1,720,990 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Information Avoidance: An Interchangeable Mechanism of Self-Protection
Get PDFAcross 4 studies, we examined whether information avoidance—the deliberate decision to remain ignorant of available information—serves a self-protective function that is interchangeable with other mechanisms of self-protection. We tested this idea by examining the relationship between information avoidance and defensive derogation of feedback. In Studies 1a and 1b, we examine whether people with a prior disposition to avoid would be more likely to derogate health information they received. We then replicated these findings in a large, confirmatory sample (Study 2). Study 3 experimentally ruled out two potential alternative explanations for the relationship established in Studies 1 and 2 by manipulating whether participants have an opportunity to avoid feedback (eliminating self-selection bias), and by presenting everyone with identical feedback (eliminating variance in the feedback received). Finally, Study 4 experimentally tested whether situations that should influence defensiveness—induction of self-(un)certainty—would increase (certainty) or decrease (uncertainty) both proactive avoidance and reactive defensiveness (Study 4). Taken together, results suggest that information avoidance is likely part of a broader self-protective system, and that people will substitute other mechanisms of self-protection for avoidance
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Avoiding Information About Food
No full textFood is an ever-present part of the environment, nevertheless, no research has attempted to broadly examine the phenomenon of avoiding information about food. This literature has predominately focused on avoiding calorie information, avoiding information about animals, and information about environmental impact. In the present work, I investigated what types of information people will avoid learning about their food and the individual differences associated with the desire to avoid food information. Using a mixed-methods approach, in three studies, this project explores what information people want to avoid learning about their food, the extent to which people want to avoid specific undesirable food information, and what individual differences relate to food-related information avoidance. In Study 1, participants provided free responses to questions about food information they would like to avoid. The results revealed that participants most often cited a desire to avoid information about food preparation followed by information about the content/ingredients in the food. In Study 2, participants were assigned to one of four conditions representing food contexts that had different levels of personal control and social obligation and were asked to rate their degree of desire to avoid pieces of food information. Results suggested on average participants most preferred to avoid information surrounding others. This included information such as being judged by others and the burden it took for others to make them their meal. Moreover, participants were more likely to avoid food information in a food context where they experience low personal control. In Study 3, participants rated their degree of desire to avoid food information, along with several individual difference measure. Results revealed that eating identity centrality, food-related disgust, environmental concern, and perception of current physical health were all significant predictors of food-related information avoidance. These findings are an important initial step in identifying the information people are most inclined to avoid and suggest that reports of what people immediately consider when recalling what they do not want to know about their food might not fully portray the information they most want to avoid. Furthermore, they provide an initial base for understanding of the what and the who of information avoidance in the context of food
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Managing Medical Providers’ Weight Stigma: Malleability Mindsets, Confrontation Effectiveness Beliefs, and Willingness to Confront
No full textThis research examines whether and how health service users’ mindsets about weight stigma predict willingness to confront physicians’ weight-based discrimination. It brings together work on prejudice confrontations, patient self-advocacy, weight stigma in healthcare, and mindsets about the malleability of prejudice, theorizing that confrontation willingness might positively relate to (1) lay theories—viewing weight bias as malleable—,(2) metatheories—perceiving one’s provider to hold a malleable mindset—and, (3) strategy effectiveness beliefs—believing available strategies will improve medical care quality. Accordingly, Study 1 (N = 247) examined baseline rates of confrontation willingness and tested whether it related to lay and metatheories through strategy effectiveness beliefs. Results indicated that metatheories—but not lay theories—might predict confrontation willingness through effectiveness beliefs. Study 2 (N = 226) then experimentally tested the effect of lay theories on strategy willingness and effectiveness beliefs, supporting the notion that, in comparison to fixed beliefs about physician bias, malleable beliefs increase willingness to confront a telehealth provider, but not the idea that effectiveness beliefs explain increased willingness. Study 3 (N = 225) then experimentally tested the effect of metatheories on willingness and effectiveness beliefs. Contrary to Study 1, no support emerged for the theorized expectations. Still, findings provide a foundation for future work to examine how providers might cue patients to their mindset. This work advances theory on weight stigma, doctor-patient interactions, and prejudice confrontation by examining whether patients will confront providers’ weight bias when they encounter it. It also introduces mindsets of weight bias contextualized within the doctor-patient relationship as a key psychological process that might be leveraged to help patients address challenging medical interactions. Furthermore, this research highlights avenues for future work to examine how providers might create space for patients to advocate for themselves by cultivating and signaling malleable mindsets associated with desirable outcomes
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Information Unwantedness and the Decision to Avoid Health Information
Get PDFDespite the potential negative implications of avoiding information about one’s health, research finds that people sometimes avoid this information. Current theorizing on avoidance implies that information is avoided to the extent that it is unwanted, however, no research has measured this construct of unwantedness nor examined its potential role in avoidance behavior. Further, although past work examines links between individual factors and avoidance, it generally fails to consider how these factors may work in tandem to predict avoidance. The present work proposes and defines a novel construct which can summarize multiple factors that contribute to health information avoidance: unwantedness of information, or the extent to which one does not desire information.In Study 1, participants completed a disease risk calculator, faced a decision to learn or forego their disease-risk feedback, and completed three measures of unwantedness. The results revealed that a brief 2-item measure of unwantedness accounted for as much variance in avoidance as more extended measures. Further, unwantedness of disease-risk feedback was associated with a greater likelihood of avoiding disease-risk feedback. In Study 2, participants completed a disease risk calculator, the 2-item measure of unwantedness, and then faced a decision to learn or forego their disease-risk feedback. The results revealed that the 2-item measure of unwantedness demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity. Moreover, disutility of learning information and lack of resources for learning information were both associated with greater unwantedness of information which, in turn, was associated with a greater likelihood of information avoidance. In Study 3, participants were assigned to a behavioral obligation manipulation, a manipulation emphasizing lack of treatment, or a control condition before completing a risk calculator for TAA deficiency (a fictitious disease). Next, they completed the 2-item measure of unwantedness and faced a decision to learn or forego their disease-risk feedback. The results suggested that the behavioral obligation manipulation increased unwantedness of disease-risk feedback and, in turn, avoidance. Collectively, these findings support the role of unwantedness of information in decisions to avoid health information and suggest that unwantedness is a promising target for future research aimed at reducing avoidance of health information
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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