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Study of sporamin wounding-induced pathway by protein-protein interaction of IbWRKY and Calmodulin in sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas cv. Tainong 57 )
No full textSporamin是甘藷塊根中含量豐富的蛋白質，已經被證實它具有胰蛋白酶抑制因子的活性，這類的蛋白質被認為在植物具有抗蟲及抗病的防禦功能。而經由我們實驗室對sporamin的啟動子區域的研究，發現其中的一個片段SWRE( Sporamin wounding response element )具有被受傷誘導的能力，並且經由yeast one-hybrid篩選法找到了會與此片段結合的兩個轉錄因子：IbNAC與IbWRKY。有被發現在其他植物中，攜鈣素( calmodulin )與IbWRKY同源的WRKY Ⅱd subgroup的蛋白質具有結合能力。
本論文要探討攜鈣素與IbWRKY兩者在甘藷中是否也具結合能力，以及觀察sporamin、 IbNAC、 IbWRKY和IbCaM 這些基因在受傷逆境及相關處理之下的表現情形，以進一步瞭解sporamin被受傷誘導的訊息傳遞機制。結果如同實驗室前人的研究，sporamin的表達會受到受傷與植物荷爾蒙SA、 MeJA的誘導，並且轉錄因子在受傷、SA和MeJA的處理下也都有表達量上升的現象，顯示這兩個轉錄因子可與sporamin的表達有相關或直接參與調控sporamin的表現。負責與IbWRKY結合的IbCaM則在受傷時其RNA有明顯表達的增加。表示第二信使Ca2+藉由Camodulin與IbWRKY結合來調控下游基因的路徑可能在受傷時最為顯著，因此Ca2+也可能參與了受傷後的訊息反應。另外藉由Gel Shift Assay和CaM Overlay Assay的方式，顯示在甘藷中IbWRKY與IbCAM會在有鈣離子訊號的情形下結合，鈣離子可能間接參與了sporamin的調控機制。另外雖然有報導NAC基因家族有部分成員會與攜鈣素結合，但是IbNAC本身並不會與攜鈣素結合，因此它的轉錄能力並不受Ca2+訊息路徑的調控。Sporamin is a storage protein which is abundant in the tuberous root of sweet potato, Which has been identified with trypsin inhibitor activity, and considered as a defender against predators and pathogens. According to the research of the promoter region of sporamin on which our lab focused, we identified a sequence element, SWRE ( sporamin wounding response element ) ,which was wounding inducible. Through yeast one-hybrid assay, we found two transcriptional factors: IbNAC and IbWRKY , which could bind to SWRE. It was reported that in other plant species, Calmodulin can bind with WRKY Ⅱd subgroup proteins to which IbWRKY is attributed.
We verified whether the binding of IbWRKY and Calmodulin also works in sweet potato, and for the signaling pathway of induction of sporamin through the expression pattern of sporamin、 IbNAC、 IbWRKY and IbCaM under treatment of wounding and several defense relevant hormones. It revealed that sporamin would be induced by wounding, SA and JA, as shown by our lab. And additionally the two transcription factors were induced by these treatments. It suggests that these two transcription factors are relevant to the regulation of sporamin expression.
IbCaM is induced in wounding , and functions through its binding to IbWRKY. It suggests that the pathway of second messenger Ca2+ could be involved in wounding response.
In Gel Shift Assay and CaM Overlay Assay, IbCaM can bind to IbWRKY in the existence of Ca2+, suggesting Ca2+could be involved in regulation of expression of sporamin. Although some NAC family members have the domain for binding Calmodulin, IbNAC lacks the domain and its transcription ability seems not regulated by Ca2+.
Key words: sweet potato, wounding, sporamin, NAC, WRKY, Calmodulin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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