1,721,013 research outputs found
Extracorporeal blood purification in sepsis and sepsis-related acute kidney injury
No full textSepsis-related acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important complicating feature of sepsis, and is associated with greater complexity of care and higher mortality. Until recently, AKI lacked a standard, widely accepted definition, rendering it difficult to compare previously published strategies to prevent, recognize and treat this entity. Recently, the RIFLE classification of AKI has been developed, and confirmed in observational studies to be associated with subsequent morbidity and mortality. The management of sepsis-related AKI is evolving with new basic discoveries and ongoing translational clinical research, and will likely include nephroprotective strategies to protect kidneys in patients at risk, early recognition and amelioration of renal damage and pharmacological interventions to minimize injury and promote recovery. Furthermore, extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) has an important role to play, not only in the replacement of certain aspects of renal organ function such as acid -base/el ectrolyte homeostasis and extracellular fluid volume, but also in an immunomodulatory fashion. As a therapy that has the potential to influence the course of disease in sepsis, EBP in sepsis and sepsis-related AKI is the subject of this review. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel
The Burden of Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis Patients (Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4)
No full textType 4 cardiorenal syndrome is a growing societal problem as the aging population, with increasing incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and other cardiovascular risks, leads to higher numbers of individuals suffering the complications of this bidirectional disorder. In this review, the immense burden of cardiovascular risk faced by patients on dialysis, as well as lesser degrees of CKD, will be examined, with emphasis on rates of acute coronary syndrome/coronary insufficiency, congestive heart failure/left ventricular hypertrophy, and cardiac arrhythmia/sudden cardiac death. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Base
Cardiorenal and renocardiac syndromes: the need for a comprehensive classification and consensus
No full textAnti-inflammatory drugs and the kidney
No full textNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) enjoy widespread use in clinical practice, leading to a remarkable frequency of unwanted renal side effects. In most cases, NSAID-induced acute renal failure or acute kidney injury is hemodynamically mediated. Clinical syndromes associated with NSAID use include acute renal failure, acute interstitial nephritis, worsening of chronic kidney disease (CKD), salt and water retention and hypertension. Careful monitoring of renal function is advisable in patients at increased risk such as elderly individuals with compromised cardiac reserve, and diabetics
Cardiorenal syndrome: refining the definition of a complex symbiosis gone wrong
No full textBackground: The term "cardiorenal syndrome" has generally been reserved for declining renal function in the setting of advanced congestive heart failure. Considering the complex and bi-directional relationship between the heart and the kidneys, we postulate refining the definition to recognize the symbiotic nature of these organs. Discussion: We divide the cardiorenal syndrome into five subtypes: type I, acute cardiorenal syndrome; type II, chronic cardiorenal syndrome; type III, acute renocardiac syndrome; type IV, chronic renocardiac syndrome; and type V, secondary cardiorenal syndrome. Conclusions: As early recognition of dysfunction in one organ may prove important in mitigating the spiral of co-dysfunction in both, the need for early and treatment-guiding biomarkers, along with their characteristics, are also discussed
Therapeutic Strategies for Heart Failure in Cardiorenal Syndromes
No full textCardiorenal syndromes are disorders of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or long-term dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or long-term dysfunction of the other. The management of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors may influence, in a beneficial or harmful way, kidney function and progression of kidney injury. In this review, we assess therapeutic strategies and discuss treatment options for the management of patients with heart failure with decreased kidney function and highlight the need for future high-quality studies in patients with coexisting heart and kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 56: 759-773. (C) 2010 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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