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Para una historiografía de la diferencia Entrevista al teórico y crítico sudamericano Horacio Torrent
Get PDF<div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>El texto presenta la entrevista realizada en Santiago de Chile el 14 de agosto 2014 al teórico y crítico argentino Horacio Torrent, a partir de una intensa vida académica y práctica docente durante más de dos décadas en la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Se presentan aquí sus principales reflexiones críticas en torno al estado de la arquitectura chilena contemporánea, al patrimonio arquitectónico moderno, a la labor del capítulo chileno del organismo Documentación y Conservación del Movi- miento Moderno (</span><span>D</span><span>o</span><span>c</span><span>o</span><span>M</span><span>o</span><span>M</span><span>o</span><span>). También se destaca su análisis sobre las revistas de arquitectura moderna para comprender los vínculos profesionales e intelectuales entre Sudamérica y el resto del mundo occidental, a fin de establecer la posibilidad de una interpretación no basada en comparaciones, sino que al contrario, lo fundada en lo que él mismo ha denominado como “historiografía de la diferencia”. </span></p></div></div></div></div></jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Between the musseque and the neighbourhood unit: Spotting "compagnons de route" architectures in Luanda (1961-1975)
Get PDFTaking full advantage of Nnamdi Elleh's proposal, by seeking to "keep the focus on the modern" (2014), this article explores how during the late colonial period in the city of Luanda, Angola, conditions arose to link the future of architectures with unequal roots. On the one hand, an architecture strongly qualified and praised by the historiography of modern architecture, which would result in the Prenda Neighbourhood Unit No. 1, and on the other hand, the musseque (Angolan slum) of the same name, which already occupied that territory in the suburbs of the colonial city. Placed in the core of the musseque, the Neighbourhood Unit (NU) was used strategically by the colonial state to control African population. Through the embodying of "brutalist imaginaries", it would be permanently linked to a new landscape, strongly supported by self-produced architecture.
As a case study, the Prenda musseque not only preceded the new NU, but coexisted with its realisation and appropriation, surviving to this day. It thus provides multiple lenses for analysing how architecture promoted by the "underprivileged classes" can today contribute to broadening the architectural lexicon of production catalogued as modern. Drawing on multiple skills, the knowledge of the musseque communities was neglected by the late-modern colonisers who
inhabited the new Prenda units. This article evokes the concept of "omnicompetence", explored by Glenn Adamson (2020) in the broader context of American crafts shaped by pre-colonial societies. Also in Luanda's musseques, a long formal and constructive genealogy has emerged as pluri-competences. Its long coexistence with modern culture during the colonial period and beyond was reinforced by its contemporary resilience reflected in the transfer of technical and formal knowledge creating a vernacular architecture with a strong modern tone. The article ends by highlighting how these architectures have mutually legitimised each other as "compagnons de route".info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Architecture for children: Colonial architects, climate design and enduring nursery buildings (1957-1964)
Get PDFThe architecture of school buildings in former colonial territories became archetypal in terms of climate response by architects who mastered the language and technological lexicon of the Modern Movement. These architectures have been identified as optimal responses to a discourse close to current theories of mitigating the Anthropocene, insofar as they were focused on sustainable design and reduced the use of climate control technologies (Quintã, 2019). After WWII, pivotal studies on designing with climate, by authors trained in former colonial geographies, such as the British architects Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry, encouraged school buildings to adapt and adjust to the various challenges of modern culture, including the climate and local resources (1956). This position was widely promoted in the early historiography of the Modern Movement, which centred on the Global South, and extended to the study of Portuguese colonialism (Tostões, Ferreira, 2014). Against this background, this paper examines two nursery schools built in Maputo (Mozambique) and Luanda (Angola) in the early 1960s by the architects Pancho Guedes and Simões de Carvalho. These projects conveyed international debates in broader meetings promoting modern culture, such as the UIA (Union Internationale des Architectes). In particular, the "Charter for School Buildings", resulting from the Rabat meeting in 1959, would directly impact the rejection of the monumental scale, the introduction of spatial flexibility, structured circulation, and outdoor spaces on a child's scale. The nursery in the Cazenga neighbourhood (Angola) and the Piramidal kindergarten (Mozambique) are now established as educational institutions adapted to contemporary societies, with little maintenance and occasional adjustments to new programmes, reinforcing a formal and technical performance open to post-colonial societies and challenging the framework of their original conception. As true “architectures for children”, these buildings continue contributing to early environmental education.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Architecture for children: Colonial architects, climate design and enduring nursery buildings (1957-1964)
No full textThe architecture of school buildings in former colonial territories became archetypal in terms of climate response by architects who mastered the language and technological lexicon of the Modern Movement. These architectures have been identified as optimal responses to a discourse close to current theories of mitigating the Anthropocene, insofar as they were focused on sustainable design and reduced the use of climate control technologies (Quintã, 2019). After WWII, pivotal studies on designing with climate, by authors trained in former colonial geographies, such as the British architects Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry, encouraged school buildings to adapt and adjust to the various challenges of modern culture, including the climate and local resources (1956). This position was widely promoted in the early historiography of the Modern Movement, which centred on the Global South, and extended to the study of Portuguese colonialism (Tostões, Ferreira, 2014). Against this background, this paper examines two nursery schools built in Maputo (Mozambique) and Luanda (Angola) in the early 1960s by the architects Pancho Guedes and Simões de Carvalho. These projects conveyed international debates in broader meetings promoting modern culture, such as the UIA (Union Internationale des Architectes). In particular, the "Charter for School Buildings", resulting from the Rabat meeting in 1959, would directly impact the rejection of the monumental scale, the introduction of spatial flexibility, structured circulation, and outdoor spaces on a child's scale. The nursery in the Cazenga neighbourhood (Angola) and the Piramidal kindergarten (Mozambique) are now established as educational institutions adapted to contemporary societies, with little maintenance and occasional adjustments to new programmes, reinforcing a formal and technical performance open to post-colonial societies and challenging the framework of their original conception. As true “architectures for children”, these buildings continue contributing to early environmental education.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Between the musseque and the neighbourhood unit: Spotting "compagnons de route" architectures in Luanda (1961-1975)
Get PDFTaking full advantage of Nnamdi Elleh's proposal, by seeking to "keep the focus on the modern" (2014), this article explores how during the late colonial period in the city of Luanda, Angola, conditions arose to link the future of architectures with unequal roots. On the one hand, an architecture strongly qualified and praised by the historiography of modern architecture, which would result in the Prenda Neighbourhood Unit No. 1, and on the other hand, the musseque (Angolan slum) of the same name, which already occupied that territory in the suburbs of the colonial city. Placed in the core of the musseque, the Neighbourhood Unit (NU) was used strategically by the colonial state to control African population. Through the embodying of "brutalist imaginaries", it would be permanently linked to a new landscape, strongly supported by self-produced architecture.
As a case study, the Prenda musseque not only preceded the new NU, but coexisted with its realisation and appropriation, surviving to this day. It thus provides multiple lenses for analysing how architecture promoted by the "underprivileged classes" can today contribute to broadening the architectural lexicon of production catalogued as modern. Drawing on multiple skills, the knowledge of the musseque communities was neglected by the late-modern colonisers who
inhabited the new Prenda units. This article evokes the concept of "omnicompetence", explored by Glenn Adamson (2020) in the broader context of American crafts shaped by pre-colonial societies. Also in Luanda's musseques, a long formal and constructive genealogy has emerged as pluri-competences. Its long coexistence with modern culture during the colonial period and beyond was reinforced by its contemporary resilience reflected in the transfer of technical and formal knowledge creating a vernacular architecture with a strong modern tone. The article ends by highlighting how these architectures have mutually legitimised each other as "compagnons de route".info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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