ED-4EEF-A084-EACA8134C4BE Material examined. Fifty-five females from sediments at GTV 1809 (11°24.883´S, 65°25.425´E, depth 2022 m), the Onnuri vent field on the Central Indian Ridge, 23 June 2018. Holotype (female, MABIK CR00244729) and paratypes (30 females, MABIK CR00244730) have been deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon. Other specimens are retained in the collection of the junior author. Additional material examined. Ten females (one female dissected) from washings of invertebrates at GTV 1702 (19°33.387´S, 65°50.893´E, depth 2507 m), the Solitaire vent field on the Central Indian Ridge, 01 August 2017; four females from washings of invertebrates at GTV1807 (19°33.395´S, 65°50.889´E, depth 2634 m), the Solitaire vent field on the Central Indian Ridge, 20 June 2018. Female. Body (Fig. 11A) dorsoventrally flattened, 1.51 mm long. Prosome 865 × 742 μm, oviform in dorsal view; posterolateral corners pointed in cephalothorax and second pedigerous somite, but rounded in third and fourth pedigerous somites. Cephalothorax 523 μm long. Urosome (Fig. 11B) 5-segmented. Fifth pedigerous somite trap- ezoidal, 199 μm wide, with blunt lateral apices. Genital double-somite 184 × 180 μm; anterior third broader than posterior two thirds, with claw-like, posteriorly directed lateral process on both sides near genital aperture; narrower posterior part gradually narrowing posteriorly. Three free abdominal somites 85 × 119, 61 × 109, and 61 × 107 μm, respectively. Anal somite with five or six spinules along both sides of posteroventral border (Fig. 11C). Caudal rami (Fig. 11C) parallel; each ramus 97 × 45 μm measured in ventral view, 2.16 times as long as wide, with six setae (setae II–VII); two larger mid-terminal setae pinnate along distal two thirds; inner terminal seta unilaterally pinnate along inner margin; other three setae naked. Rostrum absent.Antennule (Fig. 11D) 430 μm long and 12-segmented; third segment longest; armature formula FIG. 11. Stygiopontius spinifer n. sp., female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, dorsal, C, caudal rami, ventral; D, antennule; E, antenna; F, mandible; G, maxillule; H, maxilla; I, maxilliped. Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B = 0.1 mm; C–I = 0.05 mm. FIG. 12. Stygiopontius spinifer n. sp., female. A, leg 1; B, leg 2; C, leg 3; D, leg 4; E, leg 5; F, left genital aperture. Scale bars: 0.05 mm. 1, 2, 12, 8, 2, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 + aesthetasc, and 13; aesthetasc on penultimate segment more than twice as long as terminal segment; setae generally short, all of them naked. Antenna (Fig. 11E) with short, unarmed syncoxa. Basis smooth. Exopod small, 13 × 9 μm, with three setae. Endopod 2-segmented; proximal segment 62 × 29 μm, with fine spinules along distal half of outer margin; distal segment 43 × 21 μm, with two spines, two setae, and few setules. Oral cone stout. Mandible (Fig. 11F) with about ten teeth distally, one blunt process near distal fourth of outer margin, and two hyaline lamellae (proximal and distal) on inner margin. Maxillule (Fig. 11G) bilobed; outer lobe with four setae, including three large, weakly pinnate and one small, naked ones; inner lobe with four setae distally and several setules on inner margin. Maxilla (Fig. 11H) as usual in the genus; seta between segments not extending over basis. Maxilliped (Fig. 11I) 5-segmented; syncoxa and basis each with one inner seta, 54 and 45 μm long, respectively, both spinulose in distal half; endopod with two, two, and one setae, respectively, on first to third segments; third segment 45 μm long; terminal claw 117 μm long, weakly arched, with spinules along distal half of inner margin. Legs 1–4 (Fig. 12A–D) without inner seta on coxa. Second endopodal segment of legs 1–3 with bicuspid outer distal corner. Inner distal spine on basis of first leg 40 μm long and slender. Basis of leg 2 with five spinules on inner side. Leg 4 (Fig. 12D) with three spines and four setae on third exopodal segment; first endopodal segment 45 × 26 μm; second endopodal segment 76 × 32 μm, its distal spine 100 μm long. Armature formula of legs 1–4 as follows: Coxa Basis Exopod Endopod Leg 1: 0-0 1-I I-1; I-1; III, 2, 2 0-1; 0-2; 1, 2, 3 Leg 2: 0-0 1-0 I-1; I-1; III, I, 4 0-1; 0-2; 1, 2, 3 Leg 3: 0-0 1-0 I-1; I-1; III, I, 5 0-1; 0-2; 1, I, 3 Leg 4: 0-0 1-0 I-1; I-1; II, I, 4 0-0; 0, I, 1 Leg 5 (Fig. 12E) unsegmented but divided into proximal and distal parts by unsclerotized band on both surfaces; proximal part 46 × 32 μm, with large, feebly pinnate seta; distal part 23 × 23 μm, with three setae, larger outer seta twice as long as two smaller inner setae. Leg 6 (Fig. 12F) represented by one naked seta in genital aperture. Male. Unknown. Etymology. The specific name spinifer, Latin spin (=a spine) and fero (=to carry), alludes to the spiniform process on the lateral margins of the genital double-somite, as in several congeners. Remarks. The genus Stygiopontius is characterized by the combination of the features, as follows: (1) the endopod of leg 1 is three-segmented in both sexes; (2) the first endopodal segment of leg 3 is armed with an inner seta; (3) the first endopodal segment of leg 4 lacks an inner seta; and (4) the second endopodal segment of leg 4 is armed with one distal spine and one inner seta. In the genus Stygiopontius, seven species are known to have, like S. spinifer n. sp., two (not three) outer spines on the third exopodal segment of leg 4 (armature formula II, I, 4), as follows: S. cinctiger Humes, 1987, S. lomonosovi Ivanenko and Martinez Arbizu 2006, S. mucroniferus Humes, 1987, S. rimivagus Humes, 1997, S. serratus Humes, 1996, S. teres Humes, 1996, and S. verruculatus Humes, 1987. In six of these species, at least one of legs 1–4 has an inner seta on the coxa. In S. verruculatus, the remaining species, there is no inner seta on the coxa of any of legs 1–4, which is comparable with S. spinifer n. sp. Stygiopontius verruculatus, known from the East Pacific Rise, was described based only on the male (Humes 1987). Although a direct comparison between it and S. spinifer n. sp. may be difficult, some sexually non-dimorphic characters may be used to compare male S. verruculatus and female S. spinifer n. sp., as follows: (1) the epimeral regions of the fourth pedigerous somite are rounded in S. spinifer n. sp. but tapering and pointed in S. verruculatus; (2) the innermost distal seta on the caudal ramus of S. spinifer n. sp. is unilaterally pinnate, whereas that of S. verruculatus is naked; and (3) the inner element on the basis of the maxilliped is a seta located at the proximal third in S. spinifer n. sp. but a ball-like process located near distal third in S. verruculatus.Published as part of Lee, Jimin, Kim, Dongsung & Kim, Il-Hoi, 2020, Copepoda (Siphonostomatoida: Dirivultidae) from Hydrothermal Vent Fields on the Central Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean, pp. 301-337 in Zootaxa 4759 (3) on pages 317-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/374113
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