214,066 research outputs found
Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall over the south-west coast of Bangladesh
No full textThis study examined the spatial and temporal rainfall variability from the 1940s to 2007 in the south west coastal region of Bangladesh. Time series statistical tests were applied to examine the spatial and temporal trends in three time segments (1948–1970, 1971–1990 and 1991–2007) and four seasons (Pre-monsoon; Monsoon; Post-Monsoon and Winter), during the period 1948–2007. Eight weather stations were divided into two zones: exposed (exposed to sea) and interior (distant to sea). Overall, rainfall increased during the period 1948–2007, while the trends intensified during post-1990s. Post-monsoon and winter rainfall was observed to follow significant positive trends at most weather stations during the time period 1948–2007. The rate of change was found in exposed zone and interior zone are +12.51 and +4.86 mm/year, respectively, over post monsoon and +0.9 and +1.86 mm/year, respectively, over winter. These trends intensified both in the exposed zone (+45.81 mm/year) and the interior zone (+27.09 mm/year) 1990 onwards. Winter rainfall does not exhibit significant change (p > 0.1) over the exterior or interior zone, though individual stations like Jessore, Satkhira and Bhola show significant negative trends after 1990s. Although the trends were observed to weaken in the monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons, they are not significant. Moreover, an 11-year cyclicity was found within these two seasons, whilst no cyclicity was observed in the post-monsoon and winter seasons. Sequential Mann Kendal test reveals that the changes in two zones rainfall trends are started around mid-80s, where step change found only for fours season in Khulna stations and also for winter seasons in all weather stations. These changes may have a detrimental effect on rain-fed agriculture in Bangladesh. The application of palaeo-environmental techniques, threshold determination and rainfall analysis across the whole country could be useful to support adaptation planning of the rain-fed agro-economy in Bangladesh
BENGALI AUTHORSHIP CLASSIFICATION CORPUS (BACC-18)
No full textIf you use the Dataset, please cite the following paper. @ARTICLE{9478882,
author={Hossain, Md. Rajib and Hoque, Mohammed Moshiul and Dewan, M. Ali Akber and Siddique, Nazmul and Islam, Md. Nazmul and Sarker, Iqbal H.},
journal={IEEE Access},
title={Authorship Classification in a Resource Constraint Language Using Convolutional Neural Networks},
year={2021},
volume={9},
number={},
pages={100319-100338},
doi={10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3095967}
Prospects of casing while drilling and the factors to be considered during drilling operations in Arabian region
No full text©2003 – 2008 Society of Petroleum EngineersM. M. Hossain and M. M. Amr
Awareness and understanding of dementia in South Asians: A synthesis of qualitative evidence
No full textHossain, M., Crossland, J., Stores, R., Dewey, A., & Hakak, Y. (2020). Awareness and understanding of dementia in South Asians: A synthesis of qualitative evidence. Dementia, 19(5), 1441–1473. Copyright © [2020] (The Author) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F147130121880064
Recent changes in ecosystem services and human well-being in the Bangladesh coastal zone
No full textThis study takes an historical approach in order to establish how the form and function of the social-ecological system that represents the Bangladesh south-western coastal zone has changed over recent decades. Time series data for a range of ecosystem services and drivers are analysed to define the range of trends, the presence of change points, slow and fast variables and the significant drivers of change. Since the 1980s, increasing gross domestic product and per capita income mirror rising levels of food and inland fish production. As a result, the size of population below the poverty line has reduced by ~17 %. In contrast, non-food ecosystem services such as water availability, water quality and land stability have deteriorated. Conversion of rice fields to shrimp farms is almost certainly a factor in increasing soil and surface water salinity. Most of the services experienced statistically significant change points between 1975 and 1980, and among the services, water availability, shrimp farming and maintenance of biodiversity appear to have passed tipping points. An environmental Kuznets curve analysis suggests that the point at which growing economic wealth feeds back into effective environmental protection has not yet been reached for water resources. Trends in indicators of ecosystem services and human well-being point to widespread non-stationary dynamics governed by slowly changing variables with an increased likelihood of systemic threshold changes/tipping points in the near future. The results will feed into simulation models and strategies that can define alternative and sustainable paths for land management
Maculabatis Haque & White & Cavanagh & Biswas & Hossain 2021
No full textGenus Maculabatis The new genus Maculabatis, as well as several new species, was recently assigned to a group of morphologically similar stingray species (Last et al. 2016c; Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last 2016). The recently described Maculabatis bineeshi was recorded in Bangladesh for the first time in this study (Figure 3), with a total of 21 specimens recorded, both morphologically (Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last 2016) and genetically. M. arabica (Figure 4) was genetically identified from one specimen and morphologically identified from another 18 specimens. In addition, seven specimens that were morphologically most consistent with M. macrura were examined. M. macrura has only recently been established as a valid species, and is morphologically very similar to M. gerrardi (Last et al. 2016a), with distinguishing characteristics poorly understood. Further genetic studies are therefore recommended to assign these specimens to the correct species.Published as part of Haque, Alifa Bintha, White, William T., Cavanagh, Rachel D., Biswas, Aparna Riti & Hossain, Nazia, 2021, New records of elasmobranchs in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh: further taxonomic research is essential, pp. 211-230 in Zootaxa 5027 (2) on page 217, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5027.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/544823
Nephtys bangladeshi Hossain & Hutchings, 2016, n. sp.
No full textNephtys bangladeshi n. sp. (Figs 2, 3, 4, 5; Table 1) Material examined. HOLOTYPE: AM W. 47794 (parapodia of chaetiger 3 removed and mounted for chaetal count), Bangladesh, Chairman Ghat, Noakhali, 22 ° 30 ' 48.3876 "N, 91 ° 5 ' 6.6078 "E, mid-intertidal zone from a tributary of Meghna Estuary, coll. Hossain, M.B, April 2015. PARATYPES: AM W. 47795 (19 mm in length for 42 chaetigers, 1 mm width, parapodia of chaetigers 20, 35 removed and mounted for chaetal count), AM W. 47796 (11 mm in length for 31 chaetiger, 0.8 mm width; parapodia of chaetigers 10, 25 removed and mounted for chaetal count), AM W. 47797 (1 mounted for SEM), AM W. 47798 (1 mounted for SEM), AM W. 47799 (1 mounted for SEM), AM W. 47800 (1 mounted for SEM), all from same location as holotype. FIGURE 3. Nephtys bangladeshi n. sp. Line drawings under compound microscope: A. 10 th chaetiger, B. 20 th chaetiger, C. 25 th chaetiger, D. 32 th chaetiger. All scale bars 0.1 mm. ac = aciculum, b = branchia, dc = dorsal cirrus, nl = notopodial lobe, nel = neuropodial lobe, vc = ventral cirrus. Diagnosis. Pharynx with 9 pairs of bifid terminal and 14 rows of subterminal papillae; each subterminal row with 5–7 papillae, mid-ventral simple terminal papilla and long mid-dorsal subterminal papilla present; verrucae absent; branchiae from chaetiger 7 to 27 occupying 3 / 4 of interramal space, completely absent posteriorly; distinct barred and capillary chaetae with spines present, lyrate chaetae absent. Description. Holotype entire, body dorso-ventrally flattened, tapering posteriorly, pharynx not everted. Length 25 mm for 60 chaetigers, maximum width at 12 th chaetiger 1.2 mm, excluding chaetae. Paratypes (incomplete) material ranges from 11–19 mm length, 0.8–1 mm wide for 31–42 chaetigers. Preserved body without pigmentation. Prostomium approximately square when pharynx not everted (Fig. 2 A). Terminal antennae and palps of almost similar length present, palps ventral to the antennae (Figs. 2 A & 4 D). Nuchal organs not visible. Eyespots visible at level of chaetiger 2 but subdermal (Fig. 2 A). Pharynx not everted (examined by dissection of paratype material, AM W. 47795), with 9 pairs of bifid terminal, 14 rows of subterminal papillae, each row with 5–7 papillae; mid-ventral simple terminal papilla and long mid-dorsal subterminal papilla present, verrucae absent; 1 pair of jaws present. Parapodia biramous and well-developed (Fig. 3 A–D) with long chaetae which become progressively longer posteriorly (Fig. 4 D–F). First parapodia well demarcated, rudimentary and projecting anteriorly (Fig. 4 A); dorsal and ventral cirri short, slender and poorly developed. Dorsal cirri of subsequent parapodia very short, papillae-like and swollen basally (Fig. 4 B); Ventral cirri short and digitiform (Figs. 4 B & 5 C). Notopodia with conical and pointed acicular lobe (Figs. 3 B & 4 A). Aciculae large with pointed tips (Fig. 4 A). Preacicular and postacicular lamellae less prominent, foliose and shorter than acicular lobes (Fig. 4 B). FIGURE 4. Nephtys bangladeshi n. sp. SEM photographs: A. Dorsal view of anterior chaetigers; B. Lateral view of chaetiger 4-6; C. Lateral view of chaetiger 7–9; D. Lateral view of chaetiger 13; E. Lateral view of chaetiger 17–19; F. Posterior chaetigers. An = antenna, s 1 = 1 st Chaetiger, b = branchia, p = palp, dc = dorsal cirrus, vc = ventral cirrus, pc = pygidial cirri (one missing). Scale bars: A, B, C, E = 100 µm; D = 20 µm; F = 200 µm. (A, B, D from paratype AM W. 47797; C, E, from paratype AM W. 47798). Chaetae of two types: barred chaetae (Fig. 5 H) present in preacicular fascicle of anterior noto- and neuropodia; postacicular capillary chaetae with spines, spines visible only with SEM (Fig. 5 D–F) and sporadically scattered (in irregular rows) along the tip of capillaries but bases and margins of these capillary chaetae free of spines (Fig. 5 F). Short capillaries (basal margin smooth with only tip serrated) observed (Fig. 5 D & G; short capillaries may represent emergent tips of developing chaetae of other types, see Dnestrovskaya & Jirkov 2011, pp. 4). Lyrate chaetae absent. Chaetal counts along body given in Table 1. Chaetiger 3 Noto Pre-acicular 4 barred, 3 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Post-acicular 2 barred, 8 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Neuro Pre-acicular 2 barred, 3 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Post-acicular 3 barred, 2 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Chaetiger 10 Noto Pre-acicular 9 barred, 10 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Post-acicular 10 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Neuro Pre-acicular 3 barred, 8 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Post-acicular 2 barred, 12 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Chaetiger 20 Noto Pre-acicular 9 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Post-acicular 12 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Neuro Pre-acicular 12 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Post-acicular 16 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Chaetiger 25 Noto Pre-acicular 11 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Post-acicular 17 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Neuro Pre-acicular 10 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Post-acicular 15 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Chaetiger 35 Noto Pre-acicular 15 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Post-acicular 14 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Neuro Pre-acicular 14 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Post-acicular 16 broad-bladed smooth capillaries Branchiae digitiform, present from chaetigers 7–27, absent posteriorly; slightly curved inwardly (Figs. 2 C, 3 B & 4 D), increasing in size up to chaetigers 18–22 occupying ¾ of interramal space (Fig. 3 B), then decreasing in size subsequently, completely absent from chaetiger 27 onwards (Fig. 2 D & E). Interramal ciliated patches visible (Fig. 2 C) only after staining with methylene blue, present on branchial and post-branchial chaetigers. One pair of pygidial cirri present (Fig. 4 F). Variation. Paratypes range from 11–19 mm in length, and 0.8–1 mm in width for 31–42 chaetigers, eye spots not visible in some paratypes. Etymology. The new species N. bangladeshi n. sp. is Named after the country from which it was collected. Habitat. Intertidal coastal mudflats, depth 0.5 to 1.5 m. Type locality. Chairman Ghat, Noakhali, Bangladesh. Distribution. Known only from the type locality.Published as part of Hossain, M. Belal & Hutchings, Pat, 2016, Nephtys bangladeshi n. sp., a new species of Nephtyidae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from Bangladesh coastal waters, pp. 41-52 in Zootaxa 4079 (1) on pages 42-47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4079.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/27087
Introduction
No full textIn 2000, Honourable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, MP during the end of her first term (1996–2001), conceived a long-term development agenda for Bangladesh called “Vision 2021”.We organized an international conference on 14 April 2001 supported by the University of Hull, UK; Dhaka University, Bangladesh; and Griffith University, Australia, covering the most important development goals of “Vision 2021” with a view to recommend to the future Governments of Bangladesh a set of development targets for the nation achieved by 2021.Out of this conference proceedings, a volume was published in 2003 (Hossain et al.2003).The volume was reviewed in several outlets at home and abroad including the prestigious Journal of International Development based in the United Kingdom in 2005.The “Vision 2021” agenda among others addresses the following development issues: Is Bangladesh likely to be free from poverty by 2021, the nation's golden jubilee of independence? Is Bangladesh likely to become middle-level industrialized nation by 2021? What changes need to occur and what institutions need to be in place to achieve the goals of the “Vision 2021”? Time has arrived in 2018 to examine the reality of the “Vision 2021”.The present volume has examined the realities in a conference, once again, held in Dhaka entitled, “Pathways to a Sustainable Economy: Vision 2041 Agenda for Bangladesh” on 30 October 2018.Once again, Sheikh Hasina, during her third term as PM, put forward the “Vision 2041” with a view to investigate the overall economic development of the nation against the backdrop of achievements and realities of “Vision 2021” over the last two decades.This monograph is one of the three that has been designed out of the international conference held over three days in Dhaka in 2018.No Full Tex
Renewable energy: Addressing environmental issues in Bangladesh
No full textUndesirable synergies are being witnessed in Bangladesh between disrupted environmental norms, an increasing demand for energy and widening poverty. The country has experienced natural mishaps throughout its history, but not as frequently as they are happening currently. The trend of untimely appearance of floods, droughts and cyclones is now common and it affects harvests and normal living. Other environmental problems such as desertification, rapid loss of biodiversity, silting of rivers, rising temperature, salinisation, arsenical contamination of potable water and destabilisation of mangrove forests, all are emerging phenomena requiring mitigation measures. All these phenomena affect harvest and economic safety, they beget poverty which in turn predisposes the poor to have more children for security. This in tum puts pressures on the country's resource base in terms of exploitation beyond its natural regeneration capacity. In addition, traditional and modem systems of using primary energy source have also contributed to environmental degradation and climate change (Hossain, 200 1 :210).
The rising need for energy sources, coupled with population growth and economic development, continues to push the unsustainable exploitation of the country's limited natural resources. There is a need for a different approach to combat this trend and the paper argues for the endorsement of renewable energy as an optimal solution. In addition to the environmental benefits, these types of technologies offer the benefits of being relatively small-scale with the potential to be home based which fits well within the village culture of the country (Hossain and Marinova, 2003)
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