1,721,081 research outputs found
Le financement de la transition numérique par les collectivités territoriales
No full textAttention : Version manuscrite avant repagination éditorialeInternational audienceLes collectivités territoriales doivent faire face à une mutation profonde de l’action administrative et politique. Elles n’ont plus seulement vocation à accompagner ces évolutions mais également à les générer. Leurs missions évoluent. Dès lors de nombreuses interrogations apparaissent. Comment les personnes publiques locales s’inscrivent-elles dans l’économie du numérique ? Quels sont leurs nouvelles compétences, la nouvelle relation avec l’administré, mais aussi les risques existants ?Le présent ouvrage rassemble les actes d’un colloque qui s’est tenu à Besançon les 14 et 15 novembre 2018. Il a réuni des universitaires publicistes et privatistes, des élus et des praticiens autour des enjeux actuels et futurs de la révolution numérique. Fruit d’une rencontre entre le Centre de Recherches Juridiques de l’Université de Franche-Comté (CRJFC) et l’Association Française de droit des Collectivités Locales (AFDCL), il s’inscrit dans le cadre des Journées d’études annuelles de l’AFDCL
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
La capacité de mise en œuvre des acteurs économiques privés : mobiliser les promoteurs immobiliers dans un contexte d’austérité
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The legal aspects of the financing of major infrastructure projects in ECOWAS
No full textCette thèse porte sur le droit de la commande publique, en particulier le développement de nouvelles formes contractuelles de financement des infrastructures publiques à travers des partenariats public-privé (PPP). Dans cette perspective, le droit africain représente un laboratoire où des dispositions spécifiques récemment élaborées s'alignent sur les besoins de financement du développement, complétant ainsi stratégiquement les mécanismes traditionnels de coopération. La crise financière internationale prolongée et le manque de financement public adéquat ont conduit plusieurs pays africains à développer de nouveaux mécanismes de financement, notamment des montages de projets innovants. Ainsi, l'approche CET (Construction, Exploitation et Transfert), connu sous son acronyme anglo-saxon « BOT » (Build, Operate, Transfer) a été adoptée pour financer plusieurs projets d'infrastructure importants avec des fonds privés, le plus souvent internationaux. La Côte d'Ivoire a été pionnière de cette expérimentation en Afrique de l'Ouest dans le secteur de l'électricité avec la Centrale d'Azito. Par ailleurs, plusieurs projets économiques d'envergure ont vu la participation du secteur privé (nouvel aéroport de Dakar, autoroute qui relie Dakar au nouvel aéroport, pont à péage d'Abidjan, projet de barrage hydroélectrique de Souapiti en Guinée, etc.). A l'instar de la loi française et de son ordonnance sur les partenariats public-privé de 2004 (modifiée par l'ordonnance sur les marchés publics de 2015), les pays africains ont également souhaité se doter d'un instrument complémentaire de partenariat public-privé. Cet outil permet de financer des infrastructures rentables et sociales ou peu rentables remboursées par l'État en fonction de la disponibilité des infrastructures, des services et de leur performance. De nombreux pays africains ont adopté des lois spécifiques autorisant de tels contrats de partenariat (Guinée, Sénégal, Burkina Faso, Bénin, Ghana, Mali, etc.), et d'autres ont élargi le cadre juridique existant pour les concessions ou adopté une loi générale (Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Niger). Même si l'évolution des partenariats public-privé en Afrique montre que le BOT semble être la meilleure option compte tenu du niveau de développement du continent, le développement du PPP, y compris le BOT, reste difficile dans les pays de la Communauté Économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO). Ces modèles de financement présentent des risques juridiques, qui doivent être gérés pour assurer la bonne réalisation des projets. Ils nécessitent un environnement favorable et notamment un cadre juridique adapté et un encadrement renforcé des PPP, une rédaction équilibrée des clauses contractuelles, une gestion rigoureuse des contrats et des litiges, la recherche d'un environnement financier stable et une protection affirmée des finances publiques pour éviter l'endettement des États. Cependant, le recours aux PPP est nécessaire pour réduire le déficit d'infrastructures dans les pays de la CEDEAO et s'inscrit dans le cadre des « Objectifs de développement durable » (ODD) adoptés par les Nations Unies pour la période 2015-2030.This thesis focuses on public procurement law, particularly the development of new contractual forms of public infrastructure financing through public-private partnerships (PPP). In this perspective, African law represents a laboratory where specific provisions recently elaborated align with development financing needs, thus strategically complementing traditional cooperation mechanisms. The protracted international financial crisis and the lack of adequate public funding have led several African countries to develop new financing mechanisms, including innovative project packages. Thus, the CET (Construction, Operation, and Transfer) approach, known by its Anglo-Saxon acronym "BOT" (Build, Operate, Transfer), has been adopted to finance several important infrastructure projects with private funds, most often international. Côte d'Ivoire was a pioneer in this experiment in West Africa in the electricity sector with the Azito Power Plant. But, during the last two decades, several other large-scale economic projects have seen the participation of the private sector in the region. The most successful projects are the new airport in Dakar, the highway connecting Dakar to the new airport, the Abidjan toll bridge, the Souapiti hydroelectric dam project in Guinea... Like the French law and its 2004 Ordinance on Public-Private Partnerships (amended by the 2015 Ordinance on Public Procurement), African countries have also wished to equip themselves with a complementary public-private partnership instrument. This tool makes it possible to finance profitable and social or unprofitable infrastructures reimbursed by the State according to the availability of infrastructures, services, and performance. Many African countries have adopted laws allowing such partnership contracts (Guinea, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Benin, Ghana, Mali, etc.). Others have expanded the existing legal framework for concessions or adopted a general law (Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Niger). Even though the evolution of public-private partnerships in Africa shows that BOT appears to be the best option given the continent's level of development, the development of PPPs, including BOT, remains challenging in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries. These funding models present legal risks. These risks adequately mitigated could ensure the successful completion of projects. The models require a favorable environment, particularly an adapted legal framework and a reinforced framework for PPPs, balanced drafting of contractual clauses, rigorous management of contracts and disputes, the search for a stable financial environment, and strong protection of public finances to avoid state indebtedness. Despite these requirements, PPPs are necessary to reduce the infrastructure deficit in ECOWAS countries to maintain their development trajectory towards the United Nations 2030 "Sustainable Development Goals" (SDGs)
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