1,720,969 research outputs found
Comparison Effect on Biogas Production from Vegetable and Fruit Waste with Rumen Digesta Through Co-Digestion Process
Full text linkBiogas is the best renewable energy as it can be produced from any biomass for example any plant or living organism. The purpose of this research was to produce biomethane from co-digestion of vegetable and fruit waste with rumen digesta through anaerobic digestion process. In this research, two trials of experiment were conducted. Each trial has three different sample with different mixing ratios. Raw materials used in the experiment was rumen digesta of goat and cow, potato, capsicum, cucumbers, onions, radish, cauliflower, carrot, leafy vegetables, apple, banana, and papaya. In each sample, 1200 gram of raw materials were used. Hydraulic retention time was 30 days. Data was collected by water displacement method. The experiment found that the gas production started from 2nd or 3rd days and stops in 28th or 29th day. Highest production of biogas was 35, 33, 30, 40, 50 and 35 mL/day on the 17th, 14th, 17th, 11th, 12th and 7th day at the mixing ratios of 1:1:2, 1:2:1, 1:1.5:1.5, 1:0.5:0.5, 1:2:2 and 1.5:1.5:1 (Rumen Digesta: Vegetable Waste: Fruit Waste) respectively. The study suggests making digester for the recycling of waste to produce biogas, a renewable and environment friendly energy.Tasnim, Anika; Mamun, Muhammad; Hossen, Md Anwar; Rahman, Towfiq. (2022). Comparison Effect on Biogas Production from Vegetable and Fruit Waste with Rumen Digesta Through Co-Digestion Process. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, 10.24018/ejenergy.2022.2.1.38
Effect of urea fertilizer deep placement days after transplanting using brri prilled urea applicator on transplanted boro rice yield
No full textRice is the most important crop in the developing countries of Asia. In the south and south-east Asia, rain-fed and irrigated transplanted rice occupies nearly two-thirds of the rice-growing area and produces more than 80% of the rough rice. In these areas, prilled urea conventionally applied by farmers is very insufficient in the transplanted rice field, where severe losses occur (up to 60% of applied N) via NH3volatilization, denitrification, leaching, and runoff. Considering loss minimization, an experiment was conducted during the Boro season at Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) in Sylhet to evaluate the performance of BRRI Prilled Urea Applicator (BPUA) at the different periods after transplanting BRRI dhan28. The results reveal that the field performance of the BPUA was suitable on first day after seedling transplanting under sandy clay loam soil compared to the third day after transplanting (DAT). At the 105 DAT, the height of the crop was found to be 104.3, 104.3, and 95.7 cm for urea deep placement by BPUA on first, second, and third day after seedling transplanting respectively. The maximum grain and straw yield was found at 6.8 t ha-1 and 5.2 t ha-1, respectively which varied with the date of applicator operation after seedling transplanting. The benefit-cost ratio was found 1.63 at first DAT, whereas it was lower on the third days after seedling transplanting. Farmer can apply urea fertilizer in the non-oxidized zone by the BPUA after the first and second day of seedling transplanting in the sandy clay loam soil for maximum yield.Mamun, Muhammad; Nahar, K.; Rahman, Towfiq; Hossen, Md Anwar. (2020). Effect of urea fertilizer deep placement days after transplanting using brri prilled urea applicator on transplanted boro rice yield. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/276908
FedProtoKD: Dual Knowledge Distillation with Adaptive Class-wise Prototype Margin for Heterogeneous Federated Learning
Full text linkHeterogeneous Federated Learning (HFL) has gained attention for its ability to accommodate diverse models and heterogeneous data across clients. Prototype-based HFL methods emerge as a promising solution to address statistical heterogeneity and privacy challenges, paving the way for new advancements in HFL research. This method focuses on sharing only class-representative prototypes among heterogeneous clients. However, these prototypes are often aggregated on the server using weighted averaging, leading to sub-optimal global knowledge; these cause the shrinking of aggregated prototypes, which negatively affects the model performance in scenarios when models are heterogeneous and data distributions are extremely non-IID. We propose FedProtoKD in a Heterogeneous Federated Learning setting, using an enhanced dual-knowledge distillation mechanism to improve the system performance with clients' logits and prototype feature representation. We aim to resolve the prototype margin-shrinking problem using a contrastive learning-based trainable server prototype by leveraging a class-wise adaptive prototype margin. Furthermore, we assess the importance of public samples using the closeness of the sample's prototype to its class representative prototypes, which enhances learning performance. FedProtoKD achieved average improvements of 1.13% up to 34.13% accuracy across various settings and significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art HFL methods.This is a preprint from Hossen, Md Anwar, Fatema Siddika, Wensheng Zhang, Anuj Sharma, and Ali Jannesari. "FedProtoKD: Dual Knowledge Distillation with Adaptive Class-wise Prototype Margin for Heterogeneous Federated Learning." arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.19009 (2025). doi: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.19009
Fair allocation of bandwidth at edge servers for concurrent federated learning processes
Full text linkCloud servers can handle large amounts of data and many devices, but they have slow and unstable communication over extended networks. Edge servers work with smaller data, but have faster and more stable communication with nearby devices. This led to the client-edge-cloud system. As FL grows, more processes need a set-up with multiple FL servers. Edge servers have limited bandwidth and must be shared between FL servers and clients, limiting how many requests they can handle simultaneously. This work explores concurrent FL processes within a three-tier system, with edge servers between edge devices and FL servers. A challenge in this setup is the limited bandwidth from edge devices to edge servers. Thus, allocating the bandwidth efficiently and fairly to support simultaneous FL processes becomes crucial. We propose a game-theoretic approach to model the bandwidth allocation problem and develop distributed and centralized heuristic schemes to find an approximate Nash equilibrium of the game. Through rigorous analysis and experimentation, we demonstrate that our schemes efficiently and fairly assign the bandwidth to the FL processes and outperform a baseline scheme where each edge server assigns bandwidth proportionally to the FL servers’ requests that it receives. The proposed distributed and centralized schemes have similar performance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Environmentally Sustainable Tourism Problem and Prospects in Bangladesh: A Study on Coastal Region at Cox’s Bazar
Full text linkCoastal region in Bangladesh is always includes floodplains mangroves marshes and fringing coral reefs. Tourism is considered as the world’s largest and rapid growing industry of modern business world. But tourism industry is directly related to the environment. The quality of the environment, both natural and man-made is essential to tourism. The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy environmental resources like loss of marine resources due to destruction of coral reefs overfishing pollution of marine and freshwater resources soil degradation and loss of land resources, air pollution, natural hazards and sea level rise and climate change. Environmental Education must be nurtured from root level to the last day of life to provide the best fruit of sustainable development. This study focuses on the guidelines of the way and contents of different level of environmental Education. Environmentally educated society can carry out the sustainable tourism development of coastal Bangladesh. Keywords: Sustainable Tourism Development, Sustainable Coastal Zone, Eco-tourism, Coastal Tourism., Environmental Impacts
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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