147 research outputs found
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Plenary Speaker: Fish Passage in an Era of Broken Rivers: New Approaches a Reason for Hope?
No full textPresenting Author Bio: Dr. Zeb Hogan is an assistant research professor at the University of Nevada-Reno, the United Nations Convention on Migratory Species Councilor for Fish, and a National Geographic Society Fellow. Zeb also hosts the National Geographic Television series “Monster Fish”. Zeb received his Ph.D. in Ecology from the University of California, Davis in 2004. His research interests include freshwater fish ecology, fisheries management, and endangered species issues. Since 2006, Zeb has worked with the University of Nevada and the National Geographic Society to merge conservation science with education and action. Project outputs to date have included contributions to understanding the migratory patterns and population structures of focal fish species, designation of the Mekong giant catfish and other species as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, and awareness-raising through international and local media. Zeb’s recent articles include “Engaging Recreational Fishers in Management and Conservation: Global Case Studies”, “Endangered River Fish: Factors Hindering Conservation and Restoration”, and “Size-biased extinction risk of the world's freshwater and marine fishes”. Zeb’s research has also been featured in Science (2007), Bioscience (2005), and American Scientist (2004). A web series on Zeb’s research won the Science Journalism Award (online category) from the American Association of the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 2008.Abstract: Fish passage in an era of broken rivers: new approaches a reason for hope? In an era of decline of large-bodied, migratory fishes, river connectivity has been shown to be increasingly important for the conservation of native biodiversity. From North America to Asia, Europe to South America, issues with river connectivity influence – for better or worse - the life cycle, and population status, of migratory fishes. In the Mekong River Basin, the world’s largest fishes, including the Critically Endangered Mekong giant catfish Pangasianodon gigas and giant pangasius Pangasius sanitwongsei, face extinction because of mainstream dams on the lower Mekong. In China, populations of the Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis, and Chinese paddlefish, Psephurus gladius, have declined significantly since the construction of the Gezhouba and Three Gorges Dams. In North America, connectivity is increasingly recognized as a determining factor in the health of sturgeon and salmon populations in the Columbia and Fraser Rivers; similarly, American paddlefish, Polyodon spathula, and pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus, are impacted by dams and habitat fragmentation. The situation is similar in New Zealand, where a combination of factors – from dams to habitat degradation to overfishing – is resulting in unprecedented population decline of species like the longfin eel Anguilla dieffenbachii. Identifying novel fish passage solutions that maximize environmental benefit and minimize cost is the only way to provide for needs of a rapidly growing human population while also protecting imperiled aquatic fauna. Fish passage broadly interpreted includes a wide range of solutions to increase connectivity and restore fish migrations and populations. New methods of study, technologies, decisions about dam placement and dam removal all offer potential for restoring threatened fish. On a policy level, the Convention on Migratory Species provides a framework for management of transboundary migratory freshwater fish – a neglected biota in urgent need of study and protection
Transformations of respiratory epitelium in fibrous stage of acute respiratory distress-syndrome = Трансформация респираторного эпителия в фазу фиброза острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома
No full textNovikov Nikolay, Tumansky Valery, Fedotov Vasiliy. transformations of respiratory epitelium in fibrous stage of acute respiratory distress-syndrome = Трансформация респираторного эпителия в фазу фиброза острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома. Journal of Health Sciences. 2014;4(14):117-120. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X.
http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2014%3B4%2814%29%3A117-120
http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/article/view/2014%3B4%2814%29%3A117-120
https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/512256
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13322
http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13322
The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1107. (17.12.2013).
© The Author (s) 2014;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Radom University in Radom, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial
use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
Conflict of interest: None declared. Received: 15.11.2014. Revised 05.12.2014. Accepted: 10.12.2014.
transformations of respirAtory epitelium in fibrous stage of acute respiraTory distress-syndrome
Трансформация респираторного эпителия в фазу фиброза острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома
Nikolay Yu Novikov
Crimean State Medical University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
Valery Alexeevich Tumansky
Zaporozhye State Medical University, Ukraine
Vasiliy Vladimirovich Fedotov
Crimean State Medical University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
Corr. Author
Новиков Николай Юльевич
докт. мед. наук, доцент ГУ «КГМУ имени С.И.Георгиевского», РФ, г. Симферополь
Е-mail: [email protected]
Трансформация респираторного эпителия в фазу фиброза острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома
АННОТАЦИЯ
Цель. Определение признаков эпителиально-мезенхимальной трансформации (ЭМТ) для установления ее роли в развитии фиброза легких у пациентов с острым респираторным дистресс-синдромом. Метод. Иммуногистохимическое окрашивание гистологических срезов. Результат. В большинстве альвеолоцитов обнаруживается экспрессия маркеров эпителиального иммунофенотипа. Признаки мезенхимальной дифференцировки определяются в единичных альвеолоцитах. Вывод. ЭМТ не играет существенной роли в формировании фиброза респираторного отдела при ОРДС.
Ключевые слова: респираторный эпителий; легкие; дистресс-синдром.
transformations of respirAtory epitelium in fibrous stage of acute respiraTory distress-syndrome
ABSTRACT
The epithelial-mesenchimal transition of respiratory epithelium in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) was goal of investigation. Postmortem immunohistochemical stain of respiratory part histological sections was methods. Result: epithelial immunofenotype of epithelial cells was determinate in more cases. Conclusion. The epitelial-mesenchimal transition does not play main role to lungs fibrosis in ARDS.
Keywords: respiratory epitelium; lungs; distress-syndrome.Novikov Nikolay, Tumansky Valery, Fedotov Vasiliy. Transformations of respiratory epitelium in fibrous stage of acute respiratory distress-syndrome = Трансформация респираторного эпителия в фазу фиброза острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома. Journal of Health Sciences. 2014;4(14):117-120. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X.
http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2014%3B4%2814%29%3A117-120
http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/article/view/2014%3B4%2814%29%3A117-120
https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/512256
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13322
http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1332
Population dynamics of the two remaining native lake populations of threatened Lahontan cutthroat trout
No full textOnce widespread across lakes of the western Great Basin and the Sierra Nevada mountains of the United States, native self-sustaining populations of Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi) remain in two lake ecosystems: eutrophic desert terminal Summit Lake and mesotrophic montane Independence Lake. Maintenance of the life history and genetic diversity within the Summit Lake and Independence Lake populations has been identified as an important goal of Lahontan cutthroat management and restoration efforts. In addition, the Summit population is of significant cultural importance for the indigenous Summit Lake Paiute people. However, little research has been conducted on the population dynamics of lake-dwelling cutthroat trout, especially in desert terminal lakes. Thus, we performed population dynamics research on the Summit Lake and Independence Lake populations to provide direction for their sustainable management and for range wide conservation strategy. At Summit Lake, we quantified the population dynamics (e.g., number of spawning fishes during a 50 year record from 1968-2017, abundance, population growth rate) and performed a sensitivity analysis to identify the life history transitions with the most influence on the population growth rate. Abundance was estimated from a robust design mark-recapture effort. For the population growth rate and sensitivity analyses, we created a stage-classified (Lefkovitch) matrix population model with skipped spawning and parameterized it with data from the mark-recapture-detection of individuals in the lake and spawning tributary (Mahogany Creek), as well as data or results from an Independence Lake population viability analysis study. Adult abundance declined steadily (2096 to 661 individuals), and the growth rate indicated a declining population (0.52). The Nonspawning to Nonspawning and Spawning stages (0.53 and 0.11, respectively) had the most influence on the population growth rate. The growth rate was driven by low adult survival (0.51) and the high and low probabilities that a nonspawner would remain a nonspawner (0.82) or become spawner (0.18), respectively. These results contradict previous findings that identify juvenile life stages as the most sensitive parameters in cutthroat trout population studies. In addition, low fecundity (0.85) likely decreased recruitment. Then we compared the population dynamics of the Summit Lake and Independence Lake populations. Using the model described above for each population, we parameterized the models with data and parameters from their respective population studies and compared their population growth rates and sensitivity analyses. Both population growth rates indicated decline (0.94 and .52 < 1, respectively), and the populations shared the third most sensitive parameter - low repeat spawning rates (0.44 and 0.36, respectively). But the difference between the growth rates was large, the Independence Lake growth rate overlapped 1, and the top two sensitive parameters at Independence Lake were fry (0.03) and juvenile survival (0.25). Also, the much higher fecundity at Independence Lake (87) likely contributed to their higher growth rate via recruitment. At Summit Lake, sensitive adult parameters may be indicative of life history adaption to the desert habit, a plastic response to drought, or simply the norm for self-sustaining populations not impacted by invasive species or other adverse factors. Our findings suggest managers should focus their efforts on protecting juveniles in Independence Lake and adults and fecundity in Summit Lake, and to guard against assuming that intra-specific populations have the same population drivers, especially populations in disparate habitats
Energy Performance Optimisation of a Single Dwelling Archetype Targeted To Zeb in the Earthquake Zone
No full textA single dwelling archetype design subjected to be constructed in Gaziantep City to provide accommodation for the earthquake victims was researched in this paper. It is aimed to find out the optimum building orientation, window-to-wall ratio, and aspect ratio as design variables to achieve Zero Emission Building target. In this regard, the GenOpt Optimisation tool was coupled with the EnergyPlus simulation tool to run the simulations and optimise proposed design scenarios. A threshold value for primary energy use based on the EPBD recommendation document as a guide was improved to determine ZEB design scenarios. It is evident from the 56.43% primary energy use difference between the lowest and highest energy performance among design scenarios that optimum design variables are highly effective in terms of energy efficiency. Besides, 82 design scenarios achieving the ZEB threshold were elaborated from the design variables’ point of view that rectangular forms and low WWRs are optimal for the selected region. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024
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Elk and Cattle: A Conflict in Land Use?
No full textThis material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management, the National Agricultural Library, and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Rangelands archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform March 202
Latent heat storage for centralized heating system in a ZEB living laboratory: integration and design
No full textThe ZEB Lab project, coordinated by SINTEF and NTNU, aims at building a ZEB (Zero Emission Building) in Trondheim (Norway) in 2019, to be used both as office building and living laboratory. An innovative latent heat storage (LHS) unit using phase change material (PCM) will be integrated in the centralized heating system. The LHS unit will be able to store excess heat from various heat sources connected to the heating system, when they are not required for space heating. One challenge is to make use of the full potential of the PCM latent heat to have a compact and effective unit, while the unit itself should have a low associated CO2-footprint. The LHS system consists of two units designed for a total heat storage capacity of 0.6 MWh, corresponding to the heat needed on top of the heat pump to cover for up to 3 consecutive days in the coldest period of the year, with a maximum combined effect of 26 kW. A bio-based wax is used as PCM with melting temperature 37 °C and measured latent heat 198 kJ/kg. Dynamic system modelling is used to support the design of the LHS unit and ensure sufficiently high heat transfer rates.publishedVersionOpen Access. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI
Movement Patterns and Habitat Selection of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout in a Great Basin Stream
No full textUnderstanding the movement of organisms is critical for species conservation in the context of changing landscapes and climate. As climatic extremes impact the United States Great Basin, quantifying the movements of native fishes like Lahontan cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi ) will be vital in facilitating their persistence. These climatic extremes are projected to alter flow regimes thereby reducing hydrologic connectivity needed to maintain populations. By studying fish movement patterns during streamflow recession and baseflow conditions, we can identify factors responsible for movement and habitat selection to better manage these factors in a changing world. In this study, we tagged 57 Lahontan cutthroat trout from early summer to fall in 2021 and 2022 in the Summit Lake watershed (NV, USA). The location of each fish was associated with local hydraulic, physical habitat, invertebrate drift concentration, and water quality data to assess which factors impact habitat selection, abandonment, and overall movement. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess which factors were associated with trout movement and a two-sample permutation test was used to identify factors associated with habitat selection or abandonment. Stream-resident trout displayed little movement during streamflow recession and baseflow conditions with median daily movements of 0.3m/day and a median home range of 10.2m; these results suggest even less movement than those reported by previous studies. Abrupt declines in riffle crest thalweg depth were the primary factor driving increases in distance traveled, yet there were only four observed movements below RCT depths of 5cm and no observations below 4cm. The only factor that impacted trout habitat selection or abandonment was fork length and weight, with smaller individuals abandoning habitat more often than larger, dominant individuals. The findings from this study suggest that trout movement occurs when absolutely necessary such as escaping desiccating stream reaches or being displaced due to dominance hierarchies. We suggest that watershed managers implement low-flow hydrologic monitoring to identify vulnerable stream reaches with an emphasis on preserving streamflow connectivity for stream-rearing salmonids. Additionally, this emphasizes the importance of tracking movements for species of interest as a strategy to identify factors potentially reducing population fitness
Population Dynamics and Connectivity Patterns of Adfluvial and Stream-Resident Cutthroat Trout
No full textInformation about population dynamics, life history variation, and connectivity patterns of threatened cutthroat trout (O. clarkii spp.) is critical for effective management and restoration. The Lahontan cutthroat trout (O. c. henshawi; LCT) is classified as threatened under the Endangered Species Act due to widespread extirpations across its range, and is at increased risk due to drought, habitat fragmentation, and climate change. This study was conducted in the Summit Lake Basin, NV (USA), which has a population of LCT that resides in Summit Lake and its tributary stream network. The objectives of this research were to (1) examine the population dynamics of stream- and lake-dwelling LCT in the context of drought, (2) quantify the amount of stream-resident versus adfluvial life histories in an adfluvial spawning tributary, and (3) identify the level of population connectivity between stream-resident and adfluvial components of the population. Chapter 1 shows that stream-dwelling trout were more resilient to drought disturbance and that drought refugia in the stream contribute to their resilience. Chapter 2 provides evidence for stream-residency in addition to high population connectivity across the lake and stream environments that is likely to increase in high flow years. While LCT and other cutthroat species have innate characteristics that allow them to persist in dynamic and harsh environments, this research highlights the importance of drought refugia and landscape connectivity to the long-term persistence and viability of co-occurring adfluvial and stream-resident fish
The Dynamics of Mysis diluviana and Other Zooplankton in Three Oligotrophic Lakes
No full textMysids (Mysis diluviana) have been introduced to a number of temperate lakes to provide food to salmonids for recreational fishing. In many of these lakes, these mysids have changed the native zooplankton communities through predation. Mysids were introduced to Donner Lake, Fallen Leaf Lake, and Lake Tahoe in the mid-1960s and have changed the native zooplankton community of Lake Tahoe profoundly. We conducted mesocosm experiments to evaluate the effects of two native zooplankton taxa (Daphnia spp. and Epischura nevadensis) and juvenile and adult mysids on ecosystem function in Lake Tahoe and its more productive embayment, Emerald Bay. The results of these experiments indicate that these zooplankton play significantly different roles in the Emerald Bay ecosystem, but not in Lake Tahoe proper. This suggests that these zooplankton may play a larger role in shaping the ecosystem characteristics of the water column in Lake Tahoe if cultural eutrophication should eventually elevate Lake Tahoe’s trophic state to that of Emerald Bay’s. Additionally, we measured the environmental factors that influence mysid growth rates in Lake Tahoe. We found that adult growth rates significantly correlate with the depth of winter mixing, but juvenile growth rates significantly correlate with the mean summer. We also measured the pelagic reliance, trophic position, and carbon sources of mysids in Donner Lake, Fallen Leaf Lake, and Lake Tahoe and evaluated the role of wind-dispersed pollen in supporting mysid energetics. These analyses indicate that a variety of factors influence mysid production in these lakes, and the importance of the factors differs between the lakes
Effects of climate and water use on the ecology of mountain lakes and rivers in the Western United States
No full textClimate change and over-use of natural resources impacts ecosystems worldwide. Understanding physical impacts from climate and natural resource use on biological processes at multiple scales of spatial and ecological organization is needed to make useful predictions under global change scenarios. Mountain aquatic ecosystems are of particular concern because they are sensitive to climate change, represent hot spots of biodiversity, and they integrate atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic processes into biological responses. The objective of this dissertation is to quantify physical impacts and biological responses of climate and water use on mountain aquatic ecosystems in the Western United States. In Chapter 1, I developed a data set of ice break-up dates using remote sensing techniques for mountain lakes across the Sierra and Cascade Mountain Ranges coupled with downscaled climate data to quantify drivers of lake ice phenology. I developed a predictive linear mixed effects model and used and ensemble of 15 global climate models to project changes in lake ice break-up dates through the 21st century. The results suggest that low snowpack and increased energy fluxes associated with elevated air temperatures drive earlier ice break-up dates. Projections of ice break-up show that ice break-up will be 61 ± 5 days if greenhouse gas emissions are not reduced. In Chapter 2, I analyzed specific ecological responses to earlier ice break-up dates in Castle Lake, California (a natural, sub-alpine lake). I predicted that consumer (Brook Trout; Salvelinus fontinalis) energetics and habitat use would be regulated by either climate driven water temperature or variation in food availability. The data suggest that earlier ice break-up results in a longer duration of surface water temperatures > 15 °C, coupled with decreased and increased food production in the pelagic and littoral zones, respectively. Isotopic and telemetry data showed that consumer resources and habitat use were driven by water temperature and were independent of food availability. In early ice break-up years, consumers grew less because they were thermally excluded from productive littoral zones when water temperatures were warmer for longer periods of time relative to late ice break-up years. In Chapter 3, I demonstrate that decreased streamflow in mountain rivers can reduce abundance and size structure of food supply to drift foraging Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). In response to changes in streamflow and food availability, trout abandoned their energetically profitable drift foraging strategy and actively searched for prey. The shift in foraging behavior resulted in negative bioenergetic efficiencies in flow impaired sites. Taken collectively this research demonstrates that both predictable and unpredictable consequences of physical change drive biological responses across spatial gradients, ecosystem types, and levels of ecological organization
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