172,322 research outputs found
Implementation of viscoelastic Hopkinson bars
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 107-112).The properties of soft, viscoelastic materials at high strain rates are important in furthering our understanding of their role during blast or impact events. Testing these soft or low impedance materials using metallic bars in a split Hopkinson pressure bar setup, poor signal to noise ratios and impedance mismatching occur. One solution is to use polymeric Hopkinson bars. In this dissertation, Polycarbonate, Polymethyl Methacrylate and Nylon are considered for use as Hopkinson bars. Conventional Hopkinson bar analysis cannot be used on the polymeric bars due to the viscoelastic nature of the bar material. As stress waves propagate along the length of the bars, viscoelastic effects result in dispersion and attenuation. The main topic of this dissertation is to account for this viscoelastic material effect
Macmillan Research Unit Showcase: Helping people to live with cancer through treatment and beyond
No full textAims and objectives:
To provide an overview of ongoing research activity in the Macmillan Research Unit at the School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Southampton.Brief outline of the showcase:
The purpose of this showcase is to overview the ongoing activity in the Macmillan Research Unit [MRU]. The MRU sits within the Cancer Palliative and End of Life Care Research Group. The overall aim of the Unit is to develop a programme of research into issues of concern to people affected by cancer from the point of diagnosis, through treatment and beyond. We will present examples of ongoing work.
The Macmillan Listening Study: Listening to the views of people affected by cancer about cancer researchDavid Wright is leading this innovative study. By participating in this study cancer patients and carers have an opportunity to voice their own views about cancer research. The two aims of the study are:
• To explore the views people affected by cancer have about cancer research
• To identify the research priorities of people affected by cancer
Using focus groups, some 200 patients across the UK are participating in a study that is co-led by people affected by cancer and designed to elicit the priorities for research that people affected by cancer believe to be important. Patients from marginalised groups are being targeted to participate in a second phase of focus groups and include: patients from minority ethnic groups, older people, teenagers, people with advanced disease, and patients with cancer sites often excluded from studies.
Macmillan study of weight loss and eating difficulties in people with advanced cancer Jane Hopkinson is developing this important work. A systematic literature review (Phase I) and an exploratory study (Phase II) have revealed that weight loss and eating difficulties are experienced as troublesome by the majority of people with advanced cancer. However, little is known about how people can best be helped to live with these symptoms. Indeed, it is widely assumed that nothing can be done, as to date pharmacological and nutritional interventions have been found to be of limited value in arresting or reversing the symptoms. Yet the Phase II exploratory work found reasons for distress in consequence of weight loss and eating difficulties that may be amenable to intervention. The next stage of this work is to assess the value of a new approach, to include the support of self-action, in response to the very difficult problems of weight loss and eating difficulties in people with advanced cancer.
Supporting self management amongst adults with cancer
Using systematic review techniques a small body of work has been identified relating to supporting self management amongst cancer patients. None of the studies reviewed have directly addressed supporting self-management and related studies are of poor quality. There is a clear need for work to be developed in this area. Claire Foster is developing a multi-method study to explore the potential for developing strategies to support people living with the symptoms and other health changes experienced following a diagnosis of cancer. This study will explore the ‘self-action’ taken in response to symptoms and health changes that follow from the point of a cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this exploration would be to develop an understanding of what might help people affected by cancer to sustain or enhance their personal management of the challenges faced when living with cancer
Good death? An exploration of newly qualified nurses’ understanding of good death
No full textThe dominant professional understanding of good death is death where symptoms are controlled, the inevitability of death has been accepted and preparations have been made leading to peace for all involved. It seems surprising, in a pluralistic society, that there might be such a clear common understanding of good death. This study looks at the understandings of good death voiced by 28 staff nurses who were interviewed about their experiences of caring for dying people in hospital. The findings suggest that a nurse’s understanding of good death had elements that were shared with her colleagues, but also that there was a personal understandings of a good death. The concept of good death is perhaps a reduction that leads to an incorrect assumption of a shared understanding of the acceptable way to care for a dying person. The concept of ‘personally ideal death’ is proposed as a refinement of good death that recognises that the beliefs and values of each individual influences what they understand to be acceptable death
单脉冲加载的Hopkinson扭杆装置
No full text分析了反复加载现象及其对变形微结构的影响,介绍了对现有标准Hopkinson扭杆的改进。改进后的新型Hopkinson扭杆是具有特殊设计的加载头和传动器的四杆系统。它完全消除了应力波的反复加载效应。实现了过程的单脉冲加载。改进前后的实验波形和变形局部化微结构形态的比较证实了改进的有效性
Tips on eating for patients with advanced cancer: findings from an exploratory study
No full textBackground: Internationally there is interest in supporting self-management, as a way ofhelping people to live with illness. One way of supporting self-management is to offerinformation that can widen choices available to patients. Yet little research based evidence isavailable to underpin information made available to people with advanced cancer who areexperiencing eating difficulties.Method: The primary research was an in-depth multi-method exploration of weight loss andeating difficulties in people with advanced cancer. The patient participants were receivingpalliative home care in the South of England in 2003. Methods of data collection includedsemi-structured interviews with 30 purposively selected patients. A topic explored was changein food preferences and what patients found helpful when living with these changes. Asecondary content and thematic analysis was conducted on this data about food intake.Findings: The 30 patients described many changes in their food intake as problematic.Difficulties arose in consequence of change in, ‘the desire to eat’, ‘taste’, ‘texture’ and ‘smell’.Collectively the patients were able to suggest different ways of adapting to and living withaltered preferences for food. This paper will present these as ‘tips on eating for patients withadvanced cancer’.Conclusions: The research has collated patient experiences to develop the first package oftips on eating for people with advanced cancer. Further research is needed to find out if thisinformation, when offered as support to patients, helps them to self-manage any eatingdifficulties they experience
The hydrothermal plumbing of a serpentinite-hosted detachment: evidence from the West Iberia non-volcanic rifted continental margin
No full textThis study documents the critical role of structurally-induced fluid flow during the evolution of the footwall succession to a major low-angle normal (detachment) fault, drilled by the Ocean Drilling Program leg 173, Site 1068 beneath the Southern Iberia Abyssal Plain. The fault zone comprises (carbonate-altered, rodingitized, and albitized) metabasite-rich sedimentary breccias and serpentinized mantle peridotites. The brittle infrastructure of the detachment consists of mineralized high dilation breccias, and meshes of mineralized extensional and shear veins, that root into
chlorite and serpentine cataclasite, and gouge. The fault rocks are underlain by cohesive serpentinite that shows kernel textures, indicative of volume expansion accompanying serpentinization of peridotite. The texture is disrupted and offset by small-scale fractures and faults. The distribution of serpentine polytypes, carbonates, Fe^Ni alloys, sulfides, oxides, and other silicate phases, varies across the fault zone in patterns consistent with mineralization, and replacement, from solutions derived from two end member components: seawater, and CH4-bearing calciumhydroxide
enriched hydrothermal solutions. The latter form when heated seawater reacts with peridotite to form serpentinite at low water to rock ratios. Serpentine mineral chemistries indicate that fracture-controlled serpentinite recrystallization and replacement occurred at various fO2, aSiO2 and Ca2þ conditions. In places this also involved mild prograde thermal events. The serpentinite also hosts tochilinite-valleriite group minerals and aragonite, both are interpreted as indicators of sea water incursions into the upper reaches of the detachment. To account for the evidence of coeval hydrothermal mineralization and displacements across the detachment we relate hydrothermal discharge to the buffering of high pore fluid pressures by fault slip. Localized sources of high fluid pressures at depth are attributed to serpentinization of peridotite around the fault that promotes changes to solution mass density, exothermic reactions and swelling pressures. Sealing of the fault between the serpentinization front and the top of the detachment results from hydrothermal mineralization, alteration, and serpentine gouges. Hydrothermal discharges from the detachment accompanying shear failure allow for variable mixing between the hydrothermal solutions and seawater, and post-slip convective draw down of seawater into the detachment. It is suggested that the latter may have been limited in duration by ongoing mineralization leading to the restoration of the fault seal. Concomitant serpentinization around the detachment at depth provides scope for cyclic hydrothermal discharges and fault slip
Longer term issues in transport: the proceedings of a research conference sponsored by the Department of Transport
No full textThis publication comprises a collection of papers presented to a conference organized by the Department of Transport in 1990, covering the developments likely to influence the pattern of transport over the next decade and beyond. They do not consider policy remedies as such but look at the data and techniques to cope with future uncertainties including the interaction between different modes, land-use transport interaction, techniques of evaluation and modelling, appraisal of environmental effects and developments in passenger and freight transport. It is hoped that the papers will stimulate research in the department and other organization
OBTENCIÓN DE CURVAS Ɛ-T DE ALUMINIO PLEGADO MEDIANTE UN SISTEMA BARRA DE HOPKINSON (OBTAINING CURVES Ɛ-T OF FOLDED ALUMINUM BY MEANS OF A HOPKINSON BAR SYSTEM)
No full textUn Sistema Barra de Hopkinson fue utilizado para medir altas tazas de deformación a compresión de aluminio plegado. Para ello se seleccionó un material adecuado para las barras del Sistema de Hopkinson que fuera cercano a la impedancia del material a estudiar. Se realizó la instrumentación de la barra mediante galgas extensométricas con un arreglo de puente completo de Wheatstone y un adquisidor de datos. Las gráficas obtenidas de deformación (Ɛ) en función del tiempo (t) muestran un comportamiento típico de materiales de baja impedancia, tal como es reportado en la literatura. La configuración lograda para el Sistema Barra de Hopkinson permitirá obtener la respuesta dinámica de deformación de materiales suaves o de baja impedancia, así como caracterizar las propiedades mecánicas de los mismos.Palabra(s) Clave: Aluminio plegado, Barra de Hopkinson, Materiales suaves. AbstractA Hopkinson Bar System was used to measure high rates of compression deformation of folded aluminum. For this, a suitable material was selected for the bars of the Hopkinson System that was close to the impedance of the material to be studied. The instrumentation of the bar was performed by strain gauges with a complete Wheatstone bridge arrangement and a data acquisition. The graphs obtained from deformation (Ɛ) as a function of time (t) show a typical behavior of low impedance materials, as reported in the literature. The configuration achieved for the Hopkinson Bar System will allow to obtain the dynamic deformation response of soft or low impedance materials, as well as to characterize the mechanical properties of them.Keywords: Folded aluminum, Hopkinson Bar, Soft materials
Management of weight loss and anorexia
No full textInvoluntary weight loss and anorexia are symptoms of cancer
cachexia syndrome (CCS). The syndrome causes at least 20%
of deaths in people with cancer [1]. Furthermore, weight loss
and malnutrition are associated with poorer treatment
tolerance and outcomes [2], and poorer quality of life [3].
The challenge for clinicians is to know how best to manage
the symptoms of weight loss and anorexia for optimal patient
outcomes.
The aim of this article is to examine critically the
management of weight loss and anorexia in people with
CCS. It will draw on evidence collated from the Macmillan
Weight and Eating Studies, to justify a new approach that
complements current pharmacological and nutritional
management. Implications for clinical practice are discussed
Patient's perceptions of hospice day care: a phenomenological study
No full textThis study explored the perceptions of 12 patients attending a day care unit in June/July 1996, with the purpose of finding out what was important to these people about their day care experiences. It used a phenomenological methodology derived from Paterson and Zderad’s Humanistic Nursing Theory.
The patients described numerous aspects of the day care service that were important to them. All 12 people interviewed considered the service satisfactory, and a number considered it to be more than anyone could or should expect. Day care was found to help them feel comfortable, to feel of value and to feel less isolated.
In addition, the participants were found to be living with cancer in two different ways. All 12 knew they had cancer and might be terminally ill. Yet some seemed to "tolerate" their life with cancer, whereas others saw it as requiring "adaptation". The day care service was supporting both these styles of managing life with cancer.
The interpretation of the findings suggests that the reason patients expressed such satisfaction with the service offered was because the care was humanistic. It responded to individual opinions, feelings and understandings of health and well-being, by giving people time and responding to their individual concerns. In this way, it was flexible enough to support people in managing their illness using their own preferred style
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