206 research outputs found
Haemocera morii Tokioka 1949
No full text<i>Haemocera morii</i> Tokioka, 1949 or <i>Cymbasoma morii</i> Sekiguchi, 1982 (reprised from Grygier 1994b) <p> Tokioka (1949) described <i>Haemocera morii</i> based on the female holotype. The descriptive text and illustrations were more detailed than the common run of monstrilloid descriptions to that time, but no diagnosis was provided, nor any explicit or implicit comparison to any other species. From this publication alone it is impossible to know which characters were “purported to differentiate the taxon” (Art. 13.1.1 of the Code). The word “purport” is not defined in the Code’s Glossary, but according to various dictionaries it carries the implication of an intentional or deliberate representation.</p> <p> Some nomenclaturally irrelevant appearances of <i>Haemocera morii</i> in faunal lists followed its description, but then Sekiguchi (1982) transferred the species to <i>Cymbasoma</i>. He cited the earlier work, presented a short, illustrated description of a second female, and concluded his remarks with the following discriminative observation (p. 32), “This species is closely related with <i>C. gracile</i> (GURNEY, 1927) and <i>C. recticulata</i> [<i>sic</i>] (GIESBRECHT, 1892), but distinguished from the latters by setation of the 5th legs.” Grygier (1994b) reattributed the authorship of <i>morii</i> to Sekiguchi, 1982, citing the English version of Art. 13(a)(1) of the Third Edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1985), then in force, and writing (p. 23) concerning Tokioka’s (1949) paper that “no statement purported to distinguish this species from any other, so the new name was unavailable ….” Noting that Tokioka’s (1949) and Sekiguchi’s (1982) specimens are both syntypes if authorship of the species is attributed to Sekiguchi, Grygier (1994b) designated the extant Sekiguchi specimen as the lectotype.</p> <p> Grygier (1995a) repeated this history in brief in his summaries of Tokioka’s (1949) and Sekiguchi’s (1982) papers and called <i>Haemocera morii</i> a <i>nomen nudum</i>. Razouls (1996) listed this nominal species both as <i>Haemocera morii</i> Tokioka, 1949 and as <i>Cymbasoma morii</i> Sekiguchi, 1982, with a cross-reference from the former listing to the latter. Suárez-Morales & Escamilla (1997), Suárez-Morales & Palomares-García (1999), and many subsequent single- or multiple-author works by Suárez-Morales have accepted the authorship attribution of <i>Cymbasoma morii</i> to Sekiguchi, 1982 without comment.</p> <p>No specific means of expressing the purported differentiation of a new taxon was mandated by the above-cited Article 13a(1) of the Third Edition (ICZN 1985). Recommendation 13A suggested “giving a summary of characters that in the author’s opinion differentiate the taxon from other named taxa of the same rank as the new taxon”, but the Article allowed the information to be conveyed in any way whatsoever. Descriptions that fail to differentiate in some way are probably quite rare, and it is frequently possible to regard a bare description also as a diagnosis. It would be beyond the bounds of reason, however, to assume that Tokioka (1949) regarded all of the mentioned features in his description as diagnostic at the species level. We also do not think it reasonable to parse Article 13(a)(i) of the Third Edition such that “description” and “definition that states in words …” are interpreted as two different alternatives. A straw poll conducted by MJG among current ICZN Commissioners found that most respondents agreed with the idea that the restrictive relative clause pertains to both “description” and “definition”.</p> <p> Minor changes in the wording of Article 13.1.1, Recommendation 13A, and various Glossary entries in the Fourth Edition of the Code (ICZN 2009) did not affect the above reasoning. The Fourth Edition was issued initially in both English and French versions of equal standing and force. In the French text, the wordings of Article 13.1.1 and “diagnose” in the Glossary differ significantly in meaning from the respective English versions. The French version lacks an equivalent word for "purported" or “purports” in both places [also true of the official Japanese edition of the Code: International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2000], and thus apparently allows implicit differentiations as well as explicit ones; it may be sufficient to mention discriminative characters without pointing them out as such. In the case of Tokioka’s (1949) description of <i>Haemocera morii</i>, anyone familiar with the preceding monstrilloid literature would immediately recognize, as did Sekiguchi (1982), that there were only two remotely similar species (although Tokioka never mentioned them), and which features in the description were the taxonomically significant ones. Under the French text, <i>Haemocera morii</i> Tokioka, 1949 appears to be an available name, while, as noted above, under the English reading it appears to be unavailable.</p> <p> In August of 2002, Grygier submitted an application to ICZN (Case 3252) to request a ruling to settle the matter in favor of the French (and Japanese) wording of Art. 13.1.1 and the French wording of the definition of the term “diagnose” in the Glossary. Under such a ruling <i>Haemocera morii</i> Tokioka, 1949 would be recognized as an available name and Grygier’s (1994b) lectotype designation for <i>Cymbasoma morii</i> would be set aside because Tokioka’s (1949) original specimen would be the holotype. Receipt of the Case was acknowledged in print [see Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 59(4): 233], but this Case was never published and it was closed in October, 2003, without any published notification of closure.</p> <p> Under Article 87 of the Code, all ICZN-authorized editions of the Code in various languages “are official and are equivalent in force”. As a matter of fact, Art. 13.1. 1 in the German edition of the Fourth Code (Krauss 2000) is yet again different, being concerned with features that are “geeignet” (i.e., “suitable” or “useful”) for distinguishing the new taxon. Authors from some linguistic backgrounds might be inclined to reverse Grygier’s (1994b) judgement concerning the authorship of <i>Haemocera</i> / <i>Cymbasoma morii</i>, which was based on the English version of the Code, and return the authorship to Tokioka (1949). However, we cannot choose among Codes unilaterally; apparent differences in meaning between official texts of the Code are to be referred to the Commission (Article 87 of the Code). This was done in Case 3252, but since the Case was closed without any ruling on the linguistic questions it raised, the authorship and the date of availability of the present species remain ambiguous.</p>Published as part of <i>Grygier, Mark J. & Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, 2018, Recognition and partial solution of nomenclatural issues involving copepods of the family Monstrillidae (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida), pp. 497-509 in Zootaxa 4486 (4)</i> on pages 502-503, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4486.4.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1442306">http://zenodo.org/record/1442306</a>
The effect of different information sources on prosodic boundary perception
No full textLudusan B, Morii M, Minagawa Y, Dupoux E. The effect of different information sources on prosodic boundary perception. JASA Express Letters. 2021;1(11): 115203.This study aims to quantify the effect of several information sources: acoustic, higher-level linguistic, and knowledge of the prosodic system of the language, on the perception of prosodic boundaries. An experiment with native and non-native participants investigating the identification of prosodic boundaries in Japanese was conducted. It revealed that non-native speakers as well as native speakers with access only to acoustic information can recognize boundaries better than chance level. However, knowledge of both the prosodic system and of higher-level information are required for a good boundary identification, each one having similar or higher importance than that of acoustic information.& nbsp;(C) 2021 Author(s). All article content, exceptwhere otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Material Discriminated X-Ray CT System by Using New X-Ray Imager with Energy Discriminate Function
No full textMaterial discriminated X-ray CT system has been constructed by using conventional X-ray tube (white X-ray source) and photon-counting X-ray imager as an application with energy band detection. We have already reported material identify X-ray CT using K-shell edge method elsewhere. In this report the principle of material discrimination was adapted the separation of electron-density and atomic number from attenuation coefficient mapping in X-ray CT reconstructed image in two wavelength X-ray CT method using white X-ray source and energy discriminated X-ray imager by using two monochrome X-ray source method. The measurement phantom was prepared as four kinds material rods (Carbon(C), Iron(Fe), Copper(Cu), Titanium(Ti) rods of 3mm-diameter) inside an aluminum(Al) rod of 20mm-diameter. We could observed material discriminated X-ray CT reconstructed image, however, the discrimination properties were not good than two monochrome X-ray CT method. This results was could be explained because X-ray scattering, beam-hardening and so on based on white X-ray source, which could not observe in two monochrome X-ray CT method. However, since our developed CdTe imager can be detect five energy-bands at the same time, we can use multi-band analysis to decrease the least square error margin. We will be able to obtain more high separation in atomic number mapping in X-ray CT reconstructed image by using this system
Interactions between Fish Well-being and Water Quality: A Case Study from MoriiLake Area, Romania
No full textAbstractThis paper represents the start of a complex research on water-fish-human relationships and their implications for animal and human welfare. Among the many determinants that influence the population of a fish are size of specimens and water-quality factors. Length-weight relationship, Fulton's K condition factor and the size structure were assessed for unsexed percid species European perch, Percafluviatilis (L., 1758) (N= 485) and Eurasian ruffe, Gymnocephaluscernua (L., 1758) (N= 177) caught from Dâmboviţa River-Morii Lake area – the largest lake from Bucharest, the capital of Romania.Positive allometric growth was estimated for both fish species: TW = 0.0061 x TL3.2498 (perch) and TW = 0.0075 x TL3.1733(ruffe). Condition factor K registered values between 0.79 and 2.29 (perch), 0.86 and 1.5 (ruffe).Some physico-chemical parameters (pH, total dissolved solids, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, ammonium, electrical conductivity, total hardness) were achieved, in order to evaluate the impact of abiotic habitat conditions on fish population. The microbiological analyses of water quality were also considered, to detect the species of micromycetes that could affect both human and fish health. Thus, Alternaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. and some Saccharomyces yeast strains were identified in water samples from the studied area. On the basis of all the analyzed parameters, the water resource was found to be not within the suitable range for well-being of both percid species, fact which could be of general interest assuming that local people use to angle fish like perch and often eat their catch.To our knowledge, the study attempts for the first time to approach the interactions between biological features of some fish species inhabiting the DâmboviţaRiver upstream of MoriiLake, the quality of their environment and local people – regarded as potential consumers of their occasional catches
Cost Effectiveness of Drive and Retrieve System in Hokkaido for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patient Treatment Using Geographic Information System
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: Although endovascular thrombectomy combined with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator is effective for treatment of acute ischemic stroke, regional disparities in implementation rates of those treatments have been reported. Drive and retrieve system, where a qualified neurointerventionist travels to another primary stroke center for endovascular thrombectomy, has been practiced in parts of Hokkaido, Japan. This study aims to simulate the cost effectiveness of the drive and retrieve system, which can be a method to enhance equality and cost effectiveness of treatments for acute ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: The number of patients who had acute ischemic stroke in 2015 is estimated. Those patients are generated according to the population distribution, and thereafter patient transport time is analyzed in the 3 scenarios (1) 60-minute drive scenario, (2) 90-minute drive scenario, in which the drive and retrieve system operates within 60-minute or 90-minute driving distance (3) without the system, using geographic information system. Incremental cost-effectiveness rate, quality-adjusted life years, and medical and nursing care costs are estimated from the analyzed transport time. Findings: The incremental cost-effectiveness rate by implementing the system was dominant. Cost reductions of 247,274 in the 90-minute scenario were expected, respectively. Such benefits are the most significant in Soya, Emmon, Rumoi, and Kamikawahokubu medical areas. Conclusions: The drive and retrieve system could enhance regional equality and cost effectiveness of ischemic stroke treatments in Hokkaido, which can be achieved using existing resources. Further studies are required to clarify its cost effectiveness from hospital perspective
Analyzing Cost-Effectiveness of Allocating Neurointerventionist for Drive and Retrieve System for Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Get PDFObjectives: There are regional disparities in implementation rates of endovascular thrombectomy due to time and resource constraints such as endovascular thrombec-tomy specialists. In Hokkaido, Japan, Drive and Retrieve System (DRS), where endo-vascular thrombectomy specialists perform early endovascular thrombectomies by traveling from the facilities where they normally work to facilities closer to the patient. This study analyzed the cost-effectiveness of allocating a endovascular thrombectomy specialist for DRS to treat stroke patients. Materials and methods: he number of ischemic stroke patients expected to receive endovascular thrombectomy in Hokkaido in 2015 was estimated. It was assumed that an additional neutointerventionist was allocated for DRS. The analysis was performed from the government's perspective, which includes medical and nursing-care costs, and the personnel cost for endovascular thrombectomy specialist. The analysis was conducted comparing the current scenario, where patients received endovascular thrombectomy in facilities where endovascular thrombectomy specialists normally work, with the scenario with DRS within 60 min drive distance. Patient transport time was analyzed using geographic information system, and patient severity was estimated from the transport time. The primary outcome was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in each medical area which was calculated from the incre-mental costs and the incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), estimated from patient severity using published literature. The entire process was repeated 100 times. Results: DRS was most cost-effective in Kamikawachubu area, where the ICER was $14,17316,802/QALY, significantly lower than the threshold that the Japanese guide-line suggested. Conclusions: Since DRS was cost-effective in Kamikawachubu area, the area should be prioritized when a endovascular thrombectomy specialist for DRS is allo-cated as a policy
Projecting future supply and demand for physical therapists in Japan using system dynamics
Get PDFObjectives: Japan is the oldest country in the world, and its demand for medical care is expected to increase. Although a clear vision regarding the supply and demand for physical therapy services is necessary, there has been no research that forecasts the supply and demand for physical therapists in Japan. Consensus has not been reached on whether the supply of physical therapists is sufficient. This study projects this supply and demand to provide medical policymakers with basic data. Methods: A system dynamics model was created to predict the number of physical therapists working in hospitals and clinics in Japan from 2014 to 2040. The future demand for physical therapy was estimated using the rehabilitation service utilization data from Open National Database, a publicly available nationwide health claims database. Sufficiency rates (supply/demand) were calculated, and sensitivity analysis was conducted on supply-related parameters. Results: The number of physical therapists was projected to be 1.74 and 2.54 times greater in 2025 and 2040, respectively, than in 2014. The sufficiency rates were 1.72, 2.39, and 3.30 in 2015, 2025, and 2040, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed that attrition rates had the greatest effects on sufficiency. Conclusions: Although the current supply appears to be needed, considering the expected increase and uncertainty in medical needs. However, there is a possibility of a future oversupply, especially after 2025, when the rate of increase in demand will lessen. Further studies are required to evaluate the distribution of physical therapists among regions and specialties. (C) 2019 Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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