1,721,045 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
차량용 2차원 라이다를 이용한 정지 장애물 맵과 기하학적 모델 프리 접근 방식 기반 실시간 주행 환경 인식
Get PDF학위논문 (박사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 공과대학 기계항공공학부, 2021. 2. 이경수.This thesis proposes a real-time perception module using autonomous 2D-LiDAR and chassis sensors for urban autonomous driving. The proposed perception module divides the driving environment into static obstacles and moving obstacles, and depicts it as a static obstacle map (STOM) and tracks, respectively. The module is available any road without support from infrastructures such as V2X and HD map. Also, the module's processing time at a multi-purpose computer equipped autonomous vehicle is less than LiDAR's sensing period.
The proposed module consists of two parallel submodules. The first is the STOM construction part, which expresses static obstacles as a two-dimensional probability distribution using LiDAR, ego motion information, and tracks of the previous step. Since static obstacles are represented as a two-dimensional grid map without detection, it effectively describes various static barriers. Also, since moving obstacles are classified through interaction with the tracking module, it is more efficient than the existing iterative method.
The second sub-module is geometric model-free approach (GMFA), which uses the STOM of the previous step to classify moving parts, detects the moving obstacles by tracking, and estimates its state. After distance based clustering (DBC), tracks are created and tracked using adjacent clusters in a four-dimensional space consisting of shapes and positions in a consecutive scan. Since it uses set of points on a rigid body (SPRB), objects of various forms such as pedestrians, motorcycles, and trucks are effectively described without geometry model.
Two methods are used for estimating the dynamic state using the tracked results. The first method uses extended-Kalman filter (EKF). The displacement of the moving obstacle is extracted from matched clusters through point registration and used as a measurement of EKF to estimate the dynamic state. The method requires less computation and shows stable performance in sparse areas. However, EKF has a limit when the shape is changed dramatically, or the objects are dense. The second method uses particle filter (PF) to overcome the first method's drawback. The dynamic state is estimated using a point cloud directly. As a result, robust performance is achieved even with large shape changes or dense traffic.
The proposed perception module has been implemented in Labview /MATLAB and ROS/c++, and qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed through autonomous driving data from our autonomous vehicles. As a result of evaluating the detection performance using labeling data and the estimation performance using RT-range, the both performances are improved compared to the existing perception algorithm in urban environments.본 논문은 도심 자율주행을 위한 차량용 2차원 라이다와 샤시센서를 이용한 실시간 인식 모듈을 제안한다. 제안된 인식 모듈은 주행 환경을 정지 장애물과 이동 장애물로 구분하며, 이는 각각 정지 장애물 맵 (STOM) 과 트랙으로 표현한다. 본 모듈은 V2X나 HD map 과 같은 기반 시설의 정보를 활용하지 않기 때문에 어떤 도로에서나 활용 가능하다. 또한 이 모듈의 연산 시간은 자율주행 차량에 탑재된 다목적 컴퓨터에서 라이다의 측정 주기보다 짧기 때문에 실시간으로 활용이 가능하다.
제안된 모듈은 두 개의 병렬적 하위 모듈로 구성된다. 첫 번째는 정지 장애물 맵 구성 부분으로, 이 하위 모듈은 라이다와 자차량 정보, 이전 스텝의 트랙을 활용하여 정지 장애물을 2차원 확률 분포로 묘사한다. 정지 장애물을 각각에 대한 검출 없이 2차원 그리드 맵으로 표현하기 때문에, 정지 장애물 맵은 다양한 형상의 정지 장애물을 효과적으로 묘사한다. 움직이는 장애물을 추적 모듈과의 상호작용을 통해 구분하여 반복 연산을 통한 방식보다 효율적으로 동적 장애물이 있는 환경에서 정지 장애물 맵을 추정한다. 두 번째 하위 모듈은 형상 모델 프리 접근법 (GMFA)로, 이전 스탭의 정지 장애물 맵을 이용하여 이동 물체를 구분하고, 구분된 이동 물체를 추적을 통해 검출 및 그 상태를 추정한다. 거리 기반 클러스터링 후에 연속된 스캔에서 형상을 고려한 4차원 공간에서 인접한 두 클러스터를 이용해서 트랙을 생성한다. 형상 가정 없이 클러스터의 형상을 직접 활용하여 클러스터를 비교하기 때문에 오토바이, 버스, 보행자, 승용차 등의 다양한 도로 이용자를 하나의 모델로 효율적으로 추적한다.
추적된 트랙에서 진행 방향, 속도 등의 상태를 추정하기 위해서 두 가지 방법이 제안되었다. 첫 번째 방식은 확장 칼만 필터를 이용하였다. 이 방식은 추적된 클러스터와 매칭된 클러스터를 반복적 최근접 점쌍 방식으로 가장 유사해지는 강체 이동 모션을 추출하고, 이를 측정으로 하는 확장 칼만 필터를 통해서 이동 장애물의 동적 상태를 추정한다. 두 번째 방식은 파티클 필터를 이용해 점구름을 직접 측정값으로 활용하였고, 그 결과 물체가 밀집된 상황 또는 형상 변화가 큰 상황에서 더 나은 성능을 보인다.
제안된 인식 모듈은 Labview/MATLAB 과 ROS/c++ 환경에서 각각 구현되었다. 각 환경에서 실제 자율주행 차량을 이용하여 취득한 데이터를 이용하여 정량적 그리고 정성적으로 평가되었다. 검출 성능은 전방 카메라를 이용한 라벨링 데이터를 활용하여 평가되었으며, 추정 성능은 RT-range를 이용한 데이터를 통해서 평가했다. 같은 연산량의 이전 알고리즘과 비교하여 도심환경에서 두 성능 모두 향상되었다.Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background and Motivation 1
1.2 System Overview 5
1.3 Thesis Objectives and Contribution 9
1.4 Thesis Outline 11
Chapter 2. Related Work 13
2.1 Detect before Track 14
2.1.1 Feature-based Detection 14
2.1.2 Learning-based Detection 17
2.2 Track before Detect 19
2.2.1 Geometric Model based Tracking 20
2.2.2 Pointwise Tracking 21
Chapter 3. Static and Moving Obstacle Detection 25
3.1 Interaction between Static Obstacle Map and Geometric Model-Free Approach 26
3.2 Static Obstacle Map 34
3.2.1 Prediction of Static Obstacle Map 41
3.2.2 Update of Static Obstacle Map 46
3.3 Geometric Model-Free Approach 48
3.3.1 Track Initialization 53
3.3.2 Track Management 56
3.4 Ground Rejection 58
Chapter 4. Moving Obstacle States Estimation 64
4.1 Extended Kalman Filter 64
4.1.1 Prediction 65
4.1.2 Measurement Update 68
4.2 Particle Filter 70
4.2.1 Prediction 75
4.2.2 Measurement Update 78
Chapter 5. Performance Evaluation 82
5.1 Moving Obstacle Detection 85
5.2 Moving Obstacle State Estimation 96
5.3 Calculation Time 113
Chapter 6. Conclusion & Future Works 116
6.1 Conclusion 116
6.2 Future Works 117
Bibliography 119Docto
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