1,720,975 research outputs found
Pathophysiology, clinical picture, and therapy for sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease
No full textParkinson's disease (PD) is associated with sleep disorders which are attributed mainly to dopamine deficiency, nocturnal akinesia, drug therapy,and cofactors such as age and depression. These disturbances affect the macro- and microstructure of both REM and non-REM sleep and motor, respiratory, and autonomic functions. Excessive daytime sleepiness and the interactions between sleep and daytime motor performance in PD are not yet completely understood. Correct diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders is essential due to the risk of harm to the patient and others and due to their effect on quality of life for all concerned. As sleep disorders in PD are extremely common (about 70%) and may have severe consequences, a systematic sleep history and specific therapy should be considered integral to treatment in every PD patient
Polysomnographic measures in Parkinson's disease: A comparison between patients with and without REM sleep disturbances
No full textStudy objective: To assess the frequency of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and compare polygraphic sleep measures in those with and without REM sleep disturbances. Design: Polysomnographic recordings of 2 consecutive nights were performed in 45 patients with PD (mean age 65 years, mean Hoehn and Yahr stage 2.2). Twenty patients were treated with dopaminergic drugs, 10 were drug-free for two weeks and 15 had never been treated with L-dopa or dopamine agonists. According to the polysomnographic findings, the patients were divided into those with and without REM sleep abnormalities. Abnormal REM sleep features were defined as REM sleep without atonia (RWA) and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Results: Eighteen (40%) of the PD patients showed either RWA (24%; 6 men, 5 women) or RED (16%; 6 men, 1 woman). Patients with REM sleep disturbances had a significantly longer duration of the disease (8.3 vs. 3.9 years), a more severe stage of the disease (2.6 vs. 2.0 Hoehn and Yahr stage) and were treated with a higher dosage of dopaminergic drugs (L-dopa, pergolide and bromocriptin). 67% of the patients with normal REM sleep were untreated at the time of the sleep study, but only 39% of those with REM sleep abnormalities. Sleep EEG measures (sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, sleep period time, relative amounts of sleep stages) for the second night showed no significant differences between both groups apart from a significantly lower sleep period time in PD patients with RWA/RBD. Conclusions: Abnormal REM sleep features are a frequent finding in patients with PD. The prevalence seems to increase with a longer disease duration. Therefore, a careful follow-up is necessary. A sleep architecture not different from PD patients without RWA/RBD suggests that the underlying abnormality is confined to REM sleep
Polysomnographic measures in Parkinson's disease: A comparison between patients with and without REM sleep disturbances
No full textStudy objective: To assess the frequency of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and compare polygraphic sleep measures in those with and without REM sleep disturbances. Design: Polysomnographic recordings of 2 consecutive nights were performed in 45 patients with PD (mean age 65 years, mean Hoehn and Yahr stage 2.2). Twenty patients were treated with dopaminergic drugs, 10 were drug-free for two weeks and 15 had never been treated with L-dopa or dopamine agonists. According to the polysomnographic findings, the patients were divided into those with and without REM sleep abnormalities. Abnormal REM sleep features were defined as REM sleep without atonia (RWA) and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Results: Eighteen (40%) of the PD patients showed either RWA (24%; 6 men, 5 women) or RED (16%; 6 men, 1 woman). Patients with REM sleep disturbances had a significantly longer duration of the disease (8.3 vs. 3.9 years), a more severe stage of the disease (2.6 vs. 2.0 Hoehn and Yahr stage) and were treated with a higher dosage of dopaminergic drugs (L-dopa, pergolide and bromocriptin). 67% of the patients with normal REM sleep were untreated at the time of the sleep study, but only 39% of those with REM sleep abnormalities. Sleep EEG measures (sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, sleep period time, relative amounts of sleep stages) for the second night showed no significant differences between both groups apart from a significantly lower sleep period time in PD patients with RWA/RBD. Conclusions: Abnormal REM sleep features are a frequent finding in patients with PD. The prevalence seems to increase with a longer disease duration. Therefore, a careful follow-up is necessary. A sleep architecture not different from PD patients without RWA/RBD suggests that the underlying abnormality is confined to REM sleep
The effect of cabergoline on sleep, periodic leg movements in sleep, and early morning motor function in patients with Parkinson's disease
No full textTo investigate the effect of the dopamine D2 and D1 receptor agonist cabergoline on sleep, periodic leg movements (PLMs) in sleep, and early morning motor performance in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). It was hypothesized that cabergoline had long-lasting beneficial effects on sleep and PLMs in sleep in patients with PD, after a single evening intake. A total of 15 patients with idiopathic PD underwent two nights of polysomnography and motor tests (UPDRS, tapping test) before and after 6 - 8 weeks of treatment with cabergoline ( dosage: 3 - 6 mg/day). Additionally, patients completed a subjective sleep visual analog scale ( VAS) before and during cabergoline treatment. Compared to baseline values, treatment with cabergoline did not change sleep efficiency or the amount of stage 1 and stage 2 sleep. The number of awakenings (22.4 +/- 10.1 vs 32.5 +/- 13.3, p<0.05) and stage shifts ( 119742 vs 148746, p<0.05) were increased during treatment with cabergoline, and PLMs in sleep were reduced ( PLM index 34.9 +/- 44.9 vs 6.7 +/- 4.2 per hour, p<0.05). Cabergoline significantly improved early morning motor function, and in spite of increased phase shifts and awakenings, patients felt significantly more refreshed in the morning during cabergoline therapy. Cabergoline slightly fragmented sleep, without altering its total amount. The functional significance of this finding is uncertain. The subjective quality of sleep improved, and periodic limb movements in sleep decreased
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT AUGMENTATION OF RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (RLS) AND DOSAGE OF ROTIGOTINE TRANSDERMAL SYSTEM: POST HOC ANALYSIS OF A 5-YEAR PROSPECTIVE, MULTINATIONAL, OPEN-LABEL STUDY
No full textRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT AUGMENTATION OF RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (RLS) AND DOSAGE OF ROTIGOTINE TRANSDERMAL SYSTEM: POST HOC ANALYSIS OF A 5-YEAR PROSPECTIVE, MULTINATIONAL, OPEN-LABEL STUDY
No full textAlterations in time estimation in multiple system atrophy
Get PDFPrecise spatiotemporal performance is required by many common tasks and represents a basic aspect of cognition. Time estimation in the second-to-minutes range – known as interval timing – involves the interaction of the basal ganglia and the prefrontal cortex via dopaminergic–glutamatergic pathways. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are characterized by basal ganglia dysfunction due to dopamine loss. Although interval timing in PD has been studied, little is known about temporal processing in MSA. In the present work, control, PD and MSA subjects (n = 8 for each group) were tested for interval timing in short (15 s) duration stimuli. MSA differed significantly from controls and PD patients in terms of decreased accuracy in the timing task. Differences between PD and MSA patients (as well as between MSA and controls) were lost after levodopa treatment. We show that time estimation for time bins between 5 and 20 s is affected in subjects with MSA, who had a significant tendency to underestimate time intervals as compared to controls or PD patients. Recordings of cognitive performance related to timing could be considered useful measurements of the progression of movement disorder-related pathologiesFil: Hogl, Birgit. Universidad de Innsbruck; AustriaFil: Agostino, Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; ArgentinaFil: Peralta, Maria Cecilia. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno”; ArgentinaFil: Gershanik, Oscar Samuel. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Golombek, Diego Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología. Laboratorio de Cronobiología; Argentin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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