1,721,386 research outputs found
The role of toll-like receptors in human lung tissue
No full textViral exacerbations of COPD playa major role in disease pathogenesis. The specific mechanisms through which viruses invoke exacerbations, however, remain unclear. To date, there is little information on the inflammatory response induced by many different viruses and likewise the kinetics and dose dependency of this response. To better understand the innate immune response of human lung tissue to viral infections, this study investigated the role of TLR3 in response to the TLR3 agonist Poly I:C and killed influenza virus. These agonist responses were compared to that of a known inflammatory stimulus, LPS, a well recognized TLR4 activator. Using a tissue explant model system, it has been shown that ligands for TLR3 and TLR4 can initiate responses in human lung tissue of mild to moderate COPD patients. It is apparent however, that the responses between the ligands for these receptor subtypes differ markedly based upon the cytokines produced and their kinetic profiles. It has been demonstrated that different classes of the chemokine family may contribute significantly to the inflammatory response for Poly I:C, killed virus and LPS. Interestingly, however, there appears to be marked inter-patient variability for chemokine production with Poly I:C. It has also been shown that Th2 cytokines do not appear to be significantly elevated by Poly I:.C or killed virus, suggesting the mechanisms of viral exacerbation are likely to be a Thl response. Interestingly, it was also observed that pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFa, IL-l~ and IL-6 were not significantly elevated by Poly I:C or killed virus, which was in complete contrast to the response seen with LPS. Overall, this work provides an insight into the contribution of cytokines in the acute inflammatory response to viral and bacterial infection.</p
Hyperspectral data for various Oxford University Collections: Research data produced by David Howell
No full textHyperspectral cubes in ENVI format, stored on discrete password-protected server within the Bodleian Libraries. In order to access the data, please contact one of the creators directly
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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