1,720,953 research outputs found
The role of NF-κB in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 in intestinal epithelial cells
No full textIn inflammatory bowel disease, cells that infiltrate the mucosa regulate intestinal epithelial cell function partly through release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, on normal mouse intestinal epithelial cells (Mode-K) in the absence or presence of IL-1. Western blotting assays and immunocytochemistry were used to identify the presence of IL-1 and IL-10 receptors on Mode-K cells; and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to study the activation of NF-κB transcription factor. Stimulation of Mode-K cells with IL-1 or IL-10 did not modify IL-1 and IL-10 receptor expression levels. IL-1 induced the synthesis of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) through the activation and translocation of p65 subunit of NF-κB. Inhibition of translocated p65 binding to DNA, inhibited COX-2 production and induced apoptosis. IL-10 inhibited IL-1-induced effects on IKB-α and IKB-β proteins through stabilizing these proteins; subsequently causing inhibition of NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and any subsequent induction of COX-2. These data support a role for IL-10 in the regulation of IEC function under inflammatory conditions and the involvement of COX-2 in inhibiting apoptosis in mouse intestinal epithelial cells. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Amir M, 2005, PHARMAZIE, V60, P563; APPLEBY SB, 1994, BIOCHEM J, V302, P723; AURON PE, 1984, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V81, P7907, DOI 10.1073-pnas.81.24.7907; Beg AA, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P782, DOI 10.1126-science.274.5288.782; CHARALAMBOUS MP, 2003, BR J CAN, V88, P1593; COLOTTA F, 1993, SCIENCE, V261, P472, DOI 10.1126-science.8332913; Denning TL, 2000, INT IMMUNOL, V12, P133, DOI 10.1093-intimm-12.2.133; de Plaen IG, 2002, IMMUNOLOGY, V106, P577, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2567.2002.01453.x; Dinarello CA, 1996, BLOOD, V87, P2095; Gentil B, 2003, MOL CELL BIOCHEM, V254, P203, DOI 10.1023-A:1027359832177; Homaidan FR, 1997, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V272, pG1338; Homaidan FR, 2002, MEDIAT INFLAMM, V11, P39, DOI 10.1080-09629350120117284; Homaidan FR, 1999, MEDIAT INFLAMM, V8, P189; Homaidan FR, 2001, INFLAMM RES, V50, P375, DOI 10.1007-PL00000259; HOMAIDAN FR, 1995, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V268, pG270; Homaidan FR, 2003, MEDIAT INFLAMM, V12, P277, DOI 10.1080-09629350310001619681; HOMAIDAN FR, 1995, MEDIAT INFLAMM, V4, P61, DOI 10.1155-S0962935195000111; HOWARD M, 1993, J EXP MED, V177, P1205, DOI 10.1084-jem.177.4.1205; Huang WC, 2003, J IMMUNOL, V170, P4767; Inan MS, 2000, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V279, pG1282; Kaltschmidt B, 2002, BMC MOL BIOL, V3, DOI 10.1186-1471-2199-3-16; Karin M, 1999, ONCOGENE, V18, P6867, DOI 10.1038-sj.onc.1203219; Kedinger M, 1998, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V859, P1, DOI 10.1111-j.1749-6632.1998.tb11107.x; Kelly A, 2001, J BIOL CHEM, V276, P45564, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M108757200; Kim SH, 2004, CANCER LETT, V203, P191, DOI 10.1016-j.canlet.2003.08.037; Lawrence T, 2001, NAT MED, V7, P1291, DOI 10.1038-nm1201-1291; Ledeboer A, 2002, AM J PHYSIOL-REG I, V282, pR1762, DOI 10.1152-ajpregu.00766.2001; Liu WV, 2003, CANCER RES, V63, P3632; Maaser C, 2001, CLIN EXP IMMUNOL, V124, P208, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2249.2001.01541.x; Madsen KL, 1996, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V111, P936, DOI 10.1016-S0016-5085(96)70061-6; Madsen KL, 1997, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V113, P151, DOI 10.1016-S0016-5085(97)70090-8; MAYER L, 1990, J CLIN INVEST, V86, P1255, DOI 10.1172-JCI114832; Panja A, 1998, J IMMUNOL, V161, P3675; Pousset F, 1999, GLIA, V26, P12, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1098-1136(199903)26:112::AID-GLIA23.0.CO;2-S; Rennick DM, 2000, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V278, pG829; Schottelius AJG, 1999, J BIOL CHEM, V274, P31868, DOI 10.1074-jbc.274.45.31868; SCHREIBER S, 1992, GASTROENTEROL CLIN N, V21, P451; Sugiki H, 2000, BRIT J DERMATOL, V143, P1154, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2133.2000.03882.x; Takai N, 2005, ONCOL REP, V14, P1287; TAZAWA R, 1994, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V203, P190, DOI 10.1006-bbrc.1994.2167; TSUJII M, 1995, CELL, V83, P493, DOI 10.1016-0092-8674(95)90127-2; WEBERNORDT RM, 1994, J IMMUNOL, V153, P3734; Wu M, 1996, EMBO J, V15, P4682; Yu LCH, 2000, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V915, P24718191
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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