1,720,969 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Tracheal intubation without muscle relaxants : A randomized study of remifentanil or alfentanil in combination with thiopental
No full textBackground and Objective: The combination of alfentanil-propofol or remifentanil-propofol provides adequate conditions for tracheal intubation without neuromuscular blocking drugs in most patients, but hypo-tension can occur during induction of anesthesia with propofol. We compared clinically acceptable intubating conditions and cardiovascular responses to induction and endotracheal intubation in patients receiving either alfentanil 40 mg/kg or remifentanil 2, 3 or 4 mg/kg, followed by thiopental 5 mg/kg. Patients and Methods: In a randomized trial, 80 patients were assigned in equal numbers to one of four groups: remifentanil 2, 3, or 4 pg/kg (groups R2, R3, R4, respectively) or alfentanil 40 mg/kg (group A40). In each group, the injection was given over 90 seconds followed by thiopental 5 mg/kg. Ninety seconds after the administration of thiopental, laryngoscopy and intubation were attempted. Intubating conditions were assessed as excellent, satisfactory, fair, or unsatisfactory. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate changes accompanying the four induction techniques were also recorded. Results: Overall conditions at intubation were significantly better (P< .05), and the frequency of excellent conditions was significantly higher (P< .05) in the R4 or A40 group compared with the R2 or R3 group. Intubating conditions were not significantly different between group R4 and A40 (P>.05). The highest dose of remifentanil (4µg/kg) resulted in an 18.7% decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) after induction of anesthesia compared with a 16.4% decrease in MAP with alfentanil 40 µg/kg (difference not statistically significant). Conclusion: The administration of remifentanil 4 µg/kg or alfentanil 40 µg/kg before thiopental 5 mg/kg provided good to excellent conditions for endotracheal intubation with acceptable hemodynamic changes
Beclomethasone inhaler versus intravenous lidocaine in the prevention of postoperative airway and throat complaints : A randomized, controlled trial
No full textBackground and Objective: Previous reports indicate that inhaled corticosteroids attenuate airway in-flammation. Beclomethasone inhaler was highly effective in the prevention of postoperative airway symptoms. Intravenous lidocaine prior to endotracheal intubation has also been shown to decrease the incidence of postop-erative sore throat and cough. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of beclomethasone inhaler with various clinically used dosages of intravenous lidocaine prior to endotracheal intubation on the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat, cough, sputum, hoarseness, and dysphagia. Patients and Methods: One hundred twenty patients undergoing elective operations were assigned to one of four treatments: intravenous lidocaine 1 mg/kg (Group L1, n=30), intravenous lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg (Group L2, n=30), beclomethasone inhaler 50 pg (Group B, n=30) or intravenous normal saline (Group C, n=30). The incidence and severity of sore throat, cough, sputum, hoarseness, and dysphagia were compared between the beclomethasone inhaler and intravenous lidocaine groups before they left the operating room, 1 hour later, at time of the first postoperative drink or meal (for assessment of dysphagia), and on the morning after surgery. Results : In the evaluation of postoperative symptoms, the incidence and severity of sore throat were signifi-cantly lower in Group L2 and B than Group C (P< .05) at all time intervals. One and 20 hours after emergence from anesthesia, the incidence and severity of cough were significantly lower in Group L2 and B than Group C (P< .05). The incidence and severity of sore throat or cough was not significantly different between Groups L2 and B. Throughout the study, the incidence and severity of sputum were significantly lower in Group B than group C (P< .05). Conclusion: Beclomethasone inhaler is comparable with intravenous lidocaine prior to intubation in de--creasing postoperative sore throat and cough. In addition, beclomethasone inhaler decreases the incidence and severity of postoperative sputum
Prediction of arterial blood gas values from arterialized earlobe blood gas values in patients treated with mechanical ventilation
Get PDFBackground/Objective: Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is useful in
evaluation of the clinical condition of critically ill patients;
however, arterial puncture or insertion of an arterial catheter may
sometimes be difficult and cause many complications. Arterialized ear
lobe blood samples have been described as adequate to gauge gas
exchange in acute and chronically ill pediatric patients. Purpose:
This study evaluates whether pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PO 2 ),
partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO 2 ), base excess (BE), and
bicarbonate (HCO 3 ) values of arterialized earlobe blood samples could
accurately predict their arterial blood gas analogs for adult patients
treated by mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU).
Setting: A prospective descriptive study Methods: Sixty-seven patients
who were admitted to ICU and treated with mechanical ventilation were
included in this study. Blood samples were drawn simultaneously from
the radial artery and arterialized earlobe of each patient. Results:
Regression equations and mean percentage-difference equations were
derived to predict arterial pH, PCO 2 , PO 2 , BE, and HCO 3 -values
from their earlobe analogs. pH, PCO 2 , BE, and HCO 3 all significantly
correlated in ABG and earlobe values. In spite of a highly significant
correlation, the limits of agreement between the two methods were wide
for PO 2 . Regression equations for prediction of pH, PCO 2 , BE, and
HCO3- values were: arterial pH (pHa) = 1.81+ 0.76 x earlobe pH (pHe) [r
= 0.791, P < 0.001]; PaCO 2 = 1.224+ 1.058 x earlobePCO 2 (PeCO 2 )
[r = 0.956, P < 0.001]; arterial BE (BEa) = 1.14+ 0.95 x earlobe BE
(BEe) [r= 0.894, P < 0.001], and arterial HCO 3 - (HCO 3 -a) = 1.41+
earlobe HCO 3 (HCO 3 -e) [r = 0.874, P < 0.001]. The predicted ABG
values from the mean percentage-difference equations were derived as
follows: pHa = pHe x 1.001; PaCO 2 = PeCO 2 x 0.33; BEa = BEe x 0.57;
and HCO 3 -a = HCO 3 -e x 1.06. Conclusions: Arterialized earlobe
blood gas can accurately predict the ABG values of pH, PCO 2 , BE, and
HCO 3 - for patients who do not require regular continuous blood
pressure measurements and close monitoring of arterial PO 2
measurements
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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