1,720,954 research outputs found
A tobacco rattle virus- induced gene silencing system for a soil-borne vascular pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum
No full textDeparture from the Emptiness of Individual — Ibsen’s Irony and An Enemy of the People
No full text本文意在論證，易卜生在《人民公敵》一劇中，發展出一種反諷的戲劇構成法(dramaturgy of irony)，藉此讓戲劇走出以「個人」為基礎所發展的戲劇模式。這種以理性的「個人」為基礎的戲劇，是理性意識型態從文藝復興逐漸興起後的產物。然而，當進一步檢視理性的意識型態，特別是笛卡耳對「我思」(cogito)的看法，則會發現這個意識型態所塑造的「個人」，存在上其實處於的真空。這個對理性化時代個人處境的反省，在十八世紀末時，即在早期德國浪漫主義者中如施烈格(F. Schlegel)的理論中出現，並發展出一種「整體論」(holism)取向的反諷，以消除笛卡耳理性中主、客體對立的模式。而桑第(P. Szondi)根據他對浪漫主義文學理論的回顧，發展出討論現代戲劇的架構，認為現代戲劇是從理性主體為基礎的戲劇模式(他稱為「戲劇」 “the Drama”)的出走。然而，由於未深入理解「反諷」與「整體論」的意涵，他對易卜生的解讀並不適當。本文將立足於對他的架構有所修正的基礎上，進一步以《人民公敵》為例，說明易卜生將「反諷」運用在戲劇中，使觀眾從「個人」的幻覺性中出走，並對整體的存在有所警敏。This paper will show that Ibsen develops a dramaturgy of irony in An Enemy of the People (1882) by which drama deviates from the individual-based model – a product of rational ideology arising from Renaissance. However, further examining this rational ideology, Descartes’s idea of cogito in particular, the existence of this individual shaped by rational ideology consists in the emptiness of being. In the late eighteenth century, this critical examination already appeared in the ideas of Friedrich Schlegel, a significant figure of the Early German Romanticism. He proposed a holistic conception of irony, which aims to substitute for the inherent opposition of Cartesian rationality between the subject and the object. On the other hand, based on his review of Romantic literature theory and Schlegel’s ideas, Peter Szondi develops his framework in which modern drama is regarded as the departure from the rational, individual-based dramatic model, which he calls the Drama. However, due to his insufficient understanding of holism in relation to irony, his analysis of Ibsen’s innovation in dramaturgy is inappropriate. I will modify Szondi’s framework and illustrate through my analysis of An Enemy of People that irony is employed by Ibsen in this play, invalidating the assumption of the rational individual as the basis of drama, and making it possible that the audience can restore their agile consciousness of their being in the world as a whole
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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