1,720,955 research outputs found
Environmental Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of High Cr and Ni Soils of Taiwan
No full text臺灣於民國71年發生桃園大潭村高銀化工之鎘米污染事件後，環保單位即開始以網格方式進行全國農地普查工作。民國99年起，環保署應用空間統計方式補強網格調查之不足。迄今共調查出污染農地約900公頃，其中鎳、鉻污染面積為118公頃。 臺灣之農地土壤污染無論是受人為排放工業廢水污染或是因區域地質條件自然背景因素所致，其檢測分析數據均顯示部分區域土壤中含有高濃度鉻及鎳重金屬。同樣是重金屬高濃度土壤，因重金屬來源及存在型態不同，對環境影響及生物危害亦有所差異。 為瞭解臺灣高濃度鉻、鎳農地土壤分佈區域環境特性與人體健康風險，並提出有效之行政管理策略，本研究彙整鉻、鎳之基本性質及臺灣高濃度鉻、鎳土壤分佈區域等文獻資料，分別探討不同之土壤環境特性，並以臺灣西部地區受鉻、鎳污染之土壤及臺灣花東地區蛇紋岩母質土壤為對象，進行系統性的研究及進一步分析探討。 計算高重金屬濃度土壤之健康風險評估方面，以王水消化濃度作為高重金屬濃度土壤健康風險評估之計算參數，其風險值會有高估之現象，因兩者所代表之實質環境特性並不相同、對人體健康乃至於對植物或環境生態所造成潛在性的危害風險亦應有相當程度之差異性。 本研究於計算健康風險評估時，採用土壤重金屬生物可及性濃度作為計算參數，以生物可及性試驗結果評估不同類型土壤風險危害程度之差異，避免評估結果與實際影響過大落差，依人體健康風險評估結果提出可行之管理策略。The environmental authorities of Taiwan began to investigate the soil quality of farmlands in the nation by using grid sampling design method after the event of rice contamination with cadmium in the Taoyuan County in 1982. To correct the inadequacy of the grid sampling design method, the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration start to using a special statistical sampling design method in 2010. Nine hundred hectares of contaminated farmlands have been discovered. Among them, 118 hectares of farmlands are contaminated with nickel and chromium. Some contaminated farmlands in Taiwan show high contents of chromium and nickel no matter the lands were polluted by receiving industrial wastewater or the elevated concentrations were caused by the processes of the nature. Depending on the origins and types of heavy metals, soils contaminated with heavy metals have different harmful effects on the environment and ecosystem. To make adequate institutional control strategies, it is necessary to realize the environmental characteristics and the risk of human health in the areas where the soils are with elevated chromium and nickel concentration. This study collects the literatures related to the abovementioned areas in Taiwan, and then conducts systematic analysis. The factors considered when conducting risk assessment in this study include the soil digestion methods and bioavailability
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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