51,475 research outputs found
Some Howell Designs of prime side II
No full textAbstractIn part I of this paper we showed that for any pair (m, r) of positive integers, r odd, there is a positive integer N1(m, r) such that if p is a prime, p = 2mrs+1>N1(m>, r), r, s odd positive integers, then Howell Designs of all types H∗(p, 2n), p+1⩽2n⩽2p−2s exist. We now verify that under the same hypotheses (except that (m>, r) = (1, 1) is not allowed), there is a positive integer N2(m>, r) such that if p = 2mrs+1>N2(m, r), then Howell Designs of all types H∗(p, 2n). 2p−2s⩽2n⩽2p−6 exist. Since designs of type H∗(p>, 2p−4) and H∗(p, 2p) are known to exist for p⩾7, it follows that if p = 2mrs+1>N(m, r) = max{N1(m,r). N2(m,r)}, then Howell Designs of all types H∗(p, 2n), except possibly type H∗(p, 2p−2), exist. When this is the case, we say that almost all H∗(p, 2n) exist. As in part I, the method of construction appears to be much better than the general bounds obtained. We are able to show that N(2, 1) = 5. Thus, if 5<p = 4s+1, s odd, then almost all H∗(p, 2n) exist. Evidence is presented to show that N(1, 3) is almost certainly 1. In particular, if p = 6s+1<1000, s odd, then almost all H∗(p, 2n) exist
Testing for a deficit in single-case studies: effect of departures from normality
No full textIn neuropsychological single-case research inferences concerning a patient’s cognitive status are often based on referring the patient’s test score to those obtained from a modestly sized control sample. Two methods of testing for a deficit (z and a method proposed by Crawford & Howell, 1998) both assume the control distribution is normal but this assumption will often be violated in practice. Monte Carlo simulation was employed to study the effects of leptokurtosis and the combination of skew and leptokurtosis on the Type I error rates for these two methods. For Crawford and Howell’s method, leptokurtosis produced only a modest inflation of the Type I error rate when the control sample N was small-to-modest in size and error rates were lower than the specified rates at larger N. In contrast, the combination of leptokurtosis and skew produced marked inflation of error rates for small Ns. With a specified error rate of 5%, actual error rates as high as 14.31% and 9.96% were observed for z and Crawford and Howell’s method respectively. Potential solutions to the problem of non-normal data are evaluated
The Plains and the Rockies : a contribution to the bibliography of original narratives of travel and adventure, 1800-1865 / by Henry R. Wagner
No full textManuscript note on front fly leaf: F. P. Farquhar. This is not one of the 18 copies, but one of the two or three which I have saved out of the 22 returned. HRWagner.With the book label of H. R. WagnerFarquhar Collection of Henry R. Wagner's Works"Corrections" (6 p.) laid inIncludes indexReference: Wagner no.7Mode of access: Internet
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
"Institutional Failure and the American Worker, The Collapse of Low-Skill Wages"
No full textHowell argues that the collapse of low-skill wages in the United States cannot be explained by a skill mismatch resulting from a technology-driven decline in the for low-skill labor. He presents evidence refuting the prevailing belief that a substantial shift in demand away from low-skill work characterized the 1980s. He asserts that a more compelling explanation for the growing wage gap can be found in fundamental changes in the institutions, practices, and norms that determine labor market outcomes--a return to a confrontational attitude toward labor by management, a shift to a laissez-faire approach to regulatory and redistributive functions by government, and management's adoption of low-road strategies to cut labor costs in response to competitive pressures.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Lack of evidence of a significant association between HLA-DR, DQ and DP genotypes and atopy in families with HDM allergy
No full textBackground: HLA class II genetic polymorphism has been variably implicated in susceptibility to specific immune responsiveness to house dust mite (HDM) allergens, and may also influence the development of atopy.Objective: In order to assess accurately the influence of HLA alleles in the atopic immune response, we typed 22 families selected from 131 previously obtained randomly selected families (i.e. without regard to atopy or asthma), chosen on the basis of two or more members having skin prick reactivity to HDM.Methods: Each individual was fully typed for HLA-DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 and DPB1 class II alleles using a combination of sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (SSOP) and sequence-specific primer (SSP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) typing and direct sequencing.Result: Using appropriate statistical tests, no significant allelic associations were found between any DRBl, DQB1 or DPBl alleles and atopy or skin prick reactivity to Dermataphagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) or D. farinae (Der f). However, positive associations were found between DQA 1*0301 and skin prick reactivity to Der f (P= 0.009) and atopy (P= 0.027). Sib-pair analysis revealed no significant sharing of alleles between affected sib pairs for any of the phenotypes studied.Conclusion: These results fail to confirm a previously reported association between the DRB1*04 and 07 haplotypes and atopy, and suggest that HLA class II restriction does not play a major role in the development of the IgE response to domestic house dust mite allergens in the British population.<br/
[R] in Germanic dialects – tradition or innovation?
No full textThe quality of [R] in Germanic dialects is one of the most discussed phonological topics in Historical Linguistics, ircling around one main question: Was it front or back? Scholars have proposed a back sound arisen through foreign influence as well as a native uvular trill. In this paper, I offer a comparative survey of the available literature, from the earliest superficial comments to modern in-depth dialect analysis, providing a synthesis of the arguments that have been proposed over time. Though no definite answer can ever be found, I provide what I regard to be a plausible answer as the outcome of the research that underlies this essay
ire Resigning from the Naval Service
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