1,721,027 research outputs found
A review and synthesis of current research in compassion, loss, and grief
No full textOindrila Dutta and Paul Patinadan share first authorship for this chapter Compassion is most salient within the health ecosystem of loss, grief, and palliation, being a core concept, a call-to-action, and a mandated moral attribute for care professionals. The value, and its constituent elements, however, continue to be nebulous in clinical and academic definition. This chapter discusses the findings of a rigorous scoping review of five major academic databases, investigating qualitative studies dating back four decades. Of the 678 studies identifies, 11 were extracted for analysis via thematic synthesis. Six themes were revealed: (a) Micro-compassionate action, (b) discernable humanity, (c) patient connectedness, (d) patient dissension, (e) institutional compassion facilitators, and (f) institutional compassion deterrents, which were consolidated into the Relational Model of Micro-Compassionate Agency. The model is discussed along with clinical implications for facilitating micro-compassionate behaviors; though the actions are simple, the value judgments and moral fortitude required to perform them instinctively and intrinsically require supportive training and sustained practice
Fabrication and Characterization of InAs Quantum-dot Photonic Crystal Microcavity Lasers
No full text我們在砷化鎵基板上製作二維空橋式結構六方排列光子晶體微共振腔。我們以密度為5x1010cm−2之單層砷化銦量子點作為主動層，經過平面波展開法的模擬設計，藉由電子束直寫微影技術製作出我們所要的共振腔圖形，然後經由乾式蝕刻與濕式蝕刻的步驟而把光子晶體微共振腔完成。
我們設計以線缺陷L3和六角缺陷H2,H3系列為主的共振腔，藉由理論分析與場型模擬對共振腔進行最佳化，以期製作出高品質係數，低臨界激發強度，低模態體積的微共振腔。
我們使用微光激發螢光系統在78K溫度量測，討論對於L3,H2,H3系列共振腔所做修改的結果。接著我們做變溫量測，在室溫300K仍然可以量測到共振腔之模態。量測臨界激發強度方面，在78K溫度下，最低量測到的臨界激發強度為21μW。且觀測到有雙能態發出雷射光的共振腔。受限於光子晶體散熱不佳的因素，目前雷射的運作最高溫度為90K溫度量測臨界激發強度，在此溫度的最低臨界激發強度為35μW。在量子點的研究方面，我們藉由模態頻寬與量子點的頻譜和量子點密度來估算對模態有貢獻的量子點數量，以促進對少數量子點的研究。擁有雷射發光的模態最少可到40顆量子點，H系列共振腔最少可到15顆量子點，而L3系列共振腔最少可到7顆量子點
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dissecting the Human MicroRNA Regulatory Networks via Phylogenetic Decomposition
No full text為有效描述分子生物系統中巨量的相互作用資訊，網路模型是普遍被使用的抽象化工具之一。常見的蛋白質間的交互作用和微型核醣核酸與基因間的調控關係均可透過網路模型的建立，並藉由數學上的拓樸概念與圖形理論進行分析，讓我們能以更宏觀與系統的角度理解生物系統的運作。然而，目前典型的網路分析受限於拓樸空間上的二維結構，致無法加入時間與空間層面的觀察與分析。本研究試圖提出新的分析框架，將固有的方法進行擴展，以應用於微型核醣核酸調控網路的整合分析。本研究藉由分析人類基因體與其他物種的同源基因，將演化年齡參數結合於每個蛋白質與微型核醣核酸，並以此引入時序維度對網路模型進行分解。除了整體網路分析，本研究也挑出粒線體相關調控網路作為小尺度個案研究。在微型核醣核酸調控網路的分析中，我們發現古老的基因會被較多種類的微型核醣核酸調控，而年輕的微型核醣核酸則能調控較多的基因。此外，由調控偏好可以發現微型核醣核酸會傾向調控年齡相近的基因。我們也發現年輕微型核醣核酸更喜愛調控蛋白質網路中樞紐位置的基因。而在粒線體相關的網路分析中，微型核醣核酸的調控偏好與整體網路中偏好調控年齡相近基因的結果大致相同。由功能性分析則可以發現人類粒線體功能大多由最古老的基因參與，僅有細胞凋亡相關功能會由較年輕的基因扮演重要角色。結合上述，不同年齡的基因與微型核醣核酸在網路中的確會扮演不同的角色，而利用此年齡分類策略，確實能增進對網路拓樸特性的了解。Owing to the clear fact that most biological characteristics arise from complex interactions between numerous constituents, more and more researche works apply the network model to generate the information of these complicated relationships such as protein interactions and miRNA regulations. Providing a framework for better understanding the cell machinery, network analysis can successfully reveal an insight to the functional organization in a system biology point of view. However, limited to its two-dimensional structure, typical network analysis may results in the lack of observation from temporal level. In this study, we adopted a phylogenetic strategy to divide human genes and miRNAs into age groups and thus decompose the miRNA regulatory network from an evolutionary perspective to answer if miRNAs of different ages would play different roles in the networks. We also extracted the mitochondria-related networks as a case study. For human miRNA regulatory network, we first found that ancient genes were regulated by more types of miRNAs. In contrast, young miRNAs could target more types of genes. Second, the regulatory preference between miRNA and genes indicated that miRNAs tended to regulate genes of similar age. The analysis also showed that genes targeted by young miRNAs were more likely to be hub in PPI networks. For mitochondria-related network, the regulatory preference pattern was roughly the same as the pattern in global miRNA regulatory network. Most of the functions in human mitochondria were contributed by proteins in G1 (eukaryote-conserved) and G2 (metazoan-conserved). Only the functions associated with cell death were occupied by proteins in G3 (vertebrate-conserved). Based on all the findings, it is clear that the proposed phylogenetic strategy, which utilized an additional age dimension for decomposition, had successfully enhanced the understanding of the topological organization of networks.口試委員會審定書 ……………………………………………………………………i
致謝 …………………………………………………………………………………….ii
摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………………iii
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………….iv
CONTENTS ……………………………………………………………………………vi
LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………….ix
LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………………xi
Chapter 1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………1
1.1 Network models ……………………………………………………………...1
1.2 Protein-protein Interaction (PPI) network …………………………………... 2
1.3 MicroRNA regulatory network ………………………………………………4
1.4 Mitochondria …………………………………………………………………5
1.5 Dissecting the human protein-protein interaction network via phylogenetic decomposition ………………………………………………………………...6
1.5.1 Overview of Phylo-decomposition of human PPI network …………..6
1.5.2 Age-dependent core-periphery structure and network centralities …...6
1.5.3 Ubiquitous yet combinatorial scale-free and hierarchy network
properties ……………………………………………………………..8
1.5.4 Age homophily in PPI network ………………………………………9
1.5.5 Age-dependent functional landscape ………………………………..10
1.6 Specific aims ………………………………………………………………..11
Chapter 2 Materials and Methods ………………………………………………13
2.1 Phylogenetic decomposition of networks …………………………………...13
2.1.1 Phylogenetic decomposition of human genome …………………….13
2.1.2 Construction of PPI network ………………………………………..14
2.1.3 Phylogenetic decomposition of human miRNAs …………………...16
2.1.4 Construction of bipartite miRNA regulatory network ………………16
2.2 Analysis of networks ………………………………………………………17
2.2.1 Interaction density and standard score ……………………………...17
2.2.2 Gene essentiality ……………………………………………………18
2.2.3 Normalization for distribution of network features across groups ….19
2.2.4 Generation of housekeeping genes ………………………………….19
2.2.5 Regulatory density and standard score ……………………………...20
2.2.6 Standard score of features for miRNA target genes ………………...21
2.2.7 Extraction of mitochondria-related networks ……………………..21
2.2.8 Age profile of mitochondrial pathway ……………………………...22
Chapter 3 Results and Discussion ……….……….……….……….…………….23
3.1 miRNA regulatory network ………..………..………..………..……………23
3.1.1 Age-dependent spectrum of miRNA regulatory network …………..23
3.1.2 Age homophily in miRNA regulatory network ………..……………24
3.1.3 Correlation between miRNA and their targets in PPI network ……..25
3.2 Mitochondria-related networks …..………..………..………..……………..26
3.2.1 Age homophily in mitochondria-related miRNA regulatory
network ……………………………………………………………...26
3.2.2 Age-dependent functional enrichment in mitochondria …………….26
Chapter 4 Conclusions …………………………………………………………...28
Figures ………………………………………………………………………………...29
Tables ………………………………………………………………………………….44
REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………….4
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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