1,720,991 research outputs found
Operant modification of electrodermal responses : an analysis of individual behaviour
No full textThis thesis examined the claim that electrodermal responses (EDRs), which are controlled by the autonomic nervous system, could be conditioned as operants. The research employed single-subject design (SSD) methodology with systematic replication procedures to investigate these effects at the level of the individual. No evidence was found of direct operant conditioning of EDRs, and it is suggested that previous research findings may have also been contaminated by undetected mediation.After describing the historical antecedents of autonomic modification (biofeedback), the reasons for investigating operant conditioning of EDRs were outlined. An overview of this research confirmed that the majority of researchers claimed to have obtained conditioning effects with EDRs. However, a critical reappraisal of this literature, using a framework derived from conventional operant research, failed to find substantive evidence that EDRs can be modified directly by the provision of consequences.Two group design experiments yielded results which were comparable to those obtained in the research literature, but demonstrated the limitations of this approach. An initial set of ten SSD experiments produced only one participant exhibiting changes in EDR rate consistent with an operant conditioning interpretation. More sophisticated SSD experiments were designed to investigate the influence of other independent variables (e.g., feedback) and resulted in all participants achieving large scale changes in EDR rate. However, by independently manipulating reinforcement contingencies and instructions and by demonstrating that response rates always conformed with instructions, it was shown that these changes were the product of covert mediating behaviours. This result was confirmed by three further SSD experiments using techniques of systematic replication. A final set of three SSD experiments showed that changes in EDR rate did not occur in the absence of an initial reinforcement contingency.These results suggest that changes in EDR rate only reflect changes in rate of covert precurrent operant behaviours that are rule-governed rather than contingency-shaped. They are discussed from two perspectives. First, their contribution to contemporary understanding of determinants of human operant behaviour in terms of rule-governed behaviour is considered. Second, their implications for biofeedback research and practice are reviewed, paying particular attention to the influence and mediating behaviours and the status of the autonomic response in these procedures.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
